Annotated BibliographyPrimary Sources"Archibald Cox." Image. AP/Wide World Photos. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 25
Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/270576?terms=watergate>
This is a portrait of Archibald Cox. Cox was the first special prosecutor in the
Watergate scandal. This picture was provided on my website to show the readers what he
looked like.
‘’Battle for the tapes- Overview.’’ Image. Records of District Courts of the United States. The
Watergate Files. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=3&p
age=a&zoom=2>
This picture is depicting the “Rosemary Stretch”. I utilized it in my website because it
correlated with the information I provided corresponding to the deleted section of one of
the White House tapes.
"Bob Woodward." Image. AP/Wide World Photos. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web.
25 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/271310?terms=watergate>
This is a photograph of Bob Woodward, one of two Washington Post reporters who
broke the story of the Watergate scandal. I used the picture in my website to provide a
visual of him.
"Carl Bernstein." Image. (CC) Larry D. Moore. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 25
Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1289449?terms=watergate>
Carl Bernstein is the man in this picture. He was one of the two Washington Post reporters
who uncovered some of the truths of the Watergate scandal. The photograph was used to
show readers what Carl Bernstein looked like.
‘’David Frost interview with Richard Nixon about Watergate." American History. ABC-CLIO,
2013. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.
< http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1300553?terms=watergate>
This is a transcript of an interview in which David Frost questioned Richard Nixon.
This transcript was a very important primary resource that contributed to my website
because it allowed me to see Nixon’s point of view on the Watergate scandal.
‘’Documents.’’ Image. Records of District Courts of the United States. The Watergate Files. Web.
30 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=1&p
age=c&doc=1>
This is an image of the letter James McCord wrote to Judge John Sirica. It provided vital
information about the Watergate break-in and burglars.
Fama, Jilian and Meghan Kiesel. “Watergate Burglars: Where Are They Now?” Image. AP
Photos. Abc News. Abc News, 2013. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
<http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/watergate-burglars-now/story?id=16567157#>
On this website, a photograph of each Watergate burglar was presented. This source was
helpful to my website because it allowed me to present visuals of the Watergate
conspirators to the readers.
‘’Ford Pardons Nixon- September 8, 1974.’’ Video. YouTube. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eM9dGr8ArR0>
In this video, Ford pardons Nixon. This controversial event sparked outrage across the
country. I uploaded this video onto my website because it allowed viewers to actually
watch Ford pardon Nixon and draw their own conclusions and opinions relevant to the
subject.
"H.R. Haldeman." Image. National Archives. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 9 Dec.
2012. < http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/273041?terms=watergate+>
In this primary source, H.R. Haldeman is depicted. I provided this image in my project
to allow readers to see what he looked like.
"H.R. Haldeman: quote on the Watergate scandal." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 25
Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/281436?terms=watergate>
This is a comment H.R. Haldeman made to John Dean on April 8, 1973. I used this quote in
my website to reveal to the readers that H.R. Haldeman was worried that now that the
story of Watergate was out, it wouldn’t be going away anytime in the near future.
"John Sirica." Image. AP Photo. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1325249?terms=watergate>
This photograph is of John Sirica, the U.S. District Court judge in Washington, D.C.
during the Watergate scandal. I used this image in my website to permit the readers to
see what Sirica looked like
“Pres. Nixon Speaks from White House on Watergate.” Internet Archive. Video. 1 April. 2013
<http://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.48156>
During this presidential speech, Nixon addressed many subjects, including his concerns on
Watergate, his knowledge about it, and his reasons on not wanting to release the White
House tapes. All of this information was crucial to my website.
"Richard Nixon." Image. National Archives. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 9 Dec.
2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/271072?terms=richard+nixon>
Richard Nixon was a very significant player in the Watergate scandal, which is why I
provided a photograph of him.
"Richard Nixon: Articles of Impeachment (1974)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 28
Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/254784?terms=watergate>
The Articles of Impeachment were a primary source that allowed me to read the crimes that
Richard Nixon was accused of by the House Judiciary Committee regarding the Watergate
scandal. The Articles of Impeachment provided me with a different view of the role
Richard Nixon played in the Watergate break-in and cover-up.
"Richard Nixon campaigns in 1972." Image. National Archives. American History. ABC-CLIO,
2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/288345?terms=watergate>
In this picture, Nixon is shown campaigning. I used this photograph to reveal to the
readers that Nixon was very enthusiastic and involved during his campaign of 1972 ,even
though he resolved to using illegal tactics to beat George McGovern in a landslide victory.
"Richard Nixon: Presidential Resignation speech (1974)." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012.
Web. 28 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/254789?terms=watergate>
In this transcript of Nixon’s presidential resignation speech, he stated what he
accomplished during his time as a president and what his beliefs were. This source
contributed to my website because it helped me understand Nixon’s view point.
"Richard Nixon: Presidential Tape Recordings address (1974)." American History. ABC-CLIO,
2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. <http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/
254790?terms=watergate+transcripts>
The transcript of the presidential tape recordings address contributed to my website
because Nixon’s address presented his side of Watergate.
"Richard Nixon: quote on the Watergate investigation." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012.
Web. 1 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/264159?terms=watergate>
This is a famous quote from Richard Nixon. I used it in my website because Nixon
specifically states that he is not a crook.
‘’Richard Nixon resigns- August 8, 1974.’’ Video. YouTube. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzXL7C0JQDM>
In this video, Nixon addresses the nation on his decision of resignation. I used it in my
website as a primary source to offer viewers an opportunity to hear what he said during his
resignation speech.
"Richard Nixon: Watergate address." Video. National Archives. American History. ABC-CLIO,
2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/299953?&video=flash>
This is a video of Richard Nixon’s Watergate address. It was an important part of my
research because Nixon denies any involvement in the Watergate scandal.
"Sam Ervin: quote on the Watergate break-in." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 23
Oct. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/264307?terms=watergate>
This is a quote from Sam Ervin relating to the Watergate break-in. I used it in my website
to provide readers with a sense of how Sam Ervin felt about the significance of the
Watergate break-in.
‘’The Aftermath- Overview.’’ Image. Gerald R. Ford Library. The Watergate Files. Web. 2 Jan.
2013. <http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?sectio
n=5&page=a&zoom=3>
The image depicts Gerald Ford being sworn into office. I used in my website to provide the
readers with a visual of this important event.
‘’The Aftermath- Overview.’’ Image. White House Photo Office Collection. The Watergate Files.
Web. 2 Jan. 2013.<http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.
php?section=5&page=a&zoom=2>
Richard Nixon is delivering his last goodbyes to his cabinet and White House staff
members in this primary source. This picture contributed to my website by allowing the
readers to observe such a significant event that took place during the Watergate scandal.
‘’The Watergate Trial- Overview.’’ Image. Records of District Courts of the United States. The
Watergate Files. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.
<http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=1&p
age=a&zoom=4>
In this picture, microphones disguised as Chap Sticks are depicted. These ‘’bugs’’ were
used by the Watergate burglars to infiltrate the Democratic National Committee
headquarters. I provided this picture in my website to give readers an understanding of
what some of the “bugs” that were used by the burglars looked like.
"Trial photo of Watergate apartment complex." Image. National Archives. American History.
ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 24 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/288347?terms=watergate>
This photograph is of the Watergate complex. I used it in my website to provide readers
with a picture of the building where the break-in that set things in motion took place.
"Watergate hearings." Image. AP/Wide World Photos. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012.
Web. 21 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1525621?terms=watergate>
In this image, the Select Senate Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities is shown
during its investigation into the Watergate crimes. I used this photograph in my website
to expose to the readers that the Select Senate Committee on Presidential Campaign was
taking action.
"Watergate hearings." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web.
25 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1300653?terms=watergate>
This picture depicts the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities
convening in the Senate Caucus Room to hear testimony related to the break-in at the
Watergate complex. I used this photograph in my website to provide a sense of what the
Senate Caucus Room atmosphere was during the Watergate hearings.
"Watergate hearings." Video. Prelinger Archives/Internet Moving Images Archive. American
History. ABC- CLIO, 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1659765?&video=flash>
In this video, Nixon addresses the nation about the Watergate scandal. This primary source
was essential to my website because it allowed me to observe Nixon’s side of the story.
"Watergate scandal." Image. New World Encyclopedia. New World Encyclopedia, April 4, 2008.
Web. 2 Jan. 2013. <http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Watergate_scandal>
In this photograph, Richard Nixon is seen departing the White House, an event that
followed his resignation.
"Watergate scandal: transcript of White House meeting (1972)." American History. ABC-CLIO,
2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/255256?terms=watergate>
This is a transcript of the ‘’Smoking Gun’’ White House tape. This primary resource
informed me of what Nixon and Haldeman discussed in ‘’private’’ about the Watergate
scandal.
Secondary SourcesBeschloss, Michael and Hugh Sidey. ‘’Richard M. Nixon 1969-1974.” The White House. White
House Historical Association, 2009. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/richardnixon>
This website presented to me the biography of Richard Nixon’s life. This secondary source
was especially helpful to me because it stated positive things that Nixon had done during
his presidency that were overshadowed by the Watergate scandal.
Cacace, Christopher. ‘’History of Watergate and It’s Lasting Effects on Investigative Journalism.’’
Yahoo Voices. Christopher Cacace, May 27, 2009. Web. 2 Jan. 2013.
<http://voices.yahoo.com/history-watergate-its-lasting-effects-investigative-3348298.htm
l?cat=37>
“History of Watergate and It’s Lasting Effects on Investigative Journalism’’ provided
information relevant to the effects Watergate had on investigative journalism.
This secondary source aided me in creating an informative and rich conclusion.
Doster, Stephanie. “Watergate vs. Monicagate.” American Journalism Review. January/February
1999. Web. 1 April. 2013. <http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=3339>
After Watergate, many infamous scandals were termed with the suffix ‘-gate’, and
Monicagate is just one of many. This article provided facts about the Watergate and
Monicagate incidents, and the information allowed me to create a conclusion that
adequately determined the similarities and differences between Monicagate and
Watergate.
"Editorial cartoon depicting Richard Nixon shipwrecked." Image. Library of Congress. American
History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1414385?terms=watergate>
This editorial cartoon illustrates Nixon in the S.S. Watergate. It was released the day after
the former Attorney General testified before the Senate Committee that Nixon did not
know anything about the Watergate crimes until after his reelection. I used this image in
my website because it depicts that if it were to become public knowledge that Nixon did
indeed know about the Watergate crimes before his reelection, his presidency would crash
and burn.
"Editorial cartoon showing Richard Nixon tangled in spider web." Image. Library of Congress.
American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012.
<http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1414386?terms=watergate>
This editorial cartoon illustrates Richard Nixon tangled in a spider's web while recording
tapes dangle around him. The cartoon was published at the peak of the controversy
surrounding Nixon's refusal to turn over the White House tapes to the House Judiciary
Committee. I used this image in my website because it abstractly depicts how many
dilemmas Nixon was in for not surrendering the tapes.
“Election of 1972.” Image. American Presidential Elections, 1972. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,
2013. Web. 6 Feb. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/presidents/art-67694>
This presidential election results map aided me by providing a visual depicting the
immense lead that Richard Nixon beat George McGovern with during the presidential
election of 1972.
‘’Gerald Ford.’’ Sheppard Software. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
< http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/History/presidents/Presidents_38_Ford.htm>
This website provided background information on Gerald Ford and events that involved
him. After analyzing the information it provided, I became more aware of the events that
involved Gerald Ford before, during and after his presidency.
Hart, John M.. “RE: National History Day (middle school student- please read).” E-mail to
Denisse Cordova. 8 Feb. 2013. E-mail.
For an additional secondary source, I contacted a history professor of the University of
Houston to provide me with his opinion on the Watergate scandal; he offered me new
valuable information.
Hokamp, Hank. ‘’The Effects of Watergate on America’s View of Politics.’’ All Experts.
About.com, 2013. Web. 3 Jan. 2013. <http://en.allexperts.com/q/U-S-History-672/2011/2/
Effects-Watergate-America-View.htm>
This article supplied me with numerous effects that Watergate had on America’s view of
politics. The information it provided aided me in creating my own conclusion of the
turning points the Watergate scandal caused in America.
“I am not a crook.” Image. Herblock’s History. Library of Congress, October 22, 2011. Web. 6
Feb. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/herblock/crook.html>
Political cartoons help portray the various opinions’ of different people which is why I
used several of the political cartoons that this source provided in my website.
Keko, Don. “Watergate’s impact on modern America.” Examiner. Aug. 18, 2011. Web. 1 April.
2013. <http://www.examiner.com/article/watergate-s-impact-on-modern-america>
“Watergate’s impact on modern America” was an informative article that allowed me to
read about the impact the Watergate scandal had on the United States, especially in modern
times.
"People." The Watergate Files. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=1&p
age=b>
This secondary source provided information about people who were involved in the
Watergate scandal; it broadened my knowledge.
Rudin, Ken. ‘’Beyond Deep Throat: The Cast of Watergate.’’ National Public Radio. National
Public Radio, 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
< http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4678527>
This secondary source provided information on the key players involved in the Watergate
scandal.
Schneider, Bill. ‘’Cynicism Didn't Start With Watergate.’’ All Politics CNN Time. All Politics,
1997. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/gen/resources/watergate/trust.schneider/>
This secondary source helped me understand the effect that the Watergate scandal had on
the public faith of America in the government.
‘’The Aftermath for Watergate.’’ Watergate.info.Watergate.info, 1995-2012. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.
<http://watergate.info/analysis/the-aftermath-of-watergate>
Effects of Watergate were addressed in this webpage. The information provided in the
webpage helped me determine some of the turning points the Watergate scandal caused.
‘’The Final Report: Watergate.’’ Video. YouTube. National Geographic. Web. 15 Nov.
2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFID6Qkwh88>
This documentary reviewed all of the events and people involved in the Watergate scandal.
It helped me organize my information, and it answered many of my questions.
‘’The Watergate Scandal- The Aftermath.’’ Constitutional Rights Foundation. Constitutional
Rights Foundation, 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
<http://historyday.crf-usa.org/2814/Aftermath.html>
The information in this secondary source revealed some of the effects the Watergate
scandal had on America.
“The Woman at Watergate (1975).” Internet Archive. Video. 2 April. 2013.
<http://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1434>
During this interview, a female lawyer was questioned and asked to voice her opinions on
the Watergate scandal and its effects. This source proved to be useful because it provided
me with the opinions from someone who had been alive during the Watergate scandal.
“IV. The world After Watergate.” University of Michigan. Web. 1 April. 2013.
<http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472114301-ch4.pdf>
“IV. The world After Watergate” allowed me to read about the many effects Watergate had
on the population of the world.
‘’Timeline.’’ The Watergate Files. Web. 21 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=1&p
age=d>
The timeline presented in this webpage allowed me to read the chronological order of the
events related to the Watergate scandal. It eliminated many of my confusions regarding the
order of events.
Vicary, Lauten and Kristen Salyer. “From Watergate to Weinergate: 40 Years of Infamous
‘Gates’”. Bloomberg. June 14,2012. Web. 1 April. 2013.
<http://www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-06-14/from-watergate-to-weinergate-40-ye
ars-of-infamous-gates-.html>
Because I knew that many other scandals had the suffix ‘-gate’, I decided to research their
differences and similarities to the Watergate incident. This slideshow provided a brief
description for more than fourteen other scandals.
"Watergate scandal." New World Encyclopedia. New World Encyclopedia, April 4, 2008. Web. 26
Nov. 2012. <http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Watergate_scandal>
This website provided several varying turning points that the Watergate scandal caused
that I wasn’t aware of beforehand.