HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY COURSES IN
THE GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM:
WHERE WE HAVE BEEN AND WHERE WE ARE
GOING
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OVER A LIFE SPAN
Individuals become
increasingly less active as
they age. The largest
decline from ages 15 thru
25.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION
UNITED STATES
Significant Drop in Fruit
and vegetable
consumption in ages 17
thru 34
WERE HAVE WE BEEN: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
IN THE GEN ED
SWEDISH GYMNASTICS
HEALTH, STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Johann GutMuths
(1759-1839)
Dudley Sargent,
(1849 – 1924)
BRITISH SPORT
SOCIAL, MORAL AND PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau (1762)
Charles Kingsley
(1850)
John Williams
(1866)
INTRODUCTION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION INTO THE
COLLEGE CURRICULUM
(1861)Dr. Edward
Hitchcock (a geologist)
taught the first college
course in physical
fitness and hygiene
education.
GENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS
GER
FIRST GER
1917 Columbia University
Implements two courses
E X PA N D E D G E R
1931 Chicago University
1. Humanities,
1.Introduction to
Contemporary Civilization
2.General Honors
2.Social Sciences,
3. Biological Sciences
4. Physical Sciences
GER PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
1930
BASIC
INSTRUCTION
PROGRAM (BIP)
-British sport model was
the trend with team
sports being the focus.
Jesse Williams
“unified human being”
approach.
1956
President Eisenhower
council on youth fitness
Focus on Strength and
Conditioning in the GER
THE GER 1980 AND 1990S
CONCEPTUAL
COURSES
Health Related Fitness (HRF)
courses that were more
theoretically based
 Lectures
 Labs
BASIC
INSTRUCTION
PROGRAM
More student choice
- scuba diving
- rock climbing
- skiing etc..
PERCENTAGE OF INSTITUTIONS WITH REQUIRED
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR GRADUATION
RESEARCH INTO EFFECTIVENESS OF
UNIVERSITY HEALTH COURSES
A. Changes in
1.
Knowledge
2. Attitudes
3. Behaviors
Dale and Corbin (2000)
Pearman ,Valois, Sargent, Saunders, Drane, Macera,
(1997)
B. (HRF) better than APE in long term
promotion of physical activity
Adams and Brynteson (1995)
TREND TO ONLINE HRF COURSES
2 YR VS 4 YR INSTITUTIONS ONLINE AND WEB-ENHANCED
WERE ARE WE GOING: CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES
WHERE ARE WE GOING
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
1.Improving health status of our college student
population
2. Technology in the class room
3, Financial
EVIDENCED BASED PROGRAMS FOR PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY COMPONENTS OF THE GEN ED
(FISHER 2003)
 Behavior management skills
 Incorporate existing campus and community
programs and facilities in courses
 Physical activity classes should allow for
variation in skill, fitness and experience
 Conceptual courses should allow for some
choice of content on broad topics
Identify barriers to exercise and help students
overcome these barriers
TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH
BEHAVIORS
INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY OR
PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY
STUDENTS WHO TOOK AN ONLINE CLASS IN A
GIVEN YEAR
INDIVIDUAL LEARNER EFFECTS OF ONLINE
CLASSES
PROS
•more engagement with content
•greater learner motivation
•increased Personal interaction
with the instructor
•Greater control over the learning
process
•Greater student interaction
(average 1 hr class of 50 illicits
responses from 7 students)
•More time for reflective
responses
(Roblyer & Marshall, 2003).
CONS
•Technical difficulties
•Low learner motivation
•Sense of isolation
•Poor learner readiness
•Lack of contact with teacher
•Low retention rates
(Coomey & Stephenson, 2001
LATEST INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
CAUTIONS WITH TECHNOLOGY
• Buschner (2006) believes that no data exist
to support the notion that online HRF courses
result in student learning.
• Buschner (2006) states that online physical
education is still at the "trial and error stage
and should be undertaken with prudence"
FINANCIAL STRESS
University cut backs effecting the Gen Ed
programs
HIGH AND LOW OF REQUIRED PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY IN GEN ED
TWO SUGGESTIONS FOR CSKLS
Need for a comprehensive
defense of the Kinesiology
courses in Gen Ed
programs
Research for evidence based
strategies to promote health
behaviors in college
populations
Harmonizes the following
literature
1.Do our Physical activity
programs still effect long
term behavior change
2.Effective Use of physical
activity Technologies in our
programs
3.Effective online or webenanced educational
technologies
1.Health and kinesiology
research
2.Government initiatives
and programs
3.Faith based literature
and theology promoting
body care programs