Overview of Deliverable 4
Direct and indirect impact (on energy)
of ITU-T standards
Editor’s Group of Deliverable 4
Sungchul Kang (KCC, Korea), Chairman
Eunsook Kim “Eunah” (ETRI, Korea), Editor
Takafumi Hashitani (Fujitsu, Japan), co-editor
Franz Zichy (US State Department, USA), co-editor
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Summary (SCOPE)
 This deliverable describes general checklists
and guidelines, examples of networks and
systems which influence climate change in the
ICT field, and ITU-T standards that have a
positive impact on mitigation of climate
change.
 It is to allow ITU-T SGs to evaluate, for each
Question, the possible future CO2E (carbon
dioxide equivalent) reduction of technologies
in terms of direct emissions from ICTs and
possible savings in terms of Climate Change
mitigation from the use of ICTs.
 It is noted that the list of ICT technologies and
ITU-T standards introduced in this deliverable
do not limit the possible and potential ICT
technologies and ITU-T standards to impact
climate change.
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Table of Contents (1/3)
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2
3
4
5
Scope
References
Terms and Definition
Abbreviations
Checklist
5.1 Checklists for adopting eco-friendly ICT framework
5.2 Checklists for choosing eco-friendly ICT devices
5.3 Checklists for adopting eco-friendly ICT providers
5.4 Checklists for using ICT systems in an eco-friendly way
5.5 Checklists for disposing and recycling of ICT
systems in an eco-friendly way
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Table of Contents (2/3)
6 Networks and Systems influencing climate change
6.1 Fixed vs. wireless/mobile networks
6.1.1 Fixed networks can improve mitigation in ways
mobiles cannot
6.1.2 Spectrum usage and energy efficiency
6.1.3 A case study of power consumption among
different FTTx architecture
6.1.4 A use-case of CDMA
6.2 Data center
6.2.1 Energy consumption at IDC
6.2.2 Green Internet Data Center
6.2.3 Natural Cooling System
6.3 Tele-conferencing system
6.4 Home networking
6.4.1 Aspects of energy management
6.4.2 Application profiling and designing interface
6.4.3 Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and
Smart Energy System (SES)
6.4.4 Guidelines proposal to FG ICT & CC
Table of Contents (3/3)
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Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change
7.1 Next Generation Networks (NGN)
7.2 Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)
7.2.1 USN use-cases for monitoring climate change
7.2.2 Guidelines proposal for perspective USN work items
7.3 Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
7.4 Tag-based Identification Applications and Services
Appendix. FG Questionnaire Response from ITU-R and ITU-T SGs
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5. Checklist
Checklists are useful for developing and promoting ecofriendly standards for ICT architecture, ICT devices, ICT
providers, ICT systems, and disposal and recycling of
ICT systems in an eco-friendly way.
To lead
•Limit the negative impacts
•Enhance the positive impacts
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5. Checklist /
Using an ICT system
in an eco-friendly way (1/2)
Objective
Check item
Description
Using an ICT
Has the ICT system contributed to
reducing use of office consumables
(e.g., paper)?
It is helpful to compare the current
consumption against the forecasts made
before the introduction of the ICT system.
Has the ICT system actually
contributed to a reduction in
electricity or energy consumption?
It is helpful to compare the current electricity
and energy consumption against the values
before the introduction of the ICT system.
Has the ICT system actually
contributed to a reduction in the
movement of people?
It is helpful to compare the current movement
of people against the value before the
introduction of the ICT system.
Has the ICT system actually
contributed to a reduction in the
movement of goods?
It is helpful to compare the current movement
of goods against the value before the
introduction of the ICT system.
Has the ICT system actually
contributed to effective use of your
office space?
It is helpful to compare the current use of
office space against the use of space before
the introduction of the ICT system.
Has the ICT system actually
contributed to a reduction in storage
space for goods?
It is helpful to compare the current storage
space against the space used before the
introduction of the ICT system.
Has the ICT system actually
contributed to an improvement in
operational efficiency?
It is helpful to compare the current
operational efficiency (e.g., productivity)
against the value before the introduction of
the ICT system.
Has the ICT system actually
contributed to a reduction in waste
production?
It is helpful to compare the current waste
production against
the Telecommunication
value before the
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introduction of the ICT system.
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5. Checklist /
Using an ICT system
in an eco-friendly way (2/2)
Example of monitoring the environmental burden of the ICT system
Environmental
burden
Before system
introduction
After system
introduction
(forecast)
After system
introduction
(actual results)
Paper consumption
_ sheets/year
_ sheets/year
_ sheets/year
Power consumption
of ICT devices
_ kWh/year
_ kWh/year
_ kWh/year
_- number of
_- number of
Movement of people
_-number of people
in a private car,
_ km/year
Movement of goods
Storage space
people in a
people in a
private car,
_ km/year
private car,
_ km/year
_-ton truck,
km/year
_-ton truck, _
km/year
_-ton truck, _
km/year
_ m2
_ m2
_ m2
6. Networks and Systems influencing
climate change (1/5)
Although ICT networks and systems emit CO2, they also
reduce direct CO2 output and have the additional capability of
enabling other sectors of society to reduce their carbon
footprint.
Energy MWh/Y Cost M€/Y (100k subs)
GPON Energy and Cost efficiency
1400
1200
80 % Energy
& Cost savings
By replacing
ADSL2+
With PON *)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
ADSL2+
Energy Consumption (MWh/y)
PON FTTH
• With the introduction of fiber
technology fixed networks gained
additional speed and increased
range while at the same time
reducing power consumption.
• The energy efficiency improvement
of fiber networks compared to
copper networks is tremendous.
Cost (k€/Y)
*) Costs for air conditioning are not considered
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6. Networks and Systems influencing
climate change (2/5)
Data Center
Data centers are being installed in line with the spread of broadband
access. It is generally considered that data centers improve the efficiency
of energy and resource consumption by consolidating distributed servers
and sharing the use of facilities. However, concerns have been raised that
the rising number of servers required to process the growing amount of
information will increase the power consumption.
To reduce CO2 emissions
Key Technology
•Low-power server platform
•Green OS
•Energy-aware virtual platform
•Green-grid middleware
•Auto-system management
•Dynamic Smart Cooling,etc
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6. Networks and Systems influencing
climate change (3/5)
Natural Cooling System
The base station is cooled using natural cold air during the winter
season which reduces the need for air conditioners. As a result, this
energy efficient cooling system saved more than 15% of energy.
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6. Networks and Systems influencing
climate change (4/5)
Tele-conferencing system
Introduction of ICT systems will help reduce the movement of people
using the traditional ways of travel. When the movement of people is
reduced, energy consumption from traditional ways of travel and CO2
emissions can be reduced..
Energy Consumption(GJ/year)
Evaluation Result
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Disposal
Use
Production
Conference on a trip
Video conference held
between Tokyo and
Yokohama, once a week
(48 times / year), one hour
each time, participated in
by two people from each
office
Video conference
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6. Networks and Systems influencing
climate change (5/5)
Home Networking
The implementation of ICT-enabled energy saving applications
minimizes the energy consumed by energy-hungry household
appliances.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI) has following features:
• The two-way fixed network and
associated systems for providing
advanced metering data and
energy management capability.
• Provides the capabilities to
improve data tracking above and
beyond Automated Meter
Reading (AMR) with the goal of
influencing energy usage.
Case: AIM architecture
• AMI can be incorporated into the
sensor and communication infra
of the intelligent micro-grid.
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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to
mitigate climate change (1/6)
This section introduces some of the key ITU-T
standards which can be applied toward
mitigating climate change.
It should be noted that the list of the ITU-T
standards that address climate change is not
limited by the technologies mentioned in this
section. There are other ITU-T standards that
can be applied.
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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to
mitigate climate change (2/6)
Next Generation Networks (NGNs)
NGNs are seen by many as the new network architecture that will unify
today’s fixed, mobile and broadcast networks.
NGN is expected to bring about greater energy efficiency than legacy
networks.
 NGNs providers and manufacturers should commit to reducing
power consumption through migration to NGN
 Making use of Multiple Power Modes in NGNs’ related
technology.
 Power consumption should be monitored in NGN devices to
encourage their most efficient use.
In turn, by improving the energy efficiency of ICTs,
NGNs can potentially make a significant contribution
in the battle against global warming.
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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to
mitigate climate change (3/6)
Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)
USN is a conceptual network built over existing physical networks
which make use of sensed data and provide knowledge services to
anyone, anywhere and at anytime, and where the information is
generated by using context awareness.
An overview of USN with related technical area
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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to
mitigate climate change (4/6)
Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)
Use-case:
Chung-gyeo-cheon Stream
in Seoul, Korea
Use-case:
Monitoring seashore and marine
environment in Jeju island, Korea
7. Use of ITU-T Standards to
mitigate climate change (5/6)
Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
ITS is one of the key technologies which can contribute to mitigating
climate change.
The ITU-T has published technical watch group reports on ITS, and in
collaboration with other SDOs started its studies on standardization in
SG 16.
 ITS is designed to achieve;
 Improvement of road safety and
reduction of traffic accidents –
 Increase of traffic efficiency;
 Improvement of freight and public
transportation efficiency;
 Reduction of CO2 emissions.
 Driver assist and management
Main elements of Green-ITS
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7. Use of ITU-T Standards to
mitigate climate change (6/6)
Tag-based Identification Applications and Services
RFID is a representative Tag-based identification system which uses
wireless communication technology to transmit the identifiers stored
in an RFID tag to an RFID terminal. An RFID can hold multiple
identifications for different purpose of wireless data communication,
which enhances the efficiency of the process of the identification.
Flow of lifecycle management
in logistics
Service model of after-sale
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