Rocks Unit P.94
Set Up Your Cornell Notes
Open your big red textbook to page 94.
Hand in your progress report
Late work is due, grades go in the computer
tomorrow.
Rocks Unit P.94
Standard IIIA: Earth Structure and Processes
The student will identify Earth’s composition, structure
and processes.
The student will classify and identify rocks and minerals
using characteristics including but not limited to
density, hardness and streak.
The student will describe the various processes and
interactions of the rock cycle.
Learning Objectives – Rocks & the
Rock Cycle
 Describe the rock cycle and each of its
processes.
 Describe the three types of rocks, how they
formed and how they are classified and
identified.
 Be able to identify rocks as either Igneous,
Metamorphic or Sedimentary.
There
is a hierarchy
to the
Atoms
make up elements.
elements of Geology
Elements combine to form
the natural compounds.
.
Natural compounds
and elements combine
to form minerals.
Minerals make up rocks.
Rocks make up the Earth.
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Chapter 4
 Rock -
a mixture of one or more minerals,
mineraloids, volcanic glass and/or organic
(living) matter
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Chapter 4
 The Rock Cycle:
Shows the processes by which Earth
materials change to form the 3 different
types of rocks.
Interactive Rock Cycle Animation
 http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scie
nce/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es06
02page02.cfm?chapter_no=investigation
Rocks
Igneous
Where Formed
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Layers?
Chemical Composition
Foliated
How Formed
Intrusive
Basaltic
Non-Foliated
Detrtital
Extrusive
Andesitic
Chemical
Granitic
Organic
Rocks
Igneous
Metamorphic
Chemical
Composition
Where
Formed
Basaltic
Gabbro
How
Formed
Layers?
Intrusive
Granite
Sedimentary
NonFoliated
Foliated
Basalt
Gabbro
Slate
Marble
Greenstone
Detrtital
Sandstone
Gneiss
Extrusive
Basalt
Rhyolite
Chemical
Andesitic
Andesite
Diorite
Shale
Limestone
Rock Salt
Organic
Granitic
Rhyolite
Granite
Chalk
Coal
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Chapter 4 Page. 96
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There are three main types of rocks:
1. Igneous – rocks formed from magma or lava
Classified based on
A. Origin (Where & How they formed)
–
Intrusive or Extrusive
B. Texture (size of crystals/grains)
C. Chemical (Mineral) composition.
– (Basaltic or Andesitic or Granitic)
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2. Metamorphic – rocks changed from heat and pressure deep underground
Classified based on their texture.
– (Foliated or Non-foliated)
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3. Sedimentary – rocks formed from compacted sediments
Classified based on the composition & origin of the sediments.
– (Detrital or Chemical or Organic)
Classifying Igneous Rocks
 IGNEOUS ROCKS - rocks that formed
from the cooling and crystallization of
magma or lava.
–
Igneous rocks are classified three ways;
1. by where they were formed (Intrusive or
Extrusive)
2. Texture (size of crystals)
Rhyolite
3. by their chemical composition. (Basaltic or
Andesitic or Granitic)
Igneous Rocks - Origin
 1. Extrusive igneous rocks (aka Volcanic rocks)
form at the earth's surface as lava cools.
– Forms small crystals (can’t see with naked eye).
– These rocks have a fine (small) crystalline texture.
– Examples
•
•
•
•
•
Basalt
Rhyolite
Scoria (no crystals)
Pumice (no crystals)
Obsidian (no crystals)
Igneous Rocks - Origin
 2. Intrusive igneous rocks (aka Plutonic Rocks)
form deep underground where magma cools
slowly.
– Forms large crystals to form that are easily seen.
– These rocks have a coarse (large) crystalline texture.
 Examples:
– Granite
– Gabbro
Igneous Rocks - Chemical Composition
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Igneous rocks are also classified by their
chemical composition.
1. Basaltic (aka Mafic) Igneous rocks
–
–
composed of mostly Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg).
dark and higher densities
Examples: Basalt, Gabbro
2. Andesitic Igneous rocks (aka Intermediate chemical
composition).
– Chemically In between granitic and basaltic.
Examples: Andesite, Diorite
3. Granitic (aka Felsic) Igneous rocks
–
composed mostly of Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O) and Aluminum
(Al).
– Light in color and lower density
Examples: Granite, Rhyolite
Igneous Rocks P. 93
Basaltic
Composition
Intermediate
Composition
Granitic
Composition
How do Metamorphic Rocks
Form? P. 110
 Set up Your Cornell Notes
 Open Your Text To Page 110.
 Hand in Classifying Igneous Rocks
 Progress Reports Due Thursday
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110
 Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed in form due
to heat, pressure, and chemical alteration deep underground.
– They are classified by the arrangement of the mineral grains
 1. FOLIATED – The mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel
bands or layers.
 Examples of foliated Metamorphic Rocks
– Slate
– Schist
– Gneiss
 2. NONFOLIATED - Mineral grains change, grow and rearrange
but don’t form bands.
 Examples of non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks
– Marble
– Quartzite
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110
 Metamorphic Rocks DO NOT MELT!
 Minerals can grow larger in size.
 Elements can rearrange and bond with
different elements in the rock to form
new minerals.
– Example : Pick up the Greenstone on your
desk
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110
 There are Levels of Metamorphism
–
–
–
–
Slate (less heat & pressure)
Phyllite
Schist
Gneiss (more heat & pressure)
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110
 Examples of rocks changing into met. Rocks due to
heat and pressure.
–
–
–
–
–
Shale (sed) changes to slate
Basalt (Ig) changes to schist
Basalt (Ig) can also change to greenstone
Sandstone (sed) changes into Quartzite
Slate (met) changes into phyllite (met) then schist (met)
then gneiss (met)
– Granite (Ig) changes into granite gneiss
Sedimentary Rocks P.102
 Hand in Metamorphic Rocks (assigned
Friday).
 Open Your Text To Page 102
 Set Up Your Cornell Notes
Sedimentary Rocks P. 102
 Sediments are broken pieces of rocks and
minerals.
– Clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobble, boulder are sizes of
sediments
 Weathering is the process of breaking rocks
into smaller pieces by wind, water, glaciers and
gravity.
 Erosion and deposition is the process of
MOVING (transporting) these materials.
Sedimentary Rocks P. 102
 Sedimentary Rocks form when sediments are
compacted (squeezed) and cemented (glued)
together.
 Sedimentary rocks can also be formed by
evaporation or precipitation from solution.
 Most sedimentary rocks are formed of layers of
materials that have washed into lakes, rivers,
and the ocean.
Sedimentary Rocks P. 102
 There are 3 groups of Sedimentary Rocks

 1. Clastic (detrital) Sedimentary Rocks
form from bits and pieces of other rocks.
 2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks consist
of minerals deposited from a solution.
 3. Organic Sedimentary Rocks consist of
organic matter such as plants and animal
remains.
Sedimentary Rocks
1. Detrital (Clastic) Sedimentary Rocks
 Rocks formed from the compaction and
cementation of sediments.
 Weathering and erosion by gravity, rivers,
ice/glaciers, wind, and waves carry sediment.
 Examples
– Conglomerate
– Sandstone
– Shale
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
2. Organic Sedimentary Rocks
 Organically-formed sedimentary rocks form from the
remains of plants and animals.
 Examples
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Fossil limestone
Coal
Coquina
Chalk
 Why can’t igneous or metamorphic rocks have fossils?
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
3. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
 Chemically-formed sedimentary rocks come from
minerals carried in solution into lakes and seas.
 The minerals that form the rock precipitate out or are
left when the solution evaporates.
 Examples
 Limestone (calcium carbonate)
 Gypsum (calcium sulfate)
 Salt (sodium chloride)
Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Chapter 4
PowerPoint Presentation
 You and your group will create a PowerPoint Presentation
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on three types of rock and the rock cycle.
Each member is responsible for completing the research
for the presentation using his/her textbook. Use the
handout provided and complete the outline. Each member
completes a section of the outline. All members then
review the information and check for accuracy.
All members work together in putting the information into
the slide show. *You cannot begin the show until your
research is completed.
Diagrams, examples and pictures of rocks can be added by
using the links on our web site.
Copy, Paste any pictures you use – do NOT save them on
the computer!
Save all work into your group’s folder.
Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Chapter 4
PowerPoint Presentation
Rubric for Scoring:
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Title Slide with names and group picture
Metamorphic rock is formed when
Types of metamorphic rock and definitions
Examples: picture and name (2)
Igneous rock is formed when
Types of igneous rock and definitions
Examples: picture and name (2)
Sedimentary rock is formed when
Types of sedimentary rock and definitions
Examples: picture and name (3)
The Rock Cycle explanation
Rock Cycle Diagram
Questions/Presentation
Total
Possible Earned
3 pts.
3 pts.
4 pts.
4 pts.
3 pts.
4 pts.
4 pts.
3 pts.
6 pts.
6 pts.
6 pts.
4 pts.
5 pts.
55 pts.
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Type your title here
 Group Name:
Members:
Metamorphic Rock by:
 Metamorphic rock is
formed when
 Types of metamorphic
rock:
 Examples:
Igneous Rock by:
 Igneous rock is
formed when
 Types of igneous rock:
 Examples:
Sedimentary Rock by:
 Sedimentary rock is
formed when
 Types of sedimentary
rock:
 Examples:
The Rock Cycle by:
 Explanation:
Questions by:
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 2.
 3.
Monday January 12, 2009

Get out your Roger rough draft.
–
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Due Today with Roger changing three times.
Underline sentence where Roger changes.
1.
Revisions: Re-read your paper (especially the
changes) and revise using Post-its (at least 3)
2. Mr Anderson will grade your rough draft TODAY!
3.
Final Paper AND rough draft are due Friday.