N. Sassaman – 2014
SAMS
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/weather-and-climate/tides.htm
Pages 32-33 in textbook
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

Tides occur mainly due to the difference in the force of gravity
between the moon and different parts of Earth.
http://www.wiley.com/college/strahler/0471480533/animations/ch19_animations/animation3.html ;
http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/motion/tides1.htm
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

When Earth, the sun, and the moon are in a straight line, a spring tide
occurs. When the moon is at a right angle to the sun, a neap tide occurs.
Full and New moons
Site 1:
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/media/supp_tide06a.html
Site 2:
http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/astro_demos/tides/neap_sp.html
First and Third quarter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
A – New, B – Waxing Crescent, C – First quarter,
D – Full, E – Waning Gibbous, F – Third quarter.
A and D – Spring Tide; C and F – Neap Tide
Neap
Eclipse
Penumbra
Tides
Umbra
Phase
Spring
Lunar (during a Full moon!!)
Solar (during a New moon!!)
Gravity
The following links are videos:
http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/ess05_vid_totaleclipse/
http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/ess05_vid_eclipse/
Packet page 10; Textbook pages 27-29
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth
and the sun, blocking sunlight from parts of Earth.
Site 1:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth
_science/terc/content/visualizations/es
2505/es2505page01.cfm
Site 2:
http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/SEpr
imer.html
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

During a lunar eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
Site 1:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_sc
ience/terc/content/visualizations/es2504/
es2504page01.cfm
Site 2:
http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/LEprime
r.html
Site 3: (video)
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/
news/eclipse-video.html
PENUMBRA – lighter part of the moon’s or
Earth’s shadow = PARTIAL ECLIPSE
LUNAR
SOLAR
UMBRA – darkest part of the moon’s
or Earth’s shadow = TOTAL ECLIPSE
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides
That is why we DO NOT
have an eclipse EVERY
full moon or new moon!!
http://www.history.com/shows/the-universe/videos/phases-of-the-moon#phases-of-the-moon
Pages 24-27 in textbook
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

The changing relative positions of the moon, Earth,
and sun cause the phases of the moon, eclipses, and
tides.
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides

The phase of moon you see depends on how much
of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth.
SUNLIGHT
WANNING
CRESCENT
LAST
QUARTER
What we see
from Earth
WANNING
GIBBOUS
NEW
FULL
WAXING
CRESCENT
FIRST
QUARTER
WAXING
GIBBOUS
HALF of the
moon is
ALWAYS lit by
the sun!!
- Phases, Eclipses, and Tides
The phase of
moon you
see depends
on how much
of the sunlit
side of the
moon faces
Earth.







Waxing – growing in size
Waning – shrinking in size
Gibbous – more than half but less than full
Crescent – curved shape ending in points
Full – entire sunlit side faces Earth
New – sunlit side faces away from Earth
Quarter – half the sunlight side faces Earth
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Waxing crescent
Full moon
Third (last) quarter
Waning crescent
First quarter
Waning gibbous
Waxing gibbous
New moon

The Moon’s Phases:
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/ani
mations/content/moonphase.html

Eclipses and Moon phases:
http://phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_
art/moon_phases_and_eclipses/index.html

Visualization from Earth and
Space:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science
/terc/content/visualizations/es2503/es2503pag
e01.cfm

Current Moon phase:
http://www.die.net/moon

Wonderville – Phases of
the Moon:
http://www.wonderville.ca/asset/phasesof-the-moon
p. 53 in textbook and p. 5-6 in packet (summary)
- Gravity and Motion

The strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends
on two factors: the masses of the objects and the distance
between them.
- Gravity and Motion

Newton concluded that two factors–gravity and inertia–
combine to keep the moon in orbit around Earth.
- Gravity and Motion
Question
What is gravity?
What is inertia?
Answer
Gravity is the force that
attracts all objects
toward one another.
Inertia is the tendency of
an object to resist a
change in motion.

BrainPOP – Gravity

BrainPOP – Newton’s laws of motion
Use the BrainPOP app on Surface

Why doesn’t the moon fall down?
http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/ess05_vid_moonorbit/

Gravity at Earth’s center:
http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/oer08_vid_gravitynsn/

Gravitational force between planets:
http://www.science-
animations.com/support-files/gravitasieplaneteb.swf

Earth-Moon system:
http://www.science-animations.com/support-
files/06aardemaan1.swf

Sun-Earth-Moon system:
http://www.science-animations.com/support-
files/07aardemaanson.swf

Your weight on other planets! http://www.exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/
1.
2.
3.
4.
The force of gravity on an object is known
as its weight.
All objects in the universe are attracted to
all other objects. The Earth and Moon are
large objects and therefore have a large
gravitational pull.
Once the ball is set into motion, it will
continue to move at same speed and
directions unless acted upon by an outside
force (friction).
The greater the distance between objects
the less the force of gravity.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
A push or pull.
Force that attracts all objects to each other.
Every object in the universe attracts every
other object.
The amount of matter in an object.
The force of gravity on an object (combined
with the object’s mass).
The tendency of an object to resist a change
in motion.
An object at rest will stay at rest and an
object in motion will stay in motion with a
constant speed and direction unless acted
on by a force.
p. 14-21 in textbook


Use the following PowerPoint, along with your textbook, to
take notes on p. 1 (Rotation vs. Revolution) and p. 3 (Seasons)
of your packet.
The PowerPoint contains many links to informational websites.
Some of these have sound (like BrainPOP) and some are
simply animations. Please investigate the websites fully as
you take notes.
- Earth in Space

Earth moves through space in two major
ways: rotation and revolution. (p. 15)




Earth’s spinning on its
axis.
Axis – imaginary line
that passes through
Earth’s center and the
N and S poles.
One rotation is just
under 24 hrs.
Rotation causes day
and night on Earth.




Site 1:
The movement of one
object around another.
Orbit – the Earth’s
path as it revolves
around the Sun.
One revolution is
365.25 days.
Earth revolving around
the Sun causes
seasons.
http://www.ictgames.com/dayNight/index.html
Video 1:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-oLJxjCzBg
- Earth in Space

Near the equator, sunlight strikes Earth’s
surface more directly and is less spread out
than near the poles. (p. 18)
North Pole
Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Equator
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
South Pole
- Earth in Space

Earth has seasons because it is tilted on its
axis as it revolves around the sun. (p. 19-21)
Site 1:
http://esminfo.prenhall.com
/science/geoanimations/ani
mations/01_EarthSun_E2.ht
ml
Site 2: (sound)
http://www.teachersdomain.
org/asset/ess05_int_seasons
game/
Site 3: (sound)
http://www.brainpop.com/sc
ience/earthsystem/solsticea
ndequinox/
Username: password:
17870
seals
Site 4:
http://www.teachersdomain.
org/asset/ess05_int_seawifs
/
- Earth in Space

The height of the sun above the horizon
varies with the season.
http://www.learner.org/jnorth/tm/mclass/eclipticsimulator.swf


Please complete p. 4 in your packet ‘Earth in Space’ as a
review of this material.
Thanks!!
On the following pages are a review of the notes from p. 3 and
answer key to p. 4

Caused by:
◦ The TILT of the Earth
◦ The REVOLUTION of the Earth around the Sun.

When it is one season in the Northern Hemisphere, it is the
‘opposite’ season in the Southern Hemisphere.
◦ Summer – Winter
◦ Fall - Spring




The Northern Hemisphere is tilted TOWARD the Sun; Southern
Hemisphere is tilted AWAY (winter for them!!)
The Sun’s rays are directly over the Tropic of Cancer (23.5⁰N
latitude).
Longer days and shorter nights for us in N. Hemisphere
Artic Circle (North pole) has 24 hrs. of daylight; Antarctic
Circle (South pole) has 24 hrs. of darkness.




The Northern Hemisphere is tilted AWAY from the Sun;
Southern Hemisphere is tilted TOWARD (summer for them!!).
The Sun’s rays are directly over the Tropic of Capricorn
(23.5⁰S latitude).
Shorter days and longer nights for us in N. Hemisphere
Artic Circle (North pole) has 24 hrs. of darkness; Antarctic
Circle (South pole) has 24 hrs. of daylight.




Equinox – mean ‘equal night’
Both N. and S. Hemispheres receive same amount of the
Sun’s energy! (neutral ‘tilt’ of Earth in relation to Sun)
The Sun’s rays are directly over the Equator (0⁰ latitude)
There are 12 hrs. of daylight and 12 hrs. of darkness in
both Hemispheres.
1.
2.
3.
Winter
A – overhead; B – low in
sky (horizon); C – no Sun
(dark)
Sunset – Earth rotates
counterclockwise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
d
c
g
f
a
b
h
e