Intro to
Animals
Animals
Invertebrates
(animals without a backbone)
• Porifera
• Cnidaria
• Worms
• Mollusks
• Echinoderms
• Arthropods
Animals
VertebratesAnimals with backbones:
• Fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Birds
• Mammals
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
1. Are ____________________
EUKARYOTES
cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles
HETEROTROPHIC
2. Are ____________________
get food from consuming other organisms
MULTICELLULAR
3. Are ____________________
made of many cells
SPECIALIZATION
4. Show __________________
different kinds of cells do different jobs
Characteristics of ALL Animals: (cont)
MOVE
5. _____________
(at some point in life cycle)
for food, find mates, escape danger
DNA
6. Contain _____________
which carries the genetic code
REPRODUCE
7. ____________________
Make offspring
Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)
The 10 Body
Systems :
10 Body Systems : (cont)
1. _____________________
INTEGUMENTARY
OUTSIDE BODY COVERING
(fur, skin, scales, feathers)
Covers and protects, ID,
prevents heat & water loss
10 Body Systems : (cont)
DIGESTIVE
2. _________________
Breaks down food to
obtain nutrients
&
gets rid of
undigested waste
NO OPENINGS:
Food enters through skin
Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE
OUT through same opening
Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif
Two openings:
FOOD IN at one end (mouth)
WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)
Two openings: Most efficient
If food flows only in one direction, it
allows for organ specialization.
(Different parts can start to do different jobs)
10 Body Systems : (cont)
3. __________________
CIRCULATORY
Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells
Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste
away from cells
Circulatory fluid can be:
inside blood vessels = _________
CLOSED
loose inside body spaces = _______
OPEN
10 Body Systems : (cont)
4. ___________________
RESPIRATORY
Exchange gases with the
environment
•take in oxygen
•get rid of waste gases
(CO2 &/or ammonia)
Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif
10 Body Systems : (cont)
5. ___________________
EXCRETORY
• Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
•
Help with HOMEOSTASIS (balance)
by maintaining water/ion balance
(_________________________)
OSMOREGULATION
10 Body Systems : (cont)
SKELETAL
6. ___________________
Framework to support body/protection
ENDOSKELETON
Skeleton on inside = _______________
Skeleton on outside = _______________
EXOSKELETON
10 Body Systems : (cont)
MUSCULAR
7. _______________
Locomotion- move body itself
OR
move substances through body
(EX: food through digestive system;
blood through vessels)
10 Body Systems : (cont)
8. _____________________
REPRODUCTIVE
Produce offspring by combining
genetic material from 2 parents
= __________________________
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Produce offspring using genetic
material from only 1 parent
=_____________________________
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Sperm and egg join
External fertilization
outside female’s body = ___________________
Sperm and egg join
inside female’s body = ____________________
Internal fertilization
10 Body Systems : (cont)
NERVOUS
9. ___________________
Receive sensory info
about environment
&
send response signals
10 Body Systems : (cont)
ENDOCRINE
10. __________________
Make hormones
that regulate
other body systems
(only in higher animals)
Kinds of Symmetry
No symmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
ASYMMETRY
___________________
No symmetry
Doesn’t matter
how you cut it;
you never get 2
identical halves.
Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm
Radial Symmetry
_______
Get more than 2 identical halves
in several directions.
Bilateral
___________
Symmetry
If divide animal down
the middle you get 2
mirror images
BUT only divides
equally in ONE
direction
EMBRYOLOGY
Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Becomes
digestive
system
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
1. Where does the BLASTOPORE end up?
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
ANIMALS
PROTOSTOMES
DEUTEROSTOMES
Blastopore becomes
MOUTH
Blastopore becomes
ANUS
ALL INVERTEBRATES
except ECHINODERMS
ALL VERTEBRATES
(Fish, amphibians, birds,
reptiles, mammals)
plus ECHINODERMS
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
EMBRYOLOGY
Echinoderms
________________
are the “exception to the
rule”!
They are INVERTEBRATES
but their embryos act like
_________________________
DEUTEROSTOMES
EMBRYOLOGY - cont
GERM LAYERS
All animals except sponges, jellyfish,
anemones have 3 germ layers in their
embryos.
Endoderm: Digestive system,
respiratory
Mesoderm: Muscle, excretory, bones,
circulatory
Ectoderm: Outer skin, brain, nervous
system
Types of Coeloms (See-Lums)
1. ACOELOM = “without space”
No cavity (space) around organs
FLATWORMS are
ACOELOMATES!
Types of Coeloms (cont)
2. PSEUDOCOELOM
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm
Space around organs but only lined with
mesoderm on one side
(lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)
ROUND WORMS are
PSEUDOCOELOMATES!
Types of Coeloms (cont)
3. EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm
EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space)
lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm
EUCOELOMATES
ALL
VERTEBRATES &
SOME
INVERTEBRATES
3 Types of Coeloms
ACOELOM
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
EUCOELOM
PSEUDOCOELOM
Advantages of having a
COELOM (body space):
Provides space for internal organs
In animals without a skeletonFluid in coelom space can act as a
HYDROSTATIC skeleton
In animals without blood vesselsFluid in coelom space can circulate
nutrients and oxygen to cells
Which way is up?
ANTERIOR
head end
DORSAL (top)
CAUDAL (tail)
POSTERIOR
tail end
VENTRAL
(underneath)
Aboral
Plantar
Away from the mouth in
organisms with no distinct
front or back sides.
CEPHALIZATION
________________
Concentration of nervous
tissue and sensory organs
in anterior end of an
organism (head area)