PAPWH FIRST
SEMESTER
EXAM
REVIEW
Significance of 1215
 Signing of the Magna Carta.
 Theory of limiting the power of the king.
 Establishment of an elected representative body
 Guarantee of individual rights.
Feudal Contract
 A set of unwritten rules that
determined the relationship between
a lord and his vassal.
Christian Humanist
believed
 If the people read the classics, and
especially the basic works of
Christianity, they would become
more pious.
Lutheranism
 Was the first protestant faith.
Ignatius Loyola
 Founded the Society of Jesus, also
known as the Jesuits.
Humanist
 The movement had a profound effect on
education.
Desiderius Erasmus
 Best known of all Christian humanists
Ninety-five Thesis
 Martin Luthers’s publication attacked
the abuses in the sale of indulgences,
beginning the Protestant Reformation.
Calvin Vs. Luther
 Agreed on doctrines:
 Who spoke better German
 The leadership of the Catholic Church
 The sale of indulgences.
Final decrees of the
Council of Trent
 Reaffirmed traditional Catholic
teachings in opposition to Protestant
beliefs.
Magna Carta
 Makes provisions for an elected representative
governing body.
 Protects the rights of individual citizens.
 Separates religious from political authority.
Black Death
 Was a catalyst that brought Europe out of the Middle
Ages and into the Renaissance by causing a
restructuring of:
 Social structures
 Economic systems
 Political systems.
Renaissance Education
 Critical component of a Renaissance person for all of
the following reasons
 It allow a human being to reach their full potential
 It gives a person the ability to think and reason
 It has the potential to change human beings
Henry VIII
 Why did Henry VIII of England ask the pope for a
divorce?
 He wanted a wife who would bear a son.
Protestant Movement
 Anabaptists
 John Calvin
 Ulrich Zwingli
 Henry VIII
Inuit
 The major civilization in Mesoamerica
existed prior to the arrival of Columbus.
Defeat of the Inca
 Despite the overwhelming numerical advantage in the
Encounter between the Spaniard Francisco Pizarro
and the Inca ruler Atahuallapa, the Spanish were able
to defeat the Inca because.
 Guns
 Steel swords
 horses
Smallpox & Measels
 These microbes were the true cause of
the demise of the Mesoamerican
civilization.
Aztec Empire
 Religious practice of human sacrifice
 Ruler believed to be descended from the
gods
 Polytheistic religious system
Kublia Khan
 Grandson of Chinggis Khan and
Mongol ruler of China
Marco Polo
 European traveler who went to China
Summa Theologica
 The work of Thomas Aquinas which
argued for the logical proof of the
existence of God
Black Death
 The series of plagues which swept
through Europe and killed half of the
population
Urban
 Cities
Secular
 Non-religious
Humanism
 The belief in the development of the
human intellect and potential
95 Thesis
 Reforms that were proposed to help
bring an end to the corruption of
the Catholic Church
Machivelli
 Argued for the unrestrained use of
power
John Calvin
 Teacher of the doctrine of
predestination
Martin Luther
 German monk who’s call for reform led
to the Protestant Reformation
Henry VIII
 King of England who rebelled against
the Pope and started the Anglican
church
Kievan Rus
 Scandinavian trading post and the
beginning of civilization of Russia
Commercial Capitalism
 Economy based on the use of money