PHOTOSYNTHESIS
“PHOTOSYNTHESIS NOT FUNNY”
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HRGRHTW9S1S
IT’S ALL IN THE CHLOROPLAST!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS IN CHLOROPLASTS
IN LEAVES OF GREEN PLANTS
**The green pigment chlorophyll traps the sun’s energy
**A series of reactions use this radiant energy and converts
it to chemical energy
CHEMICAL EQUATION FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Along with energy from the sun, six molecules
of carbon dioxide react with six molecules of
water to form 1 molecule of glucose and six
molecules of oxygen.
RATES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ARE AFFECTED BY:
Availability of Water
(a Reactant)
Available Nutrients
(Needed for proper
growth and
development)
Sunlight availability
(Energy source);
greater the amount
of sunlight, the
greater the rate…to
a point
Carbon Dioxide
Gas Availability
(A Reactant;
great amount
increases rate..to
a point
pH of water
and soil
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
 Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration. Both
produce ATP. How much depends on oxygen levels!
1.) Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is available and is more
efficient than anaerobic. The process produces a great deal of
ATP (about 36) which gives you energy!!
2.) Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is no available oxygen.
It is less efficient than aerobic as only 2 ATP molecules are
produced
WHAT IS ATP???
•
•
•
•
Stands for adenosine triphosphate
Bonds between phosphates of ATP
have a great deal of stored energy
When a bond breaks, by an
enzyme (ATPase), energy is
released and can be used in cell
processes
After the molecule loses it’s
phosphate, another enzyme (ATP
synthase) bonds another
phosphate creating another ATP
molecule!
Sugar molecule
called Ribose
Adenine
Molecule
3 Phosphates
AEROBIC RESPIRATION IN THE MITICHONDRIA
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
 Occurs when cells need energy
 Glucose polymers (such as in your glycogen, or a plant’s starch) are broken
down into smaller, glucose molecules
 The glucose molecules are then broken down in a series of more reactions
that create energy in the form of ATP
 For every glucose molecule, about 36 ATP are produced!
Energy!!!
(About 36
ATP)
(1 glucose molecule + 6 oxygen molecules yields 6 carbon dioxide molecules,
6 water molecules and ATP
RATES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION ARE AFFECTED BY:
Temperature; as it
increases, the rate
increases…to a
point (too hot and
enzymes
denature!)
Available oxygen
– greater levels
increase the
process, but not
too much!!
pH – depends
on the
environment
the cell that is
respiring is in!
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
• 2 Types; both occur in the cytosol of the cytoplasm
1.) Alcoholic Fermentation (from yeast and plants; top
equation)
2.) Lactic Acid Fermentation (in animals; bottom
equation) makes your muscles sore during exercise
***If you look at both reactions, there is no oxygen as
reactant!!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND AEROBIC CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
• Photosynthesis makes the food, and requires energy
while cellular respiration breaks it down and gives off
energy! (ATP)
• The equations are opposite!! But the sun is not needed
for cellular respiration!
Sugar (Glucose)
Sugar
(Glucose)
*Cycle of the
two processes