Fiber ID Guide Fall 2011 * * Plain weave pattern * Manufactured * Odorless when you burn it * Resistant to heat & fire * Neutral * Fiberglass is usually used as the outer layer of casts Chemicals Reaction Acetone N/A Bleach N/A NaOH N/A HCl N/A H2SO4 N/A Daria Capaldi SPANDEX BY JULIA WALSH Synthetic Fiber Stretchy material No real weave pattern, more of just fibers melted together Almost like rubber When burned it melts Has a chemical odor Acid or Base – N/A Other chemical reactions – N/A Interesting use Zentai suit, full body spandex suit No real purpose Manufactured Fiber Burning • Will burn after the flame is put away, • It has an odor similar to burning paper • It does not have and afterglow when it is pulled away form the fire, cotton does. • • Acids • Rayon is composed of cellulose fiber, made of natural occurring polymers. • When burning it will burn acid gases , making it an ACID Chemical Solutions • Bleach: Discharge Color • Acetone: resistant to acetone • Weak base: Resistant to weak bases • HCL: Color changing • H2SO4: Resistant, only a slight change in color It is usually fond in apparel and home furniture. Low wet strength, it might shrink when wet. Acetate (man made) • • • Very fine and thin strands Plain weave pattern When burnt it actually melts and smells like vinegar and burning wood • Decomposition: weak acid • Will completely dissolve in acetone - Might oxidize and ignite with the air in bleach - It does not react with sodium hydroxide - It will be disintegrated entirely by both hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid - Besides cloth acetate fibers are used in cigarette butts Tim and Brian • • • • • • • Blended laminated Nonwoven cloth Man-made fiber: Produced by matting, condensing, and pressing woolen fibers ACID When burning: smells like burnt hair Reaction nearing flame: instantly ignites Behavior in flame: Burns for some time Chemical Reaction Acetone No Change: Absorbs liquid Bleach No Change: Absorbs liquid NaOH No Change: Absorbs liquid HCL Color change H2SO4 No Change: Absorbs liquid **Felt is used everywhere from the automotive industry, to musical instruments and home construction** Silk Tight weave fabric, straight fiber Burnt-smells like burnt hair Begins to melt as soon as it nears flame Catch on fire when placed in flame Goes out as soon as it leaves flame “Base” fiber Chemical testing Jennifer Carr Bleach-turn yellow Acetone-do nothing NaOH-turn brown HCL-brighter color H2SO4-brighter color Used to make parachutes in WWII Bamboo Fibers can be woven into any number of materials and fabrics Smells like burned grass/wood Takes a long time to light and burns steadily and consistently “Base” or “Acid” depending on what type of soil it grows in Chemical tests Jennifer Carr Bleach-bleach out the color and destroy the fiber Acetone-no effect NaOH-separate the fibers HCL-slight bubbling H2SO4-hardens fibers Bamboo can be made into sheets similar to silk, satin, and Egyptian cotton without many of the undesired qualities Burlap Plain Weave Resembles a checkered board The warp and weft are interchangeable Burlap is a form of Jute Tendency to fray at the edges Manufactured Artificial Continuous When burning smells like wood burning Acid In the firer it burns very slowly and it keeps burning till there is nothing left except for ash • Burlap is used for potato sacks that are used in potato sack races • • • • • • • • • • • Sarah Strauss Fiber Acetone Bleach NaOH HCL H2SO4 Burlap Shrinks The fiber breaks up and changes color to purple Completel y changes color and absorbs Color purple Changes color purple Acrylic • • • • • • • Airplane windows are made out of acrylic Synthetic Neutral When near a flam it fuses and shrinks In the flame it flares puckers and melts Leaving the flame it continues to burn and melt It smells like burnt plastic Fiber Acetone Bleach NaOH HCL H2SO4 Acrylic n/a n/a yellowish n/a n/a OLEFIN • • • • • • • Synthetic fiber Twill weave Low flammability In flame it melts Smells like burning plastic It is a neutral Used in rugs, rope, and vehicle interior Acetone Bleach NaOH Break up Starts to Breaks break up up/ absorbs HCL H2SO4 Soaks up Nothing COTTON • • • • • • Has a plain weave and straight fibers Smells like a scented candle when burned In fire it completely burns It is an acid It comes from a plant The cotton hulls are used for fertilizer, fuel, and packing. Acetone Bleach NaOH HCl H2SO4 No change Soaks some of it up It breaks up It soaks it up No change Jute • Natural fiber • • • • • • ▫ Vegetable fiber Weave: plain weave Frayed when cut Smoke smells like burning wood Burns slowly Acid Chemical tests ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Acetone-breaking apart a lot Bleach- change to a yellowish color NaOH- no reaction HCl- no reaction H2SO4-no reaction **woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum Polyester • • • • • • • Synthetic Fiber Weave: Satin weave Straight when cut Smells like melted plastic when burning Burns fast **polyester is used for insulating Acid material for houses Chemical tests ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Acetone- no reaction Bleach- no reaction NaOH- breaking apart HCl- no reaction H2SO4- no reaction Hemp Claudia Drinnan Plain weave, straight pattern Smells like incense; natural smell Hemp burns when in fire, shrivels up and blackens Acid Natural How it reacts in: Acetone: no change Bleach: lost color NaOH: no change HCl: no change H2SO4 : no change Hemp can be used in detergent, jewelry, body care products, art supplies, food products, paper and biomass fuels LINEN Description Weave Regular fire smell Caught on fire quickly and burns quick Acid Acetone –unraveling Bleach- very foggy NaOH, HCl, and H2SO4- no reaction Interesting fact Used in loafers KEVLAR Description Very tight weave pattern Smells like burning paper when burnt Takes awhile to catch on fire Base Acetone- partially dissolves the substances Bleach- Slowly decomposes NaOH- Deteriorates the fibers individually HCL- No reaction H2SO4- No reaction Interesting Use Used in shelters for protection against tornadoes and high forced winds. Canvas Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, backpacks, and other items for which sturdiness is required. It is also popularly used by artists as a painting surface, typically stretched across a wooden frame. It is also used in such fashion objects as handbags and shoes. Modern canvas is usually made of cotton or linen, although historically it was made from hemp. It differs from other heavy cotton fabrics, such as denim, in being plain weave rather than twill weave. Canvas comes in two basic types: plain and duck. The threads in duck canvas are more tightly woven. Canvas burns very slowly and it is not easy to put out. When it is burned it smells like burned paper. Canvas is an acid. Over 3 under 1 weave pattern. Man-made. Fiber Bleach Acetone Weak Base HCl H₂SO₄ Canvas Nothing Nothing Got Lighter Nothing Nothing Weave pattern is clean cut and straight. Smells like burnt plastic It burns quickly and disintegrates. Nylon is a base, both litmus papers turned blue. Nylon Acetone Bleach NaOH HCl H2SO4 N/A N/A Fell apart N/A N/A Nylon Jacket Nylon is used in panty hose Individual Nylon Fiber Weave pattern is clean cut and straight. Smells vinegar, burning wood. It burns easily, flickers then melts. The litmus papers are both red, which means it is an acid. Acetone Triacetate translucent, disitegrates Bleach NaOH HCl H2SO4 N/A N/A N/A N/A Used in Dresses, coats and sports apparel. Triacetate Fiber Triacetate Suit Bryan Fink Tim Rainey Description: Man-made Smell when Burning: Something overcooked in an over (burnt) How it reacts/burns in fire: Burned at a slow pace and it didn't completely disintegrate leaving black residue at the bottom of the test tube. Decomposition: Base Reaction in all test solutions: It had no reaction in every single test solution except for the Bleach which caused the fiber to bubble and fizz. Interesting Fact: In addition to clothing, wool has been used for blankets, horse rugs, saddle cloths, carpeting, felt, wool insulation, and upholstery