Energy Savings
Opportunities in Controls,
Lighting, Air Conditioning,
Water Heating and
Refrigeration
Chuck Thomas, P.E. CEM
Lead Engineer
Benefits of Energy Conservation
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Savings add directly to bottom line
Reduced emissions
Reduced effluent
Conserves resources
Reduced maintenance
Improved comfort
Provides bragging rights
First Step - Define your Baseline
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Perform an Energy Survey
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Graph utility usage verses weather and
occupancy
Review utility rates
Benchmark your facility verses similar facilities
Lighting
Water/sewer & water heating
Heating and cooling
Evaluate controls
Usage and Billing Data
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Graph usage
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Electric kWh, kW, $, average $/kWh
 Fuel usage, $, $/therm
 Water/sewer usage, $, $/Ccf or 1,000 gallons
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Cost per square foot
Cost per occupied room
Cost per meal
Usage verses weather data
Energy Usage
KW and Degree Days
KWH Used
90,000
600
80,000
500
70,000
400
60,000
300
50,000
200
40,000
100
30,000
20,000
0
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
KWH Usage
Weather
KW Demand
Hi-rise Hotel Energy Segments
Maximum KW
57%
12 Story - 665 Rooms
6%
14%
15%
8%
Area
HVAC Common
HVAC Rooms
Lighting Common
Lighting Rooms
Miscellaneous
Totals
Highest Peak KW
Average Peak KW
Lowest Peak KW
Average KW
49%
Maximum KW
220.3
899.7
98.3
240.8
132.0
1,591
1,322
1,066
787
20% to 35% common area usage
20%
9%
11%
11%
Typical Lodging Electric Usage
Typical Lodging Electric Distrubtion
10%
4%
58%
28%
HVAC
Lighting
Water Heating
Miscellaneous
Typical
Room
Electric
Energy
Usage per
year
$450
$400
$350
$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
$0
PTAC's
Lighting
Misc.
Annual Hotel Electric Bill per Room
11 Orlando Hotels - Properties were from 141
rooms to 1,020 rooms
Large Convention Ctr
4 Restaurants + 750
rooms
$1,651
$1,800
$1,600
$0.80 to $4.52 per room per night
$1,409
$1,400
$1,213 246 rooms
$1,200
$863
$1,000
$800
$600
$400
$200
$0
$587
$480
$463
$857
$632 141 rooms
$561
245 rooms
$293 Small Convention Ctr
+ 1,020 rooms
Rates
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Understand the terms
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What are your options
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Demand, energy, power factor, load factor,
hours of use, ratchets, kVAr, kVA, Ccf, therms,
etc
Varies with utility and usage
Calculate bill under rate options
Lighting Audit
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Determine cost per room per month & day
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Represents 20-30% of electric billing
 30-40% savings potential in lighting
T8’s
- up to 40% savings (more light than 34 watt)
Compacts - up to 75% savings and longer life
LED exit signs - up to 90 % savings and longer life
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Savings in A/C
Less
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heat to remove
Maintain lighting foot-candles at IES
standards
Water/Sewer & Water Heating
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Determine cost per room per month & day
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Check for and repair leaks
 Deduct meters on cooling tower make-up
 Low gallon per flush toilets
 Lower gpm shower heads
Customer
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acceptable models
Efficient water heaters
 Insulated piping
 Consider heat recovery from refrigeration, A/C
Heating & Cooling
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Unoccupied room usage
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temperature set back - 30% savings of HVAC
Window treatments
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Films, low Summer Heat Gain Coefficient
SHGC windows, awnings, sun screens
 Drapery use - 30% savings of HVAC if used
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Replace with high SEER, HSPF
Book rooms with lowest HVAC cost first
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Lowest solar exposure - summer
 Lowest envelope exposure - winter
Refrigeration
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Estimate operating cost
Check
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temperature settings
seals, door alignment
coil condition
location of condensers
defrost controls
Replace with high efficiency systems
Run only what is necessary
Controls
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Check for proper operation
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note complaints
Training of personnel
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temperature settings
 draperies
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Consider Energy Management Systems
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Documents usage
 Documents operation
 Automates controls
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Establish Energy Awareness Campaign
Energy Awareness Campaign
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Shows management commitment
Reward system for each departments
participation in meeting goals
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Recognition for enthusiastic support
 Dinner coupons or room night coupons for
leadership role in meeting goals
 Department with highest savings rewarded
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Internal newsletter needs to highlight
progress towards goals
Financial backing for low-cost fast payback
projects
Energy Awareness Campaign:
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Select attainable goals
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Based on energy audit and benchmarking
Reduce average kWh monthly usage by
X% (compared to last year, weather neutralized)
Reduce average gallons of water monthly
usage by y% (compared to last year)
Reduce average Gas monthly usage by
z% (compared to last year)
Review
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Understand your usage
Look for changes
Keep up on maintenance
Install high efficient lighting, water heating
and HVAC systems
Reduce water usage
Insure proper controls and operation
Establish an Energy Awareness Program
Summary - Significant benefits are
possible by implementing conservation
programs
 Show them the money
 Document the other savings
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Reduced emissions
Reduced effluent
Conserved water, fuel
Reduced maintenance
Improved comfort
Brag