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Germany
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Italy
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Japan
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Britain
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France
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Soviet Union
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USA

Nazi Germany and USSR sign a non-aggression pact in 1939
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In 1939 Hitler and Stalin have a meeting and sign a non-aggression pact between
Nazi Germany and the Soviet
Union
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Stalin knew that Hitler hated communism but still signed the treaty
► because he knew that Hitler was planning to attack Poland and
Stalin wanted in land in eastern
Poland
Poland

By 1939 – Nazi Germany either controlled or was allied with these countries

September 1939 Germany Invades Poland. Britain and
France declare war on Germany. WWII Begins

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1. what were some features of the Maginot Line?
2. Was the Maginot line a waste?
3. Describe what the Germans did to take Fort
Eben Emael
4. Why didn’t the French heavily defend the
Ardennes Forest?
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5. What did the French officer who committed suicide say?
6. Why didn't thousands of British, French and
Belgium soldiers die or get captured at Dunkirk?
7. Approximately, how many British, French and
Belgium soldiers were rescued?

► Britain and France had recently “appeased” Hitler and hoped that he wasn’t going to take anymore land
► In August of 1939 the
Germans started a build up of troops on the Polish border
► Both Britain and France declared that they would go to war if Hitler attacked Poland

► On September 1, 1939 Germany launched a blitzkrieg (lightning war) against Poland.
► This was the official start of WWII
► This made England and France declare war on
Germany but they could not help Poland. Poland surrendered in 3 weeks

“lightning warfare
Super Fast invasion of planes bombing strategic places
Paratroopers dropping behind enemy lines
Thousands of tanks smashing through defensive positions

► German tanks
► German air force

► After the invasion of
Poland in 1939 the rest of
Europe was waiting for
Hitler’s next move
► And Waited they did
► October, Nov., Dec., Jan.,
Feb. March (6months)
► French and British soldiers just sitting in the bunkers of the Maginot Line waiting for the German attack

WW.W II EUROPE 1939-1945
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Notes: name:
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Maginot Line
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Ft. Eben Emael
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Ardennes Forest
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Junker (airplane)
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BEF (British
Expeditionary Force)
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Dunkirk

► Maginot Line : a thousand mile, multi-billion dollar defense line on the French /German border containing thousands of cannons, tank traps, ammunition depots, rail lines, hospitals

► The wait ended on April
9, 1940
► Hitler launched a massive blitzkrieg against Denmark and bombed their major cities.
► The Danish King surrendered his country in 4 hours in attempt to save lives.

► Next was Norway.
► Norway put up a stiff resistance and had many resistors throughout the war
► But within 2 months
Norway was defeated

► In May the Nazi war machine moved into the countries of the
Netherlands and
Belgium
► In 2 weeks in a was pretty was done and
Hitler was preparing for his assault on
France
Dunkirk

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France;
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- A world power, -
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-Britain’s major ally, surrenders in only 3 weeks!
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3 WEEKS !

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Poland- 3 weeks
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Denmark- 4 hours
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Norway- 2 months
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Netherlands and
Belgium- 2 weeks
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France- 3 weeks
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Who’s Next?

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Winston Churchill the
British Prime Minister during WWII?
SWAG
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Hitler asked Churchill for a non-aggression treaty and Churchill told him to ________
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“We will NEVA
SURRENDA!”

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“we will neva surrenda”

► Winston Churchill…
► The Luftwaffe…
► Technological advances that helped the
British were…
► The RAF…
► Terror bombing…
► The reason Hitler called off the invasion was…
► The Battle of Britain is important because…

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August 1940 – April 1941
Hitler wanted the Luftwaffe to gain
“air superiority” over the channel and southern England before launching his amphibious invasion
At first Luftwaffe bombers caused significant damage - bombing British airplane factories and shipyards
Brits regularly heard air raid sirens and retreated to solid steel underground bunkers to sleep in at night. Children were moved to agriculture areas in the north
Britain was helped by its wide array of radar towers that are set up all over southern England
But England’s biggest and best weapon is its knowledge of the German code due to years of work by brilliant code breakers that had come upon a German military
“Enigma” code-making machine
Throughout the war, the British always knew what the Germans were going to do as a result of this knowledge. Great lengths were required to ensure that the
Germans would never find out that their code had been figured out

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Bombing the heart of cities
(historic buildings, houses, churches)
► to terrorize a country and break their will to fight

Radar Towers and an “enigma machine”
(code machine) which helped the British create “Ultra” a powerful code-breaking computer so that the British always knew what the Germans were going to do

(Royal Air Force) Britain’s Air force

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In September of 1940 the British bombed the German capital Berlin.
This act infuriated Hitler and caused him to switch his strategy to bombing cities and civilians centers
The goal in terror bombing is attempt to break the will of your opponents desire to fight
Try to kill many innocent people and destroy famous and historic buildings so that it demoralizes a nation
Luftwaffe bombers dropped tons of bombs destroying major parts of many of England’s bigger cities
However, on each raid, the
Luftwaffe would lose planes to RAF fighters and anti-aircraft artillery so they decided to switch to night bombing
Brits spent many nights sleeping in subways and air raid shelters

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Each Raid both sides would lose planes
Planes are expensive!
Germany was losing 10 -20 airplanes in every raid
One raid the Germans lost over
30 planes!
► yes, they were trading but
England’s factories were replacing planes faster than the
Germans could
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Frustrated Hitler called off plans for his invasion of Britain to concentrate his military’s power for a spring invasion of the
Soviet Union

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Total civilian losses for England stood at 23,000 killed and 35,000 wounded
The RAF lost 1087 planes but the Luftwaffe lost 1,652!
During this time period British factories turned out some 2354 new aircraft while German manufacturers only made about 1, 000 new airplanes
It was the first “loss” for Hitler and the Nazi war machine
Britain’s heroics made a huge psychological statement to the rest of the world
The Nazi war machine COULD be beaten!
Also, as a result of the victory public opinion in the US began to change where it was once thought that Britain could not withstand Germany’s massive firepower and would eventually surrender
The British victory over the Nazis is held in the same esteem as Waterloo
(the defeat of Napoleon) and is celebrated yearly
Most importantly, the end of the Battle of Britain allowed the UK to rebuild its military forces as establish itself as an allied stronghold from which to launch bombing raids and the eventual British/US D-Day invasion of Normandy, France
Had Britain surrendered – most believe that the 20 century would’ve played out much differently

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Why would Hitler
Invade USSR?
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Because…

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(living space for the master race)
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Nazis wanted to destroy communism
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Resources: Russia had oil, wheat and coal
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Russia had the most Jews
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Europe can have only 1 master

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Paragraph #1
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A. Operation Barbarossa
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B. the invasion was delayed for years
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C. the general goals for the invasion
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Paragraph #2
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A. the German front line was 1,000 miles long
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B. description of the 3 main parts of the invasion
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C. When Hitler planned to be finished by

Yugoslavia and Greece fought and lost in about 2 weeks
Hungary, Romania, and
Bulgaria were “persuaded” to join the Nazis

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Largest invasion in
History
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3 speared attack
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Leningrad, Moscow
Stalingrad
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Russians destroye d their own country trying to stop the Germans
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The winter froze the
Germans
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Germany lost 2/3 of its army
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Russia lost 20 million but still won

1.The 3 cities that Germany went after were….
2. Scorched earth policy means…
3. In Leningrad…
4. Hitler wanted Stalingrad because….
5. The Russian winter…
6. The Battle of Stalingrad….

The “key” or goal of fighting in North
Africa was…
During WWII Mussolini and Italy…
Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria…
Greece in WWII…
The battle of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) …
Russian winters….
Germany lost ________ in the Battle for
Russia

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Leningrad 1941-1944
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Germans surrounded the city for 3 years
► bitter cold
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No food
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People ate dogs, cats
► rats, humans
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Over a million Russians dead
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But the Russians never surrendered

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Moscow 1941-1943
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Germans got within
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A hundred miles of
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Moscow
► again bitter cold (-30)
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Gasoline in the tanks
► froze, guns jammed
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Russians counter attacked
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Germans lost over
500,000
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Moscow was never taken

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Stalingrad
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Hitler wanted Stalingrad
► for the oil in the area
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But more because it bore the name “Stalin”
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July 1942-Feb 1943
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90% of city destroyed
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Germans lost 200,000
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And 91,000 Germans
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Surrendered –
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Russians loss 2 million
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Turning point of the war

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Largest tank battle in history
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Hitler trying to destroy the brunt of
Russia’s main military
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After 11 days the
German offensive was halted
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Germany lost 1,000 tanks and 200,000 men
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Hitler’s final attempt at victory had failed

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It’s called The Great Patriotic
War to save the motherland not
WWII
Russia lost 20 million! in comparison – Germany 7 mill, USA 400 thous – Britain 300 thous, japan 5 mill
Their entire country was destroyed – land burnt, dams destroyed, cities thrashed, no one went to school – everyone participated in the war effort
THEY defeated Hitler
THEY destroyed 70% of the
German military
THEY took the German capital of
Berlin and made Hitler kill himself
THEY have Hitler’s ashes and skull

“Lebensraum”: living space (for the master race)
“Borders are made by man and changed by man” – Adolf Hitler
“borders are just silly lines that politicians draw on maps”
“the master race will decide what their borders will be not the League of
Nations”

(‘Designated Day’ – the day that were are invading)
AKA – “OPERATION OVERLORD”

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(Britain, US, and Canada)
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Largest amphibious invasion in history
2 years of planning
5,000 ships
150,000 men
13,000 paratroopers
Tons of bombing
Massive deception (fake, armies, spies, disinformation)
Normandy
Fake Army

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Before dawn six parachute regiments -- over 13,000 men parachuted into France to blow up bridges and secure roads
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By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded.

(safe place to un load supplies)
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In a few days more than 100,000 Allied soldiers had made it ashore, securing
French coastal villages.
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Supplies (ammo, shells tanks) were being brought into France at the rate of 20,000 tons of per day.

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After D-Day…
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The Battle of the Bulge..
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German tank commander Erwin
Rommel…
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The Russians in WWII…
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Hitler in his final days…
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Reasons the Allies won the war were….

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It’s called The Great Patriotic
War to save the motherland not
WWII
Russia lost 20 million! in comparison – Germany 7 mill, USA 400 thous – Britain 300 thous, japan 5 mill
Their entire country was destroyed – land burnt, dams destroyed, cities thrashed, no one went to school – everyone participated in the war effort
THEY defeated Hitler
THEY destroyed 70% of the
German military
THEY took the German capital of
Berlin by themselves and made
Hitler kill himself
THEY have Hitler’s ashes and skull

Soviet soldiers replacing the Nazi flag with the USSR flag on top of the German capital during the battle of Berlin
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Russian view of the war
► THEY defeated Germany
► THEIR country was totally destroyed
► THEY paid the price losing 20 million
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THEY defeated 500 German divisions compared with Britain/
US’ 200 divisions
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THEY took Berlin by themselves
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THEY made Hitler kill himself
► THEY have his body
► THEY call it the “The Great Patriotic
War to save the motherland”

May 8 th 1945

Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta discussing what to do with Germany after
W.W.II

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Months of trials to prosecute the Nazi leaders
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Judges from all over the world
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Only 12 convicted
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“Crimes against humanity”
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(The Holocaust)

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WW.W II EUROPE 1939-1945
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Notes: name: