HISTORY EXAM STUDY SHEET
TERMS
Define or explain each key term.
Non-Aggression Pact – secret agreement between Germany and
Russia during WWII to divide Poland between them after
Germany invaded
Triple Alliance /Triple Entente (WWI) – Germany, Italy,
Austrio-Hungary/England, France and Russia
Suburbia – the name for suburbs in general which were
residential areas on the outskirts of a city
Blitzkrieg – lightening war by surprise from air sea and land
Iron Curtain – imaginary curtain between eastern and western
European countries during Cold War
Prohibition - Alcoholic drinks were illegal in the 1920’s
Suffrage - the right to vote
Relief Camps – government camps for unemployed men during the
depression, away from cities, where they did meaningless work
Batle of Britain – battle in the skies over Britain between the
RAF and the German Lufftewaffe
Conscription - forced enlistment in the armed forces
United Nations – International organization of nations formed
after WWII to keep peace through diplomacy
Halifax Explosion – Collision of two ships in Halifax during WWI
set off largest man-made explosion in the world before the
explosion of atomic bombs in WWII
United Nations – International organization of nations formed
after WWII to keep peace through diplomacy
Anti-Semitism/Genocide/Holocaust/Auschwitz – hatred of
Jews/planned extermination of a specific group of people/murder
of 6 million Jews/extermination camp
Allies/ Axis powers (WWII) – England, France, Russia. US
joined later/Germany, Italy and Japan
D-Day (Deliverence Day)/Juno Beach – Allied invasion of
Normandy in 1944/Canada invades Juno Beach
Appeasement – giving into demands to maintain peace
Flapper - young women in the ‘20’s who wore short hair and
skirts, and went to parties unchaperoned
Summit Series – 1972 - Canada won a series of hockey games
with the Soviet Union
Centennial Year – 1967 – Canada’s 100th birthday
War Measures Act – allows government to suspend civil rights in
the even of an emergency…was used by Trudeau during FLQ crisis
Baby Boom – a period of rapid population growth after WWII
because of returning soldiers and a high birth rate
Convoy – a group of ships travelling with an escort
Ypres/Chlorine Gas – poison gas first used by the Germans at
Ypres in WWI
Residential Schools – where aboriginal children were forced to
live, work and study in the ‘20’ and ‘30’s. The goal was to
assimilate them and isolate them from their own culture
Ypres/Chlorine Gas – poison gas first used by the Germans at
Ypres in WWI
HISTORY EXAM STUDY SHEET
KEY EVENTS/TOPICS
Record evidence for each topic listed AND its significance (Use a highlighter to highlight Significance).
Vimy Ridge
Treaty of Versailles
Winnipeg General Strike
Person’s Case
-famous battle in April, 1917,
- peace treaty that ended WWI -In 1919, workers in Winnipeg -Famous Five (Alberta Five)
when Canadian forces
-punished Germany which had to created the One Big Union
apply to Supreme Court of
captured the ridge in three
assume all guilt, give up
OBU to negotiate with
Canada to have women
days after the French and
territory, pay damages, and
business owners
recognized as people under our
English had been unsuccessful reduce its’ military
-owners wouldn’t give in to
constitution
for months
-made Germans angry and
reasonable demands for
-appealed to British Privy
-first time Canadians fought
sympathetic to Hitler’s claim
safety, shorter working hours Council and are successful in
on their own and resulted in a
that there was an international
and a decent wage
1929
sense of nationhood
conspiracy to defeat the
-went on a general strike with
Germans in WWI
30,000 workers and shut
- Canada signed the Treaty of
down the city
Versailles as an independent
-government thought it might
nation
be a communist plot to
overthrow the government
-police were called in and two
people died..now known as
Bloody Saturday”
HISTORY EXAM STUDY SHEET
The Great Depression
- from 1929 to 1939
-caused by buying on credit,
everyone trying to sell shares
at once during the crash, and
overproduction
-the depression was worse in
western Canada where
dustbowls were created as a
result of drought and
grasshoppers
Japanese Internment
-During WWII, Japanese
Canadians on west coast had
their property confiscated and
were sent to internment camps
in the interior of B.C. until the
end of the war
-there was never any evidence
of communication between
Japanese Canadians and Japan
during the war
- in the 1980’s the government
issued an apology to Japanese
Canadians and provided some
financial compensation
Holocaust
-refers specifically to the
systematic extermination of
6 million Jews during WWII
by the Nazis
-it is estimated that 4 million
others, such as Roma and the
disabled were exterminated
as well
D-Day
- Stands for “Deliverance Day”
- Germans constructed the
“Atlantic Wall”, which were
heavy fortresses along the
coast of Normandy in France
- defences were tested in the
1942 raid by Canadians at
Dieppe, which was a disaster due
to poor planning and execution
-an impossible mission
- meant that an allied invasion
would have to be well-planned
and that there would be many
casualties
-Canadians landed at Juno Beach
on June 6, 1944
HISTORY EXAM STUDY SHEET
Conscription WWI & WWII
-Due to casualties and low
recruitment rates of
volunteers, the government
forced men to join the armed
forces the “draft”
-In both wars, English
Canadians supported it and
French Canadians didn’t
Cold War
- War between US and its allies
and Russia and its allies
who supported opposite sides in
international conflicts, and tried
to spread their influence
- engaged in a nuclear arms race
that could have destroyed the
world.
Suez Crisis – in 1956, Egypt
seized the Suez Canal which
Britain and France had built as a
link between the Mediterranean
and the Red Sea. This became a
dispute between Israel, Britain
and France on one side and
Egypt and Russia. Prime
Minister Pearson came up with a
peaceful solution and won the
Nobel Peace Prize
Cuban Missile Crisis – The
Soviets attempted to put
nuclear warheads on Cuba. The
U.S. was opposed and Russia
backed down
Korean War –1950 –53-between
communist north and capitalist
south ending in stalemate
Quiet Revolution
- Duplessis the Premier of
Quebec from 1936 to 1959
- replaced by Liberal Premier
Jean Lesage who began the
Quiet Revolution of the
1960’s. French Canadians
were to be
“Masters in Our Own House”
- made sweeping social
changes and improved
education and was given
independence to run its’ own
pension plan, therefore, an
early since of separatist
movement and the beginning
of the Quebec Nationalist
movement
FLQ/October Crisis
- FLQ were French separatists
who were terrorists, who
carried out bombing campaigns
between 1963 and 1970
- In 1970, they kidnapped James
Cross, a British diplomat, and
Pierre Laporte, a Quebec
politician.
- Trudeau issued the War
measures Act and Canadian
Troops were sent into Montreal
- Quebecers were arrested
without cause and great
bitterness resulted. Laporte
was murdered and Cross was
finally released
HISTORY EXAM STUDY SHEET
Quebec Sovereignty
Movement
- After FLQ Crisis the Parti
Quebecois gained power in
Quebec under Rene Levesque
- their goal was independence
- passed Bill 101 which
declared French to be the only
language of Quebec
- many English Canadians left
- Referendum of 1980 –
Quebecers voted for
“sovereignty association”
which would still keep
economic ties with Canada –
60% of French Quebecers
voted against it
- 1995 Referendum – Canada
promised “distinct society”
status if Quebec didn’t leave
-vote was 50.58 to stay and
49.42 to go
- the country was left deeply
divided
Just Society
- campaign slogan by Trudeau in
the ‘60’s to reflect the ideal of
ending discrimination and
injustice
- new social programs
introduced to provide a social
safety net
- became multicultural
Constitutional Reform
-Charter of Rights was
passed in 1983 as amendment
to the BNA Act to include
individual rights
-Constitution repatriated to
Canada from Britain…no
longer an Act of British
parliament
-Quebec refused to sign even
though it got the
“Notwithstanding” clause that
allows them to impose
“French only” in Quebec
-divided French and English
Free Trade
- Canada and US already
cooperating in area of defence
of North America
-cultural influences and
similarities as well
-US had larger economy and
owned many Canadian businesses
-Canada wanted access to US
market to compete
-first free trade agreement was
between Canada and the US.
Allowing each country access to
the other’s markets without tax
or tariff
-second free trade agreement
includes Mexico and is known as
NAFTA for the North American
Free Trade Agreement
HISTORY EXAM STUDY SHEET
INDIVIDUALS WITH INFLUENCE
For each individual, explain their contributions/why they are significant.
Sir Arthur Currie – Canadian General responsible for victory at Robert Borden – Canadian Prime Minister during WWI who gave
Vimy Ridge
some women the vote in order to pass conscription legislation
Group of Seven - a group of Canadian artists in the 1920’s who
became famous for a distinct style of art
Igor Gouzenko – Russian spy who told Canadian government about
Soviet Union’s spy operations in Canada
James Cross and Pierre Laporte– British trade commissioner
Pierre Trudeau – “a breath of Fresh air”, Liberal Prime Minister
and Quebec Cabinet Minister kidnapped by FLQ- Laporte’s body invoked the War Measures Act/proposed a “Just Society”/fought
was found in the trunk of a car
for Charter of Rights and patriation of the Constitution from
Britain- introduced bilingualism and multiculturalism
Billy Bishop – WWI war ace/shot down more planes than any
other pilot in the British Commonwealth
Lester B. Pearson – Liberal Prime Minister during the Cold
War/proposed UN peacekeeping force and won Nobel Peace Prize
Frederick Banting – discovered insulin in 1920’s
Agnes Macphail – first female Member of Parliament
Pierre Laporte – Quebec Cabinet Minister kidnapped and
murdered by FLQ
Mary Pickford – “America’s Sweetheart” actress in 1920’s from
Canada
Mackenzie King – Liberal Prime Minister during Depression and
WWII
RB Bennett – Conservative Prime Minister during depression for
whom “Bennett Buggies” and “Bennett Buroughs” were named
Maurice Duplessis – Quebec Premier and leader of the Union
Nationale from the 1930’s to 1950’s
Jean Lesage – Quebec Premier during 1960’s responsible for the
Quiet Revolution
Winston Churchill – British Prime Minister during WWII
Rene Levesque – first leader of the separatist Parti-Quebecois
Gavrillo Princip –assassinated Franz Ferdinand –Arch-Duke of
Austria-Hungary, whose assignation was the spark that started
WWII
Famous Five – five women successful in having the British Privy
Council recognize women as people in the 1929 “Persons” Case
John Diefenbaker – Conservative Prime Minister in 1950’s
responsible for the Bill of Rights and cancellation of the Avro
Arrow
Tommy Douglas – Leader of the NDP responsible for universal
health care after World War II
HISTORY EXAM STUDY SHEET