1. Belief in many forms of one God, Reincarnation: Rebirth based upon Karma Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future Consequences • Vedas and Upanishads: Sacred Writings • Spread along major trade routes 2. Women, slaves, Patricians and Plebeians, the Patricians and Plebeians got right, women/slaves did not

3. Hannibal 4.
Leading to the diffusion of Roman Culture, Expanded trade and wealth for Rome 5. Africa, Asia, Europe, including the Hellenic world Eastern Med, Western Europe (Gaul, British Isles)

6. Crossed the Rubicon, defeated Pompey and his forces and took control of Rome 7. Spread of slavery in the agricultural system, Migration of small farmers in the cities causing unemployment, Civil War over the power of Julius Caesar, Devaluation of Roman currency: inflation 8. Two hundred years of peace and prosperity in Rome

9. Economic: Established uniform system of money, which helped to expand trade, Guaranteed safe travel and trade on Roman roads, Promoted prosperity and stability, Social: Returned stability to social classes Increased emphasis on the family, Political: Created a civil service, Developed a uniformed rule of law

10.
Had its roots in Judaism Was led by Jesus of Nazareth, who was proclaimed Messiah, Conflicted with polytheistic beliefs of the Roman Empire 11. Slowed as a result of persecution by Roman authorities,

12. Christianity later became a source of moral authority, Loyalty to the Church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor, The Church became the main unifying force in Western Europe 13. Adopted and legalized by Emperor Constantine

14. Art and Architecture: Circus Maximus, Colosseum, Forum, Pantheon. Technology: Aqueducts, Roads, Roman Arches.
Ptolemy beliefs that heavenly bodies revolved around the earth, Baths ,Public Water System, and medical Schools, Emphasis on public health, Roman Art: They wanted to recreate what the person looked like in real life, Virgil’s Aeneid:Roman poets, modeled his masterpiece, the Aeneid (30-19 BC), on the ancient Greek epics the Iliad and the Odyssey, written by Homer, Languages: Latin and Romantic Language

15. Established the idea that ALL free citizens patricians and plebeians had the right to protection of the law 16. : Circus Maximus( used for chariot racing), Colosseum( used for gladiator fighting), Forum( Senate conducted government business), Pantheon( worship all the Roman deities)

• 17. Economic Causes: The cost of defense, Inflation: caused by devaluation of Roman currency, • Political Problems: Civil conflict, Weak administrations, Divided empire,
invasions, Army started to include invaders, (discipline declined) Social Causes: Moral decay, Self-serving upper class, People’s loss faith in Rome and family

18. 476 A.D
19. STUDY YOUR GREECE MAP: 20. promote civic and commercial life.
21. Zeus 22. The Polytheistic Religion 23. Athena 24. . Rigid social structure, Militaristic and aggressive society

Europe Black Sea Macedonia Balkan Peninsula Aegean Sea Dardanelles Troy Asia Minor Peloponnesian Peninsula Athens Sparta Mediterranean Sea

25. A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically though elected representatives 26. ( Ruled by a small group from all social classes) 27. Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future Consequences

• 28. Chinese rulers were considered divine, but they served under a Mandate of Heaven only as long as their rule was just.
29. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama(Buddha) • Four Noble Truths • Eightfold Path to Enlightenment • Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia.

30. Civil service system, Paper, Porcelain, Silk 31. Belief that humans are good, not bad • Respect for elders • Code of politeness (still used in Chinese society today) • Emphasis on education • Ancestor worship

32. Humility • Simple life and inner peace • Harmony with nature 33. Colonization and the search for arable land 34. Stages in the evolution of Athenian government: Monarchy( ruled by a King or Queen), aristocracy(Ruled by a small group of Nobles), Tyranny( Cruel and oppressive government or rule), democracy( A system of government by the whole population)

35. Women, Foreigners and Slaves 36. Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world: Athens and the Delian League versus Sparta and the Peloponnesian League 37. Battle of Marathon:490 BC Persian land 25,000 men Athenians 10,000 Athenians used the Phalanx, Athens won against city state of Persia, Battle of Salamis: Greek Navy defeated Persian Navy Saved Greece

38.Temple to honor the goddess Athena and all the Greek fallen soldiers of the Persian War 39.Pericles extended democracy; most adult males had an equal voice. Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars 40.. Aeschylus, Sophocles 41. Father of History

42.A person who migrates in search of Food 43. developed agriculture (domesticated plants) • domesticated animals • used advanced tools • made pottery • developed weaving skills. 44. Archaeologist

45. A group of people that settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River Valley (part of Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia). 46. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and Fertile Crescent 47. Egyptians need to keep records and laws 48. An Organization with set rules and a strict like of authority from the top down.

• 49. . Golden Age of classical Indian culture • Contributions: Mathematics (concept of zero),medical advances (setting bones), astronomy (concept of a round earth), new textiles, Literature 50. Asoka, Continued political unification of much of India, Contributions: Spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, veterinary clinics, good roads

51. Physical barriers, such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean, made invasion difficult.
• Mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided migration routes into the Indian subcontinent.
• The Indus and Ganges were the important rivers in the Indian subcontinent

52. Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey ) 53. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle 54. He was a philosophy who was found guilty of treason and corruption of the young who was forced to drink poison by the Athenian government.
55. . Types of columns ,including the Doric (Parthenon), Ionic, and Corinthian

56. Alexander the Great Established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India Extended Greek cultural influences 57. . On the Italian peninsula near the Mediterranean Basin surrounded by the Mediterranean sea and the alps, it helps protect them from invaders.
58. STUDY YOUR MAP OF ROME

59. . Greek Polytheistic Religion, Though Natural phenomena, human qualities and life events 60. Prisoners from other civilizations conquered by Rome or Prisoners of War not based on race 61. Assembly and the Senate: Assembly was the Plebeians Assembly, they voted in laws, elected the consuls and other government officials and the Senate was the Patricians Assembly, propose and approve laws, direct money and foreign policy create projects for construction. Two Consuls: They were senators who served one year terms who could veto each other out, ran the government and controlled the military