Unit 1: Chemical Building
Blocks
Chapter 1: Introduction to
Physical Science
Big Idea: Scientists investigate the
natural world by posing questions,
developing hypotheses, designing
experiments, analyzing data, drawing
conclusions, & communicating
results
6 Sections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is Physical Science?
Scientific Inquiry
Measurement
Math & Science
Graphs in Science
Science Lab Safety
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Sec 1: What is Physical Science?
KEY CONCEPTS
• Scientists use the skills of observing,
inferring, & predicting to learn about the
natural world
• Physical science is the study of matter &
energy, & the changes that they undergo
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Sec 1: Key Terms
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Science
Observing
Inferring
Predicting
Chemistry
Physics
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Sec 2: Scientific Inquiry
KEY CONCEPTS
• Processes used in inquiry include posing
questions, developing hypotheses, designing
experiments, collecting & interpreting data,
drawing conclusions, & communicating
• Scientists use models & develop laws & theories
to increase people’s understanding of the natural
world
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Sec 2: Key Terms
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Scientific inquiry
Hypothesis
Parameter
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Controlled experiment
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Data
Communicating
Model
Scientific theory
Scientific law
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Sec 3: Measurement
KEY CONCEPTS
• Using SI allows scientists to compare data
& communicate with each other about
results
• SI units include: m, kg, m3, kg/m3, s, & K
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Sec 3: Key Terms
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SI
Weight
Mass
Volume
Meniscus
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Density
Celsius scale
Kelvin scale
Absolute zero
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Sec 4: Math & Science
KEY CONCEPTS
• When collecting data & making
measurements, scientists use math skills
involving estimation, accuracy &
reproducibility, significant figures, &
precision
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Sec 4: Key Terms
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Estimate
Accuracy
Reproducibility
Significant figures
Precision
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Sec 5: Graphs in Science
KEY CONCEPTS
• Line graphs are used to display data to see
how one variable (the responding variable)
changes in response to another variable
(the manipulated variable)
• A line of best fit emphasizes the overall
trend shown by all the data taken as a
whole
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Sec 5: Graphs in Science (cont’d)
KEY CONCEPTS (cont’d)
• Slope = Rise = y2 – y1
Run
x2 – x1
• Line graphs are powerful tools in science
because they allow you to identify trends
& make predictions
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Sec 5: Key Terms
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Graph
Horizontal axis
Vertical axis
Origin
Coordinate
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Data point
Line of best fit
Linear graph
Slope
Nonlinear graph
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Sec 6: Science Lab Safety
KEY CONCEPTS
• Good preparation helps you stay safe when
doing science activities in the lab or the
field
• When any accident occurs, no matter how
minor, notify your teacher immediately.
Then listen to your teacher’s directions &
carry them out quickly
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