Chapter 12
Growing and
Changing
Lesson 2
The Endocrine System
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 hormones
Chemical substances produced in certain glands
that help to regulate the way your body functions
 endocrine
system
The system of glands throughout the body that
regulate body functions
 metabolism
The process by which the body gets energy from
food
In this lesson, you will learn to
 describe how the endocrine system affects growth and
development.
 identify two disorders of the endocrine system and how to
treat them.
 find information about managing diabetes..
Analyzing a Graphic
Use the diagram shown here
to create a concept map
about the endocrine system.
Fill in the map as you read
the lesson.
Pancreas
Parts of
the Endocrine
System
Parts of the Endocrine System
Hormones are produced by the organs of the
endocrine system.
hormones Chemical substances produced in certain glands
that help to regulate the way your body functions
endocrine system The system of glands throughout the body
that regulate body functions
Parts of the Endocrine System
Parathyroid
gland
Adrenal
gland
Pituitary
gland
Ovaries
(in female)
Thyroid
gland
Testes
(in male)
Pancreas
Glands and Hormones
Hormones act like chemical signals that tell your
organs and tissues what to do.
For example, the pancreases makes the hormones
insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar.
Glands and Hormones
One major role of the endocrine system is to control
the body’s metabolism.
metabolism The process by which the body gets
energy from food
Metabolism is regulated by hormones made by the
thyroid gland.
Diseases of the Endocrine System
If there are problems with one or more glands in the
endocrine system, organs won’t function properly.
Diseases of the endocrine system can develop when
either too much or too little of a hormone is produced.
Diabetes
Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce
enough of the hormone called insulin, or doesn’t
respond properly to insulin that is produced.
Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in the blood.
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
• Germ-fighting cells in the body
attack the cells of the pancreas
that produce insulin.
• The body doesn’t produce
enough insulin and there is too
much sugar in the blood.
• Treated with regular injections
of insulin.
• Enough insulin is produced, but
the body can’t use it properly.
• More common in people who are
overweight.
• May result in infections and
wounds that do not heal.
• Treated with a carefully managed
diet and regular physical activitiy.
Thyroid Disease
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid gland doesn’t produce
enough hormones to regulate
metabolism.
• Can result in tiredness, feeling
cold, dry skin, and weight gain.
• Can delay growth in teens.
• Can be treated with replacement
hormones.
• Thyroid gland produces too many
hormones, resulting in a very high
metabolism.
• Can result in sweating, excessive
eating, weight loss, tremors, and
muscle weakness.
• Can be treated with medication.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Vocabulary What is metabolism?
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
List What are three functions of the hormones
produced by the thyroid gland?
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Explain How are type 1 and type 2 diabetes usually
treated?
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Explain How is hypothyroidism treated?
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Infer Why might a disease that affects an endocrine
gland have effects on other parts of the body?
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Some drugs are synthetic, or artificial, hormones.
Why is it necessary to consult a doctor before taking
this kind of medication to treat a disease?
End of
Chapter 12
Growing and
Changing
Lesson 2
The Endocrine System
Click for:
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>> Chapter 12 Assessment