Bones: An Overview
Essentials of Human
Anatomy & Physiology
Pages 116 - 118
1
Functions of the Bones
2
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Support
• form internal framework
that supports and
anchors all soft organs
• legs support trunk
• rib cage supports thoracic
wall
http://www.ub.uit.no/baser/arkinord/data/media/378/kalvebakkbru01-med.jpg
3
Protection
• Skull protects brain
• Vertebrae protects spinal
cord
• Rib cage protects vital
organs of thorax
4
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Movement
• Skeletal muscles use the bones as levers
to move the body and its parts.
http://www.inloughborough.com/cat/images/Martial%20Arts%20Clubs.jpg
5
Storage
• Stores fat in internal
cavities.
• Stores minerals such
as calcium and
phosphorus.
6
Blood Cell Formation
• Hematopoiesis occurs within the marrow
cavities of certain bones.
7
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Types of Osseous Tissue
• Compact Bone
– dense
– Looks smooth
– Homogeneous
• Spongy Bone
– Composed of small needlelike pieces and lots
of open spaces
8
Compact & Spongy
9
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Classification of Bones
http://www.diacritic.org/blog/archives/images/calf_bones_1.jpg
10
Long Bones
•
•
•
•
Typically longer than they are wide
Have a shaft and heads at both ends
Bones of limbs (except wrist and ankles)
Mostly compact bones
11
12
Short Bones
• Generally cubed-shaped
• mostly spongy bone
• Bones of wrist and ankles
13
14
Flat Bones
• Thin, flattened, usually curved
• Two thin layers of compact sandwiching a
layer of spongy
• Bones of skull, ribs, and sternum
15
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16
Irregular Bones
• Bones that do not fit any of the other
categories
• Vertebrae and hip bones
http://www.arrowvale.worcs.sch.uk/
sportscollege/images/sport/body/irregular.gif
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