Kinds of Union Arrangements
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Four General Types of Union Arrangements
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Closed Shops
 Employer agrees to only hire union members
 Taft-Hartley Act made closed shops illegal
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Union Shops
 Do not have to belong to be hired
 Must join soon after being hired
 Cannot require membership
before 30 days of employment
 21 states prohibit mandatory
union membership
Kinds of Union Arrangements

Modified Union Shops
Workers do not have to belong to a union to be hired
 Cannot be made to join one to keep their jobs
 If they choose to join, they must remain members
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Agency Shops
Workers need not be union members to be hired or
keep their jobs
 Must pay dues to the union
 Nonunion workers are subject to contract
negotiated by the union
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Collective Bargaining

Meeting between representatives for labor and
management
Elected union officials represent laborers
 Company officials in charge of labor represent
management
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Grievance procedures are used
Provision for resolving issues
 Mediation – 3rd party trying to come up with a solution
both sides like
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Neither side has to accept the mediator’s recommendation
Arbitration – third party decision, which if final
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Voluntary arbitration – both sides agree Compulsory
arbitration – one side is forced
Collective Bargaining

More Grievance Procedures

Fact-Finding
Agree to have a 3rd party investigate issues and recommend
settlements
 Proves one side over another
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Injunction and Seizure
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Injunction – a court order not to act
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Can direct a union not to strike
Can direct a company not to lock out workers
Seizure – government takes over operations
Presidential Intervention

President will appeal to both sides of a dispute