IP ROUTING -1
STATIC ROUTING
DEFAULT ROUTING
Routing protocol and Routed protocol
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A routing protocol is used by routers to dynamically
find all the networks in the internetwork and to
ensure that all routers have the same routing table.
Basically, a routing protocol determines the path of
a packet through an internetwork.
Examples of routing protocols are:
RIP, RIPv2, EIGRP, and OSPF.
2
Routing protocol and Routed
protocol
Once all routers know about all networks
 a routed protocol can be used to send user
data (packets) through the established
enterprise.
 Routed protocols are assigned to an interface
and determine the method of packet delivery.
 Examples of routed protocols are:
IP and IPv6.
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Routing basis
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The term routing is used for taking a packet from one
device and sending it through the network to another
device on a different network. Routers don’t really
care about hosts, they only care about networks and
the best path to each network.
The router learns about remote networks from
neighbor routers or from an administrator.
Routing basis
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The router then builds a routing table that describes
how to find the remote networks.
If a network is directly connected, then the router
already knows how to get to it.
If a network isn’t directly connected to the router,
the router must use one of two ways to learn how to
get to the remote network: static routing, meaning
that someone must hand-type all network locations
into the routing table, or something called dynamic
routing.
Dynamic routing
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a protocol on one router communicates with the
same protocol running on neighbor routers. The
routers then update each other about all the
networks they know about and place this
information into the routing table. If a change occurs
in the network, the dynamic routing protocols
automatically inform all routers about the event.
Static routing
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The administrator is responsible for updating all
changes by hand into all routers.
Typically, in a large network, a combination of both
dynamic and static routing is used.
Static routing benefits:
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There is no overhead on the router CPU, which
means you could possibly buy a cheaper router
than you would use if you were using dynamic
routing.
There is no bandwidth usage between routers, which
means you could possibly save money on WAN
links.
It adds security because the administrator can
choose to allow routing access to certain networks
only.
Static routing disadvantages:
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The administrator must really understand the
internetwork and how each router is connected in
order to configure routes correctly.
If a network is added to the internetwork, the
administrator has to add a route to it on all routers
by hand.
It’s not feasible in large networks because
maintaining it would be a full-time job in itself.
Instructions
Instructions
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Router(config)# ip route [destination_network] [mask] [nexthop_address or exitinterface] [administrative_distance] [permanent]
used to add static route records to the routing table for example:
Router(config) #ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.2.4
The ip route command tells us simply that it is a static route.
172.16.3.0 is the remote network we want to send packets to.
255.255.255.0 is the mask of the remote network.
192.168.2.4 is the next hop, or router, we will send packets to
Default route
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We use default routing to send packets with a
remote destination network not in the routing table
to the next-hop router.
You should only use default routing on stub
networks, those with only one exit path out of the
network.
router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.11.1
Using packet tracer in router addressing
1- We connet the figure .
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The cables used are :
· Straight : between switch, pc and router, switch.
· Cross : between switch, switch .
· Serial : betweeen the two routers .
Using packet tracer in addressing
2- We put the IP address for each device as the following :
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We have in the figure 3 networks :
Using packet tracer in addressing
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To distribute the Ip's on the router interfaces we do the following :
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Router 0:
Using packet tracer in addressing
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For the second router (Router1 ) :
Using packet tracer in addressing
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Give each PC it’s IP address , Subnet Mask and Default Gateway:
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For PC0 : From IP configuration :
Using packet tracer in addressing
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How to ping from PC0 to the default gateway :
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For PC0 :
Using packet tracer in addressing
We chose command promot and ping on the default gateway :
Routing using packet tracer
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To let serial work we must give
clock to DCE terminals :
We use (show controllers serial
Name ) in privilage mode to
examine the serial terminal then
we put the clock using the
command ( clock rate rate ) in
global configuration mode .
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We begin with router0 :
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It’s DTE
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So we don’t make any thing
Routing using packet tracer
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For router 1 :
It’s DCE
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So we write:
Static Route
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For Router 0:
The routing table :
Static Route
We give static route for Router 0 :
Static Route
For Router 1:
The routing table :
Static Route
We give static route for Router 1 :
Static Route
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Now we ping from PC to any other PCs to make sure they see each other :
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From PC0 to PC3 & PC6
Practical part 2
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We connect the following network :
Routing using packet tracer
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For each PC we put the Ip address, gate way and subnet mask.
For PC0 :
Routing using packet tracer
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Now we distribute the IP's on routers' interfaces :
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For router0 :
Routing using packet tracer
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For router1 :
Routing using packet tracer
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For router2 :
Routing using packet tracer
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To let serial work we must give
clock to DCE terminals :
We use (show controllers serial
Name ) in privilage mode to
examine the serial terminal then
we put the clock using the
command ( clock rate rate ) in
global configuration mode .
We begin with router0 :
Routing using packet tracer
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We notice that the two terminals are DCE .
Routing using packet tracer
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We give it clock since it's DCE :
Routing using packet tracer
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for router1 :
Routing using packet tracer
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for router2 :
Routing using packet tracer
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Now we must do static routing to let the PC's of each network see the PCs in the
remote network :
We begin with router0 :
There are two remote networks which have the Ips : 192.168.3.0, 192.168.2.0 and
three neighbors networks we know them by ( show ip route ):
Routing using packet tracer
Routing using packet tracer
For router 1 :
Routing using packet tracer
Routing using packet tracer
For router 2 :
Routing using packet tracer
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Now we ping from PC to any other PCs to make sure they see each other :
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Ping from PC 1 to PC0 & PC2:
DHCP router
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To let the router distribute the IPs on the network we do the following :
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Router 0 :
DHCP
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We notice that the PC1 took a dynamic IP :