Carbonyl Compounds
a
Compounds that contain the carbonyl group
Aldehydes
Esters
Ketones
Carboxyllic Acids
Aldehyde Nomenclature
• 1. Name the compound, numbering
so that the aldehyde group is #1.
• 2. Remove the “e” ending and
add the “al” ending.
Aldehyde Examples
• Ex.1
• IUPAC Name:
• (common name is formaldehyde)
• Ex.2
• IUPAC Name:
• (common name is acetaldehyde)
Aldehyde Examples Cont.
• Ex. 3
• Ex. 4
Ketone Nomenclature
•1. Name the compound.
•2. Number the carbonyl
carbon as low as possible.
•3. Remove the “e” and add
the ending “one”.
Ketone Examples
• Ex. 1
• IUPAC Name:
• (common name is acetone)
• Ex.2
Ketone Examples (cont)
• Ex. 3
• Sometimes common names are
retained in which the two alkyl
groups are named, followed by
the word “ketone”
• Ex. 1
More Ketone Examples
• Ex.2
• Ex. 3
• Ex. 4
Carboxylic Acids
• Contain the carboxyl group; a combination of
carbonyl and hydroxyl
• Carboxylic acids are abundant in nature and
many are known by their common names.
• The common names were derived from either
a Latin or Greek name that indicated the
original source of the acid.
Carboxylic Acid Nomenclature
•1. Name the alkyl group,
numbering the carboxyl
carbon as #1.
•2. Remove the “e” ending and
add “oic acid”.
Carboxylic Acid Examples
• Ex. 1
• IUPAC Name:
• (common name formic acid)
• Ex. 2
• IUPAC Name:
• (common name acetic acid)
More Carboxylic Acid Examples
• Ex. 3
• Ex. 4
More Carboxylic Acid Examples
• Ex. 5
• IUPAC Name:
• (common name oxalic acid)
• Ex.6
• IUPAC Name:
• (common name salicylic acid)
Esters Nomenclature
• Derivatives of carboyxlic acids in which the
OH group is replaced by an “O-R” group
• 1. Name the “esterified” group (the group
attached to the oxygen) first
• 2. Name the parent acid
• 3. Remove the “-ic acid” ending and add “-ate”
Ester Examples
• Ex. 1
• Ex. 2
More Ester Examples
• Ex. 3
• Ex. 4
More Ester Examples
• Ex. 5
• Ex. 6
• Esters are usually rather pleasant smelling
substances which are responsible for the
flavor and fragrance of many fruits &
flavorings
• Ex.;
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
Ethyl formate – artificial rum flavor
Octyl acetate – oranges
Pentyl butyrate – apricots
Pentyl acetate – bananas
Ethyl butyrate – pineapples
Methyl salicylate – oil of wintergreen