ЮГО-ЗАПАДНЫЙ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫЙ ОКРУГ
ГБОУ СОШ №1260 С УГЛУБЛЕННЫМ ИЗУЧЕНЕМ
АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Тайц Вероника Вадимовна
11 класс
Исследование проблем глухонемых людей: почему мы
друг друга не слышим
исследовательская работа по английскому языку
Научный руководитель:
Никонова Татьяна Владимировна,
преподаватель английского языка в школе №1260
Москва 2013-2014гг
SCHOOL №1260 WITH ADVANCED ENGLISH
Tayts Veronika Vadimovna
11th form
The research of the problems of deaf people: why don’t we
hear each other
Supervisor:
Nikonova Tatiana Vladimirovna
Moscow 2013-2014
2
Contents:
1. Methodological Characteristics of the research
4
2. Introduction
5
3. Main part:
Investigation work
3.1 The results of special literature analysis
 The history of deaf people
6
 Causes of hearing loss
9
 The history of sign language
3.2 Content – analysis of TV programs
10
12
3.3 Deaf people and their activities
 Deaf people on TV
14
 Famous deaf people
16

18
Theatre
 Deaf people and sports
21
4. Conclusion
23
5. Inference
24
6. Appendices
25 - 27
3
Methodological Characteristics of the Research
The title of my project is «The research of the problems of deaf people: why
don’t we hear each other». It is an informative project in the sphere of social
studies executed in the form of a Power Point presentation by using methods of
observation, selection of materials, comparison, analysis, generalization and
questioning. The subject of the work is the attitude to deaf people and the object
– deaf people themselves. The aim of the work is to attract attention and to investigate the life of deaf people in our country. Nowadays, a lot of deaf people
in Russia have to face different problems such as discrimination in the field of
education, receiving different services, the lack of understanding from the part
of the society, getting a job, barrier in speech. My project can help to understand
the situation of deaf people’s lives and realize what we should do to change it
for the better . The hypothesis of the project is: the absence of special information and the lack of special programs on TV lead to indifferent attitude towards invalids. We don’t obtain information – it’s the cause of such a situation.
The tasks of the research:
 to study the attitude of our society
 to sign out the most urgent problems
 compare the life conditions of deaf people in Russia and European countries
 to realize the ways of help, defining possible solutions of the problem
4
Introduction
Today people treat deaf people with caution and estrangement, sometimes with
fear. The problem is that such a negative attitude towards the deaf leads to their
isolation in the society. The majority of deaf people don’t consider themselves
as invalids. They think they are representatives of cultural minority with their
own language. Therefore they face the same problems as other minorities do:
discrimination in the field of education, receiving different services, the lack of
understanding from the part of the society, getting a job, barrier in speech. As
for children, it is more difficult for them to adjust themselves to our contemporary life and to a negative attitude. Ignoring interests and needs of a developing
personality of such children, neglecting necessary care may influence psychological and mental development of a child. The laws, defending their rights are
being taken, but not all of them work. Thus, we consider the project actual and
relevant as in spite of taken laws, improving life conditions of deaf people, nothing seems to have changed.
5
Chapter 1
Main part
Investigation work
The results of special literature analysis
The history of deaf people
Deaf history focuses, in large part, on a centuries-long struggle over ways to
overcome a heritage of discrimination by the hearing world and to provide better
opportunities for the hearing-impaired. Language lies at the center of this debate. While some endorse sign language as the natural method of communication and education for the deaf, others believe that deaf people should learn spoken and written language so they can be mainstreamed with the rest of society.
With the appearance of such recent technological innovations as the cochlear
implant, questions of community, language, integration and identity continue to
rage. The deaf culture is an ethnocentric culture that is centered on sign language and relationships among one another. Unlike other cultures the Deaf culture is not associated with any native land as it is a global culture. Although by
some, deafness maybe viewed as a disability, the Deaf-World sees itself as a
language minority. Throughout the years many accomplishments have been
achieved by deaf people. To name the most famous, Ludwig van Beethoven and
Thomas Alva Edison were both deaf and contributed great works to culture.
Like most people in other language minorities, deaf people are born into it. Unlike other cultures, deaf culture is not associated with a native land. It is actually
a culture based on relationships among people providing common ground. The
deaf culture sees itself as a language minority instead of a disability group.
Deaf people who know Sign Language are proud of their history. In the United
States, they recount the story of Laurent Clerc, a Deaf educator, coming to the
6
United States from France in 1816 to help found the first permanent school for
deaf children in the country. In the late 1850s there was a debate about whether
or not to create a separate deaf state in the west. The idea was based on the event
when the American Congress, at that time, gave part of Alabama to the American Asylum. This deaf state would be a place where all deaf people could migrate, if chosen to, and prosper, however, this plan failed and the whole debate
died.
Another well-known event is the 1880 Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf in Milan, Italy, where hearing educators voted to embrace oral
education and remove sign language from the classroom. This effort resulted in
strong opposition within Deaf cultures today to the oral method of teaching deaf
children to speak and lip read with limited or no use of sign language in the
classroom. The method is intended to make it easier for deaf children to integrate into hearing communities, but the benefits of learning in such an environment are disputed. The use of sign language is central to the Deaf peoples as
a cultural identity and attempts to limit its use are viewed as an attack.
The first ever political movement in deaf history happened in 1880 in Milan, Italy and was called the Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf.
This first international conference consisted of deaf educators and is commonly
known as "The Milan Conference". The conference held deliberations from September 6, 1880, to September 11, 1880, and declared that oral education was superior to manual education and decided to ban the use of sign language in
school. Since the passage in 1880, schools in European countries and the United
States have switched to using speech therapy without sign language as a method
of education for the deaf.The National Association of the Deaf (NAD) has
22,000 direct members and is a vigorous advocate for sign language and the
rights of Deaf people. The NAD helped conduct the first census of the Deaf
population, it supports a legal defense fund, sponsors annual camps, and helps
fight for the rights of the Deaf community.
7
An understanding of the historical, social and cultural background of Deaf people is essential when dealing with mental health issues. That is why we have
produced these brief background notes. Some people ask, ”What do you mean
by Deaf history? Is there such a thing?” A lot of Deaf people themselves are not
aware that there is a community history that is special to them. But we know that
a sense of belonging – of having a shared history as a member of a group – is
very important for mental well-being. Over the past thirty years, there has been a
growing interest in Deaf history. The British Deaf History Society was established in 1993. It has published a growing number of books about many aspects
of Deaf history.
8
Causes of hearing loss
Hearing loss in adults can either be inherited from your parents or acquired from
illness, ototoxic (ear-damaging) drugs, exposure to loud noise, tumors, head injury, or the aging process. This loss may occur by itself or with tinnitus (ringing
in the ears).
Conductive hearing loss - when hearing loss is due to problems with the ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear and its little bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes).
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) - when hearing loss is due to problems of the
inner ear, also known as nerve-related hearing loss.
Mixed hearing loss - refers to a combination of conductive and sensorineural
hearing loss. This means that there may be damage in the outer or middle ear
and in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve.
Conductive Hearing Loss
Causes:

Malformation of outer ear, ear canal, or middle ear structures

Fluid in the middle ear from colds

Ear infection (otitis media - an infection of the middle ear in which an accumulation of fluid may interfere with the movement of the eardrum and ossicles

Allergies

Poor Eustachian tube function

Perforated eardrum

Benign tumors

Impacted earwax

Infection in the ear canal

Foreign body in the ear

Otosclerosis
9
The history of sign language
Sign language is the most important instrument for communication between deaf
people and the deaf culture. Using sign language deaf people can join social
networks, local and globally, which join the deaf culture together. Sign language
is actually the American Sign Language and is what the culture is centered on.
Another powerful bonding forced in the deaf culture is Athletics. Athletics open
up a path to achievement where many others are shut out by prejudice due to the
level playing field of certain sports. The American Athletic Association of the
Deaf is huge help for deaf people by representing Deaf clubs and organizations
throughout the entire American states. The recorded history of sign language in
Western societies starts in the 17th century, as a visual language or method of
communication. Sign language is composed of a system of conventional gestures, mimic, hand signs and finger spelling, plus the use of hand positions to
represent the letters of the alphabet. Signs usually represent complete ideas, not
only individual words. Most sign languages are natural languages, different in
construction from oral languages used in proximity to them, and are employed
mainly by deaf people in order to communicate. Until the 19th century, most of
what we know about historical sign languages is limited to the manual alphabets
(fingerspelling systems) that were invented to facilitate transfer of words from a
spoken to a signed language, rather than documentation of the rest of the language. However, many different signed languages have developed independently throughout the world, and no true “first” language can be identified. Both
signed systems and manual alphabets were found worldwide, and, though most
recorded instances of signed languages seem to occur in Europe in the 17th century, it is possible that popular European ideals have overshadowed much of the
attention earlier signed systems may have otherwise received. It was commonly
accepted, for instance, that “the deaf” could not be educated; when John of Beverly, Archbishop of York, taught a deaf person to speak in 685 AD, it was
deemed a miracle, and he was later canonized Generally, philosophies linking
10
(spoken) language and intelligence persisted well into the Enlightenment. Such
hegemonic ideas may have prevented the recognition of histories of certain
groups for whom signed languages were integral. Earlier than the 17th century,
however, groups of Deaf people may have already lived together in communities, where even in small numbers they may have communicated through basic
signing systems.
The 18th permanent school for the deaf was established in Hartford, Connecticut; others followed. In 1817, Clerc and Gallaudet founded the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb (now the American School for the Deaf). In 1864, a
college for deaf people was founded in Washington D.C. Its enabling act was
signed by Abraham Lincoln and was named “The National Deaf-Mute College”
(later "Gallaudet College" (1894), and then renamed "Gallaudet University") in
1986.
11
Chapter 2
Content – analysis
The second step was to make a content – analysis of today’s TV programs and
find the programs with special subtitles and the programs, where something is
said about deaf people. So, here are the results:
There are very few programs on Russian television with special subtitles. Europian countries and America have their own special programs with subtitles and
are suitable for deaf people. In Great Britain there is a program named “See,
hear”, which regularly appears on the screen.
If you look through Russian TV program, you will hardly find programs devoted
to deaf people or with subtitles, only on special cable TV.
Here are other program of channel TVC (Sunday):
4:45 Encyclopedia. Tyrannosaurus Rex
5:40 The Stone Flower
7:00 Cartoons
08:05 The factor of life
8:40 Business people
10:20 Lady and cooker
10:55 «The anger of the day» Special reportage
11:30 Events
11:45 First Date
13:35 Laughter with home delivery
14:20 Boris Notkin Invites you
14:50 Moscow Week
15:20 Do not be sad
17:10 Hussy
12
21:00 "In the middle of the action" with Anna Prokhorova
22:00 Joe
23:55 Events
00:15 Gangsters in the ocean
2:55 Healing Love
3:55 Stories of salvation
4:30 Beware of scammers!
Only one of these programs, named «The factor of life», raises the programs of a
deaf people.
You can also find the diagrams with the results of my analysis and questioning
in the appendices
13
Chapter 3
Deaf people and different activities
Deaf people on TV
Although Marlee Matlin and Deanne Bray are the first deaf actors or actresses people think of
when the subject of deaf people on television comes up, there were many others who paved
the way for them over the years on television programs in the United States and elsewhere.
Someday, I would like for someone to put together a DVD with all deaf television character
appearances over the years, because there are many I have never seen and would like the
chance to see, or see again. (Notes: This article does not include soap operas, reality shows, or
programs like Sesame Street. The focus is on regularly aired dramas, comedies, etc. Also, if
terms like "deaf-mute" appear, that is because that is how the characters were described originally.) Deaf characters have been on television since the 1950s! However, it was not until the
late 60s that the first deaf actor appeared on television. In the early 1970s, most of the deaf
character roles were played by hearing actors. By the middle 1970s, there were more deaf actors on television. If there was a golden age of deafness on television, it would have to be the
1980s. During that decade, you could hardly turn on the television without seeing a deaf actor
in a deaf role. There were numerous opportunities for deaf actors on television in the 1990s.
During this decade, Marlee Matlin proved she could act on television. Today, there are so
many deaf appearances on television as either guest stars or even as the stars of the program,
that it is impossible to keep up. Deaf people appear on television so frequently now that it is
routine, and most popular shows seem to have deaf appearances sooner or later. Today, deaf
actors and actresses are now full-fledged stars of television programs, and are taking roles
where deafness is just part of the character, not the sole focus of the character. In other words,
their roles could be played by hearing actors just as easily - the producers just happened to
select a deaf actor or actress for the role.
Just a few of the shows to date that have had deaf guest stars or that had deaf people as THE
stars of the show:

The Doctors (British)/"Picking Up the Pieces" (March 2000) - deaf woman (Joyce Gibbs)

The X-Files (November 2000) - 2-episode sequence with Christine Firkins in a deaf role.

Holby City(British)/"Extra Time" (January 2001) - deaf boy
14

Casualty (British)/"Scent of the Roses" (February 2001) - deaf woman (Paula Garfield)

CSI/"Sounds of Silence" (April 2001) - deaf victim. (Also includes appearance by Deanne
Bray)

Strong Medicine/"Fix" (January 2001) - Deanne Bray and her husband Troy Kotsur

Brothers Garcia/"Student Buddy" (July 2001) - new deaf girl at school (Rebecca Lovitch)

Any Day Now/"Don't forget to take out your teeth" (July 2001) - deaf client (Anthony Natale)

The Chris Isaak Show (Showtime)/"Behind the Isaak" (July 2001) - deaf and blind masseuse

Off Centre (WB)/"Hear No Evil, See No Package" (March 2002) - deaf character (Shoshannah Stern)

Inspector Lynley Mysteries (British) April 2002 - deaf girl murdered

Providence/"Great Expectations" (April 2002) - Shoshannah Stern

Odyssey 5 (Showtime)/"Symbiosis" (July 2002) - young deaf girl has a cochlear implant

Soul Food (Showtime)/"Child Safety" (August 2002) - deaf girl (Michelle Banks)

Night Visions/"Patterns/Voices" (September 2002)- deaf woman (Terrylene) reads people's
minds

Girlfriends (UPN)/"Don't Leave Me a Loan"(October 2002) - deaf boss (Michelle Banks)

Boston Public/Chapter Fifty(November 2002) - Shoshannah Stern

John Doe/"Idaho" (November 2002) - deaf killer

Strong Medicine/"Philadelphia Chromosome" (December 2002) - deaf girl with arthritis
Marlee Matlin continues to be a staple guest star on shows, just a few examples of which are
below.

Chicken Soup for the Soul (late 1999)

Judging Amy/"An Impartial Bias" (November 1999)

Gideon's Crossing/"Orphans" (January 2001) (Kovacs was also in this episode)

The Division/"Testimonial" (Lifetime) (February 2003) (also included Shoshannah Stern,
who also had a guest role in January 2003 on ER's "A Little Help from My Friends" episode)
In the 2002-2003 season, the way forward for deaf people to star on television was led
byDeanne Bray, who starred in the Pax program Sue Thomas, FBEye. In the 2003-04 season,
Shoshannah Stern became a regular on ABC's Threat Matrix, playing security analyst Holly
Brodeen at the National Security Agency.
15
Famous deaf people
Teresa de Cartagena 15th Century Spanish nun, who had become deaf, was exceptional in her time in confronting her deafness and gaining fame as a religious
writer (and is nowadays reckoned as one of the earliest feminist writers).
The idea that a person who was deaf could achieve a notable or distinguished
status was not common until the latter half of the 18th century, when Abbe
Charles-Michel de l'Epee founded the world's first public school for deaf students in Paris. The Abbe de l'Epee was one of the first advocates for using sign
language in deaf education, as a means to raise deaf people to literacy and to
provide an avenue to an independent lifestyle. Prior to de l'Epee, only the deaf
children of royal, aristocratic or wealthy families were afforded any type of education.
Epee originally favored using a fabricated sign system, similar to Signed Exact
English, based on French grammar and sound. The local Deaf communities insisted on maintaining their own Paris sign language, and on his deathbed de l'Epee wrote his final work decrying all constructed systems and finally endorsing
the use of the natural signed languages made by Deaf people.
The success of the Paris school spawned similar schools throughout Europe and
the New World. Significant in American history, deaf Frenchman Laurent Clerc,
both a student and teacher at the Paris school (1798–1816), and Rev. Thomas
Hopkins Gallaudet, a hearing American, founded the first school for the deaf
in Hartford, Connecticut in 1816. Clerc, along with Paris school faculty members Jean Massieu and Ferdinand Berthier formed the core of a group of pioneering deaf intellectuals. They are joined by many people on this list who, like
them, were born deaf, used a sign language as their mother language, and were
notable for their leadership and accomplishments.
Helen Keller, American deaf-blind writer, lecturer, and actor
Granville Redmond, American painter
16
Gideon Moore, the first Deaf person to obtain a doctorate degree
Alexander Graham Bell, whose mother, Eliza Grace Symonds Bell, was hard of
hearing, and whose wife, Mabel Hubbard, became deaf at age 5
Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor raised by deaf parents, whose upbringing allowed him to communicate better in silent films
Kambri Crews, American author, comedic storyteller and producer who incorporates sign language in performances and whose maternal grandparents are also
deaf.
Louise Fletcher, American Academy Award-winning actress for One Flew Over
the Cuckoo's Nest
Edward Miner Gallaudet, founder of Gallaudet University, son of Sophia Fowler
Gallaudet and Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, founder of the American School for
the Deaf, the first school for the deaf in the U.S.
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, husband of Queen Elizabeth II, his mother
was deaf from birth
Keith Wann, performer in a deaf comedic troupe, Iceworm, showcasing cultural
and linguistic barriers between the deaf and hearing worlds
And this is not even a half of famous deaf people in history.
17
Special theatre
They sing with their hands and hear with their eyes. Actors from the Nedoslov
Theatre are hard-of-hearing or completely deaf. Most of them come to the theater after graduating from the Russian State Special Institute of Arts.
The Institute for the Arts provides professional training for young people with
disabilities in fine arts, music, and drama, bringing together students from all
over Russia and the former Soviet Union, and helping to breakdown barriers in
the arts. The mission of Nedoslov Theatre Company (Moscow) is to give people
with disabilities the opportunity to express themselves, presenting their own interpretation of reality through plasticity and miming, and building a bridge between the two worlds of people with and without disabilities. The theatrical project of deaf actors Nedoslov appeared in 2003. The participants of the project are
talented young professional actors that are deaf and hard of hearing. "We just
want this world to become kinder, better and perhaps wiser. A deaf actor feels
simpler and purer; he feels lies and falsity more sharply. The audience comes to
our theatre to find out some things the actors who are deaf have already discovered, that the world is more colorful," said Anna Bashenkova, Artistic Director
of Nedoslov Theatre Company.
Performances are oriented both on the spectator that can hear and on the deaf.
Nedoslov regularly stages it's performances in Moscow at the Institute of Arts,
plays on tour in Russia, takes part in student's and professional theatrical festivals of Russia and USA ("VSA" in Washington - USA (2004), "Abilities Festival" in Toronto - Canada (2005).
With Stalin's scorn and Soviet indifference, deaf people in Russia have not had
an easy time. Even now, they live in limbo. Russian sign language is not officially recognized, and many say social attitudes can be a problem too.
Deaf people in the country want Russian sign language to be accorded the status
of an official minority language. A recent conference devoted to the problems of
18
people with disabilities attracted attention to the challenges faced by the hearing
impaired.
The audience appreciates it, as a theater of deaf actors is a rarity in a world
mostly hostile to those speaking with their hands.
“It’s a panacea to me – without theatre, without acting, without art – I die!” says
a deaf woman from the audience.
Even their language does not officially exist. All previous attempts to pass a law
giving official recognition to Russian sign language have failed.
The problem dates back more than 70 years, when sign language was banned
from Soviet schools. In 1950 Stalin made the situation even worse by calling
it “not even a surrogate language”.
Despite what some might think, it is not a primitive way of conveying basic information. It is a fully fledged language capable of expressing just about anything.
Valery Rukhledev, the head of the All-Russian Federation of the Deaf, believes
there are more than ten million hard-of-hearing people in the country, yet he
says there are no interpreters, no TV channels catering for the deaf, almost nothing to ease their interaction with the world.
Recently there appeared the first beauty shop for the hard-of-hearing in Russia,
and it has a staff interpreter.
“It’s like being at home here,” a beauty client says. “You can chat, ask questions, say what you liked or disliked. At other hairdresser’s you feel constrained.
Here they are attentive. I feel respected here.”
If sign language is officially recognized in Russia, the lives of deaf and hard-ofhearing people will become easier. However, it would be only the first step in
making life sound the way it does for hearing people.
19
Russian theatre of actors with hearing impairments Nedoslov
A Moscow-based theatre called Nedoslov. Its troupe consists of professional
deaf actors. It means that they are a combination of dramatic and plastic theatre.
As their actors are deaf, they express their feelings and thoughts through their
body, eyes, hands, gestures and involve the audience into their world full of
hopes and dreams.
Nedoslov was several times in the USA with its performances (some of them are
accompanied by live music) and had a great success over there. In Russia we
regularly take part in different festivals and events.
Currently they have a huge problem as we do not have any state support or support from bodies responsible for deaf people. Therefore we are looking for possible partners in Russia and abroad who would be interested to cooperate with
us. We would be glad to discuss any suggestions: festivals, tours, events for deaf
people etc.
20
Deaf people and sports
Sports for the deaf community provide athletic competition without compromising athleticism. They also provide an opportunity for social interaction with other people who are in their position.
Before the 1920’s, there were not any programs being held for any type of disability group. A deaf man named Eugene Rubens-Alcais changed all that. He envisioned a national Olympics for deaf people. So he made a similar version of
the Olympics that were designed specifically for the deaf. Because of this, he
came to be known as the father of modern Olympics. Antoine Dresse shared this
dream with Eugene, so he helped to accomplish this goal (International Committee of Sports for the Deaf). Together they created the International Silent games
in 1924. The first summer games were held in Paris and included 9 nations and
145 athletes (International Committee of Sports for the Deaf). Some of the
games included were cycling, diving, football, shooting, swimming and tennis
(International Committee of Sports for the Deaf). In 1949, the winter games
were added. The first winter games were held in Seefeld, Austria and included 5
countries and 33 athletes (International Committee of Sports for the Deaf).
Since 2003, the International Silent games have been known as the deaflympics.
The next deaflympics is scheduled for February 10, 2011 in High Tatras, Slovakia (American Hearing Impaired Hockey Association). The deaflympics has
made tremendous progress in the number of countries and athletes that attend. In
2005, 2200 athletes from 70 countries participated (International Committee of
Sports for the Deaf).
There are many famous deaf athletes. The American Athletic Association of the
Deaf started a Hall of Fame in 1952. Since 1955, they annually pick an athlete
of the year. William Hoy was first of the many people inducted into their Hall of
Fame. William Hoy was an outstanding baseball player. He played for the Cincinnati Reds and the Washington Senators. He was the man who came up with
the signs that baseball umpires use when they declare strike, out, ball, safe, etc.
21
In 1952, he was inducted into the American Athletic Association of the Deaf’s
Hall of Fame.
Deaf people are interested in many different kinds of sports and enjoy playing
them. In fact, some deaf athletes can become professionals if that is their goal.
They need to work hard and practice, just like hearing athletes. Deaf people
have different skills too. Deaf people continue to play sports until the timer
buzzes or the referees stop the players. The deaf players know that the referee
will stop them at the right time. Deaf players may not know they've fouled or
been penalized. They keep playing until the referee calls them. In swimming,
hearing people use sounds to start the race. Deaf swimmers can watch the light
flash near the pool to let them know to start swimming right away.
22
Conclusion
Having studied the European ways of helping deaf people and having made a
detailed analysis of different spheres in deaf people’s life, I came to the conclusion that the lack of information and special programs in mass media is the reason of indifferent and even negative attitude toward this group of people.
23
Inference
I would like my project to make people better think about deaf people’s life and
not to ignore problems they face. Also I would like our society to understand the
reasons of different problems and make parents and teachers tell kids more
about deaf people and their situation. I can say that the aim of the project is realized. I managed to sign out the most urgent problems they face, show the role of
mass media, propaganda and neurolinguistic programming, investigate the experience in other countries, which we don’t follow. My hypothesis was confirmed.
The novelty of my project is the following: having studied special gestures,
which deaf people use to communicate with each other; we compiled a special
book, helping the deaf to study English. Also, we have visited special schools,
interviewed their teachers and pupils and tested our book there. We badly need
spreading positive experience of other countries and drawing attention to them
in Russia. Moreover, going to become a journalist this research has contributed
much to my experience as a future journalist. I hope that there are further prospects of this exploration and there will be new positive changes in deaf peoples’ life. A lot of facts I found in literature and investigated by myself were
new and exciting for me. Also I got skills of analysis, observation, selection of
materials, comparison, , generalization and questioning. I am glad that I have
made the research that can be used practically.
24
Appendices
Appendix 1
Do you know how many deaf people in Russia?
yes
no
haven't thought about it
Appendix 2
4.5
4
Genetically
3.5
3
Mothers' illness while
pregnancy
2.5
Head injuries in childhood
2
1.5
Children's infections
1
0.5
0
Why people become deaf?
25
Appendices
Appendix 3
Attitude towards deaf people
don't care
negavite
positive
Appendix 4
Do you think that deaf people need to be paid
more attention?
yes
no
26
Appendices
Appendix 5
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
Every day
20%
Never
15%
Once a week
10%
5%
0%
Once a month
How often do you see deaf
people in public places?
27