Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
Consists of:
1.
Heart
2.
Blood vessels
Situated:
In the mediastinum
Medial = towards middle
Sternum = central bone in between ribs
(breastbone)
Functions


Pump oxygen enriched blood into blood
vessels & onto all body tissues.
Collect blood low in oxygen from the
body & pump it to the lungs to get
more oxygen
pg 30
Heart
Organ Root
Heart
cardi
Combining Example Meaning
Form
cardi/o
carditis
Anatomy of heart
4 chambers:
1.
Upper - left atrium & right atrium
- receive blood from body
& lungs
2.
Lower - left & right ventricles
- pump blood to the body &
lungs

Septum divides left and right sides of heart
Anatomy (cont’d)
3 layers
1.
Epicardium - outer layer
2.
Myocardium – muscular middle layer
3.
Endocardium – inner layer
NB: pericardium – sac that surrounds
heart
pg 31
Heart valves
Stop blood flowing backwards

Tricupsid valve– between right artrium & right
ventricle

Mitral valve– between left atrium & ventricle

Aortic valve – between left ventricle & aorta
Blood vessels



Arteries – carry blood away from heart to
body & lungs
Veins – bring blood form body & lungs back
to the heart
Capillaries – tiny blood vessels and connect
arteries to veins where O2 & CO2 is exchanged
Word components
Organ
Root
word
Combining
form
Example
Meaning
Blood
vessel
Vas
vas/o, vascul/o
cardiovascular
relating to heart
and blood vessels
angi
angi/o
angiogram
X-ray of a blood
vessel
ven
ven/o
venogram
X-ray of a vein
Phleb
phleb/o
phlebitis
inflammation of a
vein
arter
arteri/o, arter/o
arteritis
inflammation of an
artery
arteriovenous
relating to both
artery and vein
Vein
Artery
pg 32
Blood circulation

Occurs in a figure 8
Blood Pressure
systolic reading - pressures on arteries
during contraction
diastolic reading – pressures on arteries on
relaxation


Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures
Blood Pressure (abbrev - BP)
AORTA
PULMONARY ARTERY
PULMONARY VEINS
TRICUSPID VALVE
PERICARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Coronary circulation


Although heart is continually pumping
blood it needs its own blood supply for
the heart muscle to work
arteries and veins supply heart with
blood rich in oxygen take away blood
low in oxygen ie coronary circulation
pg 33
TERM
Angiogram
Meaning
Phlebotomy
Meaning
Cardiology
Meaning
Cardiomegaly
Meaning
Aortorrhaphy
Meaning
ROOT WORD
SUFFIX
Diseases & Disorders







Angina pectoris
Arrhythmia
Bradycardia
Cardiology
Embolism
Endocarditis
Ischaemia
pg 34
Abbreviations






ABE – Acute bacterial endocarditis
ABG – Arterial blood gas
AMI – Acute Myocardial Infarction
CABGs – Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts
CCF – Congestive Cardiac Failure
ECG - Electrocardiogram
Symptomatic Terms





Cyanosis
Angiospasm
Arrhythmia
Ischaemia
tachycardia
Diagnostic Terms







Aneurysm – ballooning of an artery
Angina pectoris – pain in centre of chest
Atherosclerosis – hardening of arteries due to
fatty deposits
Coarctation – congenital narrowing of aorta
Hypoxia – lack of oxygen in tissues
Mitral stenosis – narrowing of mitral vavle
Thrombophlebitis – inflammation of wall of
vein with assoc.blood clot
Operative Terms






Anastamosis
Atherectomy
Cardiectomy
Defibrillation
Endarterectomy
transplantation