Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System Consists of: 1. Heart 2. Blood vessels Situated: In the mediastinum Medial = towards middle Sternum = central bone in between ribs (breastbone) Functions Pump oxygen enriched blood into blood vessels & onto all body tissues. Collect blood low in oxygen from the body & pump it to the lungs to get more oxygen pg 30 Heart Organ Root Heart cardi Combining Example Meaning Form cardi/o carditis Anatomy of heart 4 chambers: 1. Upper - left atrium & right atrium - receive blood from body & lungs 2. Lower - left & right ventricles - pump blood to the body & lungs Septum divides left and right sides of heart Anatomy (cont’d) 3 layers 1. Epicardium - outer layer 2. Myocardium – muscular middle layer 3. Endocardium – inner layer NB: pericardium – sac that surrounds heart pg 31 Heart valves Stop blood flowing backwards Tricupsid valve– between right artrium & right ventricle Mitral valve– between left atrium & ventricle Aortic valve – between left ventricle & aorta Blood vessels Arteries – carry blood away from heart to body & lungs Veins – bring blood form body & lungs back to the heart Capillaries – tiny blood vessels and connect arteries to veins where O2 & CO2 is exchanged Word components Organ Root word Combining form Example Meaning Blood vessel Vas vas/o, vascul/o cardiovascular relating to heart and blood vessels angi angi/o angiogram X-ray of a blood vessel ven ven/o venogram X-ray of a vein Phleb phleb/o phlebitis inflammation of a vein arter arteri/o, arter/o arteritis inflammation of an artery arteriovenous relating to both artery and vein Vein Artery pg 32 Blood circulation Occurs in a figure 8 Blood Pressure systolic reading - pressures on arteries during contraction diastolic reading – pressures on arteries on relaxation Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures Blood Pressure (abbrev - BP) AORTA PULMONARY ARTERY PULMONARY VEINS TRICUSPID VALVE PERICARDIUM MYOCARDIUM INFERIOR VENA CAVA Coronary circulation Although heart is continually pumping blood it needs its own blood supply for the heart muscle to work arteries and veins supply heart with blood rich in oxygen take away blood low in oxygen ie coronary circulation pg 33 TERM Angiogram Meaning Phlebotomy Meaning Cardiology Meaning Cardiomegaly Meaning Aortorrhaphy Meaning ROOT WORD SUFFIX Diseases & Disorders Angina pectoris Arrhythmia Bradycardia Cardiology Embolism Endocarditis Ischaemia pg 34 Abbreviations ABE – Acute bacterial endocarditis ABG – Arterial blood gas AMI – Acute Myocardial Infarction CABGs – Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts CCF – Congestive Cardiac Failure ECG - Electrocardiogram Symptomatic Terms Cyanosis Angiospasm Arrhythmia Ischaemia tachycardia Diagnostic Terms Aneurysm – ballooning of an artery Angina pectoris – pain in centre of chest Atherosclerosis – hardening of arteries due to fatty deposits Coarctation – congenital narrowing of aorta Hypoxia – lack of oxygen in tissues Mitral stenosis – narrowing of mitral vavle Thrombophlebitis – inflammation of wall of vein with assoc.blood clot Operative Terms Anastamosis Atherectomy Cardiectomy Defibrillation Endarterectomy transplantation