Go Beyond the Classroom
Image from Andrew Scott http://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewscott/2330212397/ under a Creative Commons license:
BY-NC-SA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
Enriching Scholarship
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available
under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
6 May 2010
Copyright © 2010 The Regents of the University of Michigan
what is OER?
why OER?
open.michigan
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“Openly Licensed?”
comes from the definition...
OER Definition:
“Open educational resources are educational
materials and resources offered freely and openly
for anyone to use and − under some licenses − to
remix, improve and redistribute.”
Wikipedia: OER, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources
OER Definition:
“Open educational resources are educational
materials and resources offered freely and openly
for anyone to use and under some licenses to
remix, improve and redistribute.”
Wikipedia: OER, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources
What types of materials can
become OER?
• Classroom Materials: including lecture
presentations, reading lists, syllabi, etc.
• Websites
• Videos
• Image Collections
• Software
The difference between:
Open Course Ware (OCW) and OER.
MIT OpenCourseWare, http://ocw.mit.edu/
OCW focuses on sharing open content that is
developed specifically to instruct a course
OER includes any educational content that is shared
under an open license, whether or not it is a part of
a course
OCW // OER - overlap
OER
OCW, single images,
general campus
lectures, image
collections, singular
learning modules,
paper or article
OCW
syllabi, lecture
notes, presentation
slides, assignments,
lecture videos - all
related to a course
OER are not:
• eLearning or distance learning
• Open Access
OA // OER - buddies
OA
free, permanent,
full-text, online
access to scientific
and scholarly
works
OER
openly licensed
educational
content
eLearning // OER - intersection
OER
eLearning
intersection represents open,
electronic, instructional
resources
creativecommons (flickr)
Open Licenses make it all possible.
More about licenses later...
what is OER?
why OER?
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benefits of OER: for faculty
benefits of OER: for faculty
recognition for their teaching
publish and promote their resources
connect with other collaborators
extend their reach and visibility
benefits of OER: for the university
benefits of OER: for the university
“The mission of the University of Michigan is to serve
the people of Michigan and the world through
preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving
and applying knowledge, art, and academic values,
and in developing leaders and citizens who will
challenge the present and enrich the future.”
University of Michigan Mission Statement, http://www.accreditation.umich.edu/mission/
benefits of OER: for the university
The mission of the University of Michigan is to serve
the people of Michigan and the world through
preeminence in creating, communicating, preserving
and applying knowledge, art, and academic values,
and in developing leaders and citizens who will
challenge the present and enrich the future.
University of Michigan Mission Statement, http://www.accreditation.umich.edu/mission/
what is OER?
why OER?
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Our mission is to help faculty, students, and staff
maximize the impact of their creative and
academic work by making it open and accessible
to the public.
projects
Open.Michigan Projects Page, https://open.umich.edu/connect/projects.php
OER
Open.Michigan Projects Page, https://open.umich.edu/connect/projects.php
OER-Contributing faculty from:
Engineering
LSA
Public Policy
Dentistry
Education
Information
Medicine
Nursing
Public Health
Architecture
What does OER
look like?
“This is a really good presentation. Very clear and
I like your examples and excel sheet calculations.
Thank you for the great lecture.”
“My teacher did not explain as clear as you did.”
“Thanks for this video. Very well explained and
with examples.”
So, what makes these
OER?
So, how do I
create OER?
what is OER?
why OER?
open.michigan
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It's easiest to create open
content from the start.
Start now by making a
small change in how you
create your own content.
what is OER?
why OER?
open.michigan
generate OER
license
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“Open Licenses”
There are many types...
Non-Software Licenses:
Creative Commons
GNU Free Documentation License
Software Licenses:
GPL
Apache
BSD
OER *mostly* uses
Creative Commons Licenses
Creative Commons
Creative Commons, http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Sharing_Creative_Works_14
Creative Commons: licenses
Some rights reserved: a spectrum.
All Rights
Reserved
Public
Domain
least restrictive
most restrictive
But...
OER Definition:
“Open educational resources are educational
materials and resources offered freely and openly
for anyone to use and under some licenses to remix, improve and redistribute.”
Wikipedia: OER, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_educational_resources
OER Creative Commons: licenses
Some rights reserved: a spectrum for OER
Public
Domain
least restrictive
X XX
All Rights
Reserved
most restrictive
What does this
mean for you?
Go Beyond the Classroom
Image from Andrew Scott http://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewscott/2330212397/ under a Creative Commons license:
BY-NC-SA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
Enriching Scholarship
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available
under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
6 May 2010
Copyright © 2010 The Regents of the University of Michigan
what is OER?
why OER?
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When possible, use only:
Openly Licensed (or Public Domain) Content
Where to find openly licensed or public
domain media:
https://open.umich.edu/share/use.php
what is OER?
why OER?
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BY: betsyjean79 (flickr)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
add some extra information:
: author name
: link to content
: license name
: link to license
https://open.umich.edu/share/cite.php
67
On
Slide
BY: betsyjean79 (flickr)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en
On
Slide
OER
Let’s do it right from the start.
CC: BY-SA Phil McElhinney (flickr)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
On Slide
Lady Finger
Learning about Orchids
Phalaenopsis
Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
A Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
A Phalaenopsis hybrid
Additional Source Information
Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997
Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon,
http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-SA
2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
At the end of the presentation
what is OER?
why OER?
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what if you want to make your
previous work available as OER?
what types of third-party images
might you have in your content?
Artwork
these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Illustrations: Cartoons
these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Illustrations: Chemical Representations
Drawings and Diagrams
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Charts
Graphs
Graphics
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Scientific Images
Ads, CD/Book/Movie Covers, Screenshots
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Photographs
some of these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
Text: Quotes, Passages, Poems
The Mesh
We have come to the cross-roads
And I must either leave or come with you.
I lingered over the choice
But in the darkness of my doubts
You lifted the lamp of love
And I saw in your face
The road that I should take.
- Kwesi Brew
some of these excerpts used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
what should you do with them?
possible actions
:: retain : keep the content because it is
licensed under an Open license or is in the
public domain
:: replace : you may want to replace content
that is not Openly licensed (and thus not
shareable)
:: remove : you may need to remove content
due to privacy, endorsement or copyright
concerns
What action would you recommend
for this object & why?
Retain: Ineligible for
copyright
– This is a basic graph. Data
is not copyrightable. This is
a basic representation of
data containing no creative
expression. If you and I both
had this data, we could
generate the same graph
easily.
U.S. copyright law does not apply to:
- Facts
- Information
- Data
- Statistics
- Obvious means of selecting,
arranging, and organizing facts,
data and information
- alphabetical, geographical, order
of importance or relevance, natural
sequence (time, seasonal)
U.S. copyright law does not apply to:
- Opinions
- Ideas
- Concepts
- Principles
- Theories
- Hypothesis
- Algorithms
- Recipes
- Descriptions and Representations
of a process, procedure, function,
system, method of operation
U.S. copyright law does not apply to:
- Citations
- References
- Quotations
- Brief excerpts
- Works created by an employee of
the federal government as part of
official duties
What action would you recommend
for this object & why?
Retain: Public
Domain
Federal government
documents are in
the public domain.
What action(s) would you recommend for these?
Replace or
Remove
these images used under section 107, U.S. copyright law: fair use
what is OER?
why OER?
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Pop quiz
What is the distinction between OER
and free educational resources?
A. You do not have to pay for free resources
and you may have to pay for open
resources.
B. Open resources are available only online
and free resources can be electronic or
paper.
C. Open resources are free resources but free
resources are not necessarily open
resources.
D. There is no difference between the two.
What is the relationship between
eLearning and OER?
A. They are names for the same thing: free
online learning resources.
B. All OER are eLearning resources but not
all eLearning resources are OER.
C. OER is openly licensed and eLearning
resources may or may not be openly
licensed.
What does CC BY NC SA stand
for?
•
•
•
•
CC = Creative Commons
BY = Attribution
NC = Noncommercial
SA = Share Alike
Which represent the types of intellectual
property? (Hint: There are 4.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Derivative works
Patent
Trade secret
Contracts
Torts
Copyright
Translation
Encryption
Trademark
What are the three areas of consideration in
the reviewing materials before publishing
them as OER?
• Copyright
• Privacy
• Endorsement
main policy considerations
:: copyright : U.S. law grants limited exclusive
rights to authors of creative works
:: privacy : the protection of patient and
student privacy
:: endorsement : avoiding the appearance of
endorsing a 3rd party
Speaking of copyright…
What is the origin U.S. copyright
(hint: think legal documents)?
A. The U.S. Copyright Act of 1976
B. The Progress Clause of the U.S.
Constitution
C. The Commerce Clause of the U.S.
Constitution
D. The Magna Carta
E. The Declaration of Independence
What is the purpose of copyright?
“To promote the progress of Science and
Useful Arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to
their respective writings and discoveries.”
U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 8, Clause
8
– Goal: To advance knowledge
– How: Exclusive rights on creative works for
limited times
True or False: In order for an object
to qualify for copyright protection, it
must be marked with a (C) symbol
False.
See: The Berne Convention Implementation Act of
1988 (BCIA).
True or false: A work must be
published and registered in order to
be granted copyright protection.
False.
Copyright rewards which of the
following:
A. Effort
B. Ingenuity
C. Creative expression
D. Uniqueness
E. All
See Supreme Court case:
Feist v. Rural (1991)
True or False: Any presentation
slides that I would use in the
classroom I could also publish as
OER simply by posting them online.
False
Instructors often have content created by others in
their lecture slides: scanned images from textbooks,
images that they found on Google images, or slides
that were created by a faculty member who taught the
course during a previous semester. This is
copyrighted content that you can use in the classroom
but you cannot publish as OER. In order for you to
publish your lecture materials as OER, you will have
to review them for copyright, privacy, and
endorsement issues. You must also add add open
license such as Creative Commons.
Now on to some scenarios
For the next four questions, you are a
professor who is creating an open
educational resource. You are searching
for images, articles, and presentations
that you can include in your program.
You come across the following
educational materials. Can you use them
in your OER?
A scanned photo from a textbook
that says "© 1980 All rights
reserved" on the cover page
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
See the notes
page for this slide
for a detailed
explanation
A free, online article with no
copyright notification (©)
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
See the notes
page for this slide
for a detailed
explanation
An instructional video with a
Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial license
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
The Creative Commons Attribution
Non-commercial (CC BY NC)
license is one of several Creative
Commons licenses that may be
attached to OER. This means that
you can include it in your OER as
long as you credit the author, do
not use it for commercial purposes,
and link back to the CC BY NC
license.
A set of presentation slides
developed by a colleague at your
institution.
A. Yes
B. No
C. It depends
See the notes
page for this slide
for a detailed
explanation
end of quiz
closing remarks
It's easiest to create open
content from the start.
By making a small change
in how you create your
own content…
…and licensing your
creations as OER…
…you can gain
recognition, publish and
promote your research and
teaching materials,
connect with collaborators,
and preserve and apply
knowledge.
Questions?
open.michigan@umich.edu
open.umich.edu
Many slides in this presentation were
produced in collaboration with Garin Fons,
Pieter Kleymeer, Kathleen Ludewig, Greg
Grossmeier, and Susan Topol.
Find more material online at
http://open.umich.edu/share/
http://open.umich.edu/wiki/