Test Review!
New England
New Hampshire, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut
1. How did most people make a living? Why?
• Rocky soil poor for farming, but forests were rich with
lumber, shipbuilding, fishing, whaling, fur trapping
2. What were town meeting?
• Where settlers discussed and voted on many issues
Middle
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Delaware
1. Why are the middle colonies known as the “bread
basket” colonies?
• Many farms producing wheat, grain, barley – food for
the rest of the colonies
South
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Georgia
1. Name some of the profitable crops grown in
the South
– Tobacco, indigo, rice
2. By the 1700’s plantations in the South relied
mostly on what form of labor to clear land, work
the crops, and tend the livestock?
– Slave labor
Life in the colonies
1. What is the difference between an import and an
export?
– Export = goods that are sent to markets outside the
country, Import = goods brought into the country
2. What is a legislature?
– Lawmaking body – power to make laws, each colony
developed its own gov’t with lawmaking powers
3. Who did not have rights in many colonies?
– Women (especially married women), Native
Americans, African-Americans (free or enslaved), in
most colonies you had to be part of the church to
vote, or own property
French and Indian War
1. What was the conflict that led to the war?
– Who had claims to the Ohio River Valley
2. What did both sides do to stake claim to the land?
– Build forts
3. Were the Native Americans on the British or French side?
– Both! French – Huron, Algonquin British – Iroquois
4. Who did the governor of Virginia send West to build a fort? He
ended up confronting the French and beginning the war!
– George Washington
5. What did Franklin hope to achieve with the Albany Plan of
Union? Did it pass?
– One central government for all the colonies, was not approved
6. What was the main effect of the war?
– French no longer a major power in North America
Taxation begins
1. What was Pontiac’s War and how did the King respond?
– Native American attacks on British settlement west of
Appalachians, Proclamation of 1763 (no more settlement
allowed)
2. Why did the King begin taxing the colonies?
– Britain in debt b/c of war
3. What was the first tax on the colonies?
– Sugar Act
4. What was the second tax?
– Stamp Act – printed materials in colonies
5. How did the colonists respond and what was the effect?
– Stamp Act Congress, petition and boycott, tar and feathering
officials, British repeal the tax
Unrest in Colonies
1. What was the biggest complaint the colonists had
about the taxes?
– “No taxation without representation!” (not
represented in British Parliament, so therefore they
had no right to tax us)
2. What were the Townshend Acts?
– Indirect tax on glass, paper, tea, etc.. Also gave
British rights to search ships without a warrant
3. What group did Sam Adams form in response to
British policies? What methods did they use?
– Sons of Liberty – used both peaceful and violent
means to resist British policies, letter writing
committees (Committees of Correspondence)
From Bad to Worse
1. What happened in Boston that caused colonists
to declare it a “massacre” ?
– Colonists were shot by British officers, officers claimed
self – defense, calling it a massacre led to outrage in
colonies
2. The British responded by repealing most of the
taxes, except for the tax on…
– TEA! The BEIC was essentially given a monopoly on
the tea trade
3. How did the Sons of Liberty respond?
– Boston Tea Party – over 300 chests thrown into the
harbor in protest
British Strike Back!
1. What is the name of the series of laws passed in
response to the Boston Tea Party?
– Intolerable Acts
2. Give three of the four laws that made up the
Intolerable Acts
– Shut down port of Boston until all tea is paid for
– Town meetings restricted
– British officials charged with a crime would be tried in
Britain
– New Quartering Act
3. Colonial leaders call a meeting to respond? What is
the meeting called and where is it held?
– Philadelphia – First Continental Congress – Carpenter’s Hall
Colonies prepare for war!
1. Name two of the three resolutions passed by the First
Continental Congress
– Support Massachusetts
– Full boycott of all British goods
– Each colony to train a militia (citizen soldiers)
2. What do we call the volunteers who were to be “ready in a
minute’s notice?”
– Minutemen
3. Why did Paul Revere and others gallop through the night
toward Concord?
– The British left Boston with 700 troops in the night, looking to
find colonial weapons, he was trying to warn the minutemen to
get ready!
4. Where were the “shots heard around the world”?
– Lexington and Concord – the start of the American Revolution
Colonies
Taxation
Protest
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What was the Albany Plan of Union and was it
passed?
Called for unity of the colonies against the
French (to support the British) in the French and
Indian War, it was voted down
Which colonial region was considered the
“bread basket” WHY?
Middle – Majority of people made their living
farming – produced food for the other colonies
(wheat, barley, rye)
Give two details about life in the Southern
colonies
Cash crops such as rice, indigo, tobacco
produced, slave labor used
What is the difference between an indentured
servant and a slave?
Indentured laborers sign contracts to work without
wages for a time in exchange for passage to
America and/or learning a valuable trade
Slaves are bought and become the permanent
property of the owner
What language did the Pennsylvania Dutch
speak?
German (Deutsch became Dutch from
mispronunciation, these people are NOT from
the Netherlands, but modern day Germany)
Today the Amish still speak German!
What was first tax that led to major protests in
the colonies? And also a meeting of delegates
from the colonies in New York?
Stamp Act
Why did the colonists MOST protest the British
taxes?
They were not represented in the British
lawmaking body (Parliament)
“No taxation without representation!”
The purpose of this act was to provide housing
and supplies for the British soldiers
Quartering Act
How did the Townshend Act attempt to tax the
colonies? What else were the British also
allowed to do at the ports that went against the
rights of the colonists?
Indirectly tax them – added at sea ports, so price
of good already had tax included
Search ships without a warrant to catch
smugglers who were trying to avoid the tax
What series of taxes did the British pass following
the Boston Tea Party? Name two of the four parts
Intolerable Acts
- Closed ports of Boston
- No trials for British in colony
- Limit town meetings
- New Quartering act passed
What was the name of the group that Sam
Adams formed to lead protests in Boston?
Sons of Liberty
What methods of protest were used in the
colonies?
Name 3
Non-violent (petitions, boycotts), violent (tar
and feathering, throwing rocks at British
officials), letter writing, protest rallies, burning
effigies
How did the colonists respond to the hated tax
on tea? Who organized this event?
Boston Tea Party – threw over 300 chests of tea
into the harbor, over $1 million loss, lead by Sam
Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Name the two meetings that occurred in the
colonies to organize against the British taxation
Stamp Act Congress
Continental Congress
What reason did Parliament give for raising
taxes in the colonies after 1763>
Colonists should help pay for the French and
Indian War
What is a colony?
An area under the control of another country,
usually occupied by settlers from that country
What does triangular trade mean?
Exchange of goods from West Africa, Caribbean, and
colonies
- Slaves come out of West Africa and go to
Caribbean, in the Caribbean sugar cane is produced which
is sold to colonies to make rum, slaves are bought with
rum and other manufactured goods from the colonies
and the cycle begins again
What is a legislature?
Law making body
Why did the British issue the
Proclamation of 1763?
To keep colonists safe from Native American
attacks occurring west of the Appalachian
mountains
Put the following events in chronological order:
Intolerable Acts
Proclamation of 1763
Boston Massacre
Lexington and Concord
French and Indian War
Boston Tea Party
French and Indian War, Proclamation of 1763,
Boston Massacre, Boston Tea party, Intolerable
Acts, Lexington and Concord