Chapter 3 Test
Review
November 23, 2014
Part A: Population Growth
1. Birthrate – the average number of births each year per
1,000 population
2. Death Rate – the average number of deaths each year per
1,000 population
3. Migration – people moving from one place to the other
4. Population Density – the average number of people living in
a square mile
5. Earth’s population has grown very fast because:
• birthrate has increased
• death rate has decreased
• people are living longer (life expectancy increase)
Part A: Population Growth
6. Three challenges that our growing population creates are:
•
•
•
•
•
lack of resources
lack of living space
not enough jobs
pollution
lack of energy sources
7. People tend to live in areas that have these three
characteristics:
• mild climates
• low, flat land with fertile soil
• near natural and water resources
Part B: Elements of Culture
8. Social Groups – the way we divide a culture into different
groups. Groups have expected rules of behavior that are
taught within the group.
9. Language – the unique way that a culture group
communicates with one another
10. Religion – the system of believing that a culture relies on to
explain the world and provide hope
11. History – the major events in a culture’s past, and how those
events shape them today
12. Daily Life – the activities a group participates in on a daily
basis, like clothing, food, and entertainment
13. Arts – how a culture expresses what they see as beautiful,
and what that says about the values of a culture
Part C: Economic and Political
Systems
14. Economic System – the way a group of people produces,
sells, and consumes goods and services
15. Political System – the way a group maintains order through
the use of a government
16. Market Economy – works by allowing anyone to own a
business, with these businesses competing for consumers.
Prices are controlled by competition and supply and
demand.
• Advantage: quality product at a low price, hard work pays off
• Disadvantage: not everyone is equal, winners win, but losers lose,
high taxes
Part C: Economic and Political
Systems
17. Command Economy – works by having government own all
businesses, with the government using profits to benefit
society
• Advantage: everyone is equal, and taxes are low
• Disadvantage: no competition, higher prices, workers can be lazy
18. What is a mixed economy? Provide an example of how one
might work.
• A mixed economy is one where people get to own some
businesses, but government owns and regulates others.
Part C: Economic and Political
Systems
19. Direct Democracy – system where people make all decisions
directly
20. Representative Democracy – system where people vote for
officials to make decisions for them
21. Traditional Monarchy – system with a king or queen, based
on birth, and who has unlimited power to make decisions
22. Constitutional Monarchy – system with a king or queen
whose power is limited, while people retain power to vote
23. Dictatorship – system where all power is held by one person,
or a small group, usually with support of army
Part D: Resources and World
Trade
24. What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources?
• Renewable resources can be replaced and we cannot run out of
them. Nonrenewable are limited to what’s on Earth.
25. What is the difference between a developed and a
developing country?
• Developed countries have advanced industries and advanced
technology, making money off of manufacturing and selling
products. Developing countries rely on agriculture and natural
resources for income, and lack industry.
26. What is the difference between an export and an import?
• An export is sold to another country for money, an import is
bought from another country.
Part D: Resources and World
Trade
27. What are two different barriers to trading between nations?
How does each of these barriers work?
• Tariff – a tax placed on an imported good, making that good
more expensive than a good made within that country
• Quota – a law passed that places a limit on the amount of a good
a country will import, which forces people in that country to buy
a good produced in that country.