Friday December 14th 2012

QU: Why do we breathe?
**Need book the rest of the Unit**
*Final Review is online!!*

OBJ: S.M. Q’s, Types of energy and uses,
Over Test
“Cockroaches can live for 9 days after
their head has been cut off.”
Monday December 17th 2012

QU: What is the word equation for cellular
respiration?
**Turn in Energy Homework to HW Bin**
*CR Project Due at the End of the Hour
WedNesday*

OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”
Cellular Respiration
Who? Why? Where? What?
In what organisms does cellular
respiration take place?
(WHO?)

Plants - Autotrophs:
◦ self-producers.

Animals - Heterotrophs:
◦ consumers.
Plants and Animals…
Why do we care about
Cellular Respiration?

We eat complex foods with large
molecules.
◦ These foods are full of energy BUT our body is
not prepared to use the energy in that state.
 We have to change it……
WHY?

Solution: Our body digests
macromolecules into their monomers.
◦ Main focus for this class: carbohydrates into
glucose.

Then cellular respiration retrieves the
glucose and takes over!!
WHY? (cont.)

Cellular respiration’s main function
◦ Turn glucose into useable ATP
◦ 38 ATP per Glucose molecule
◦ Also forms carbon dioxide and water
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
WHY? (cont.)
Where does Cellular
Respiration occur?

Cellular Respiration occurs in the…
◦ Cytoplasm
 Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm)
◦ Mitochondria
 Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix
 Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner
Mitochondrial Membrane
WHERE?
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane space
Inner
membrane
WHERE? (cont.)
Matrix
Cristae
What happens in
Cellular Respiration?

Cellular Respiration:
◦ catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring
process that uses energy to extract energy
(ATP) from macromolecules (glucose).
 Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down
 Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
WHAT?

Adenosine Tri-Phospate:
◦ Made of three things
 1.) Ribose (sugar)
 2.) Adenosine (base)
 3.) Three phosphates
◦ Key to the activity of ATP
AMP, ADP, ATP

ATP works by losing the endmost phosphate
group when instructed to do so by an
enzyme.

As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to
AMP it loses a phosphate.
◦ With each lost phosphate more energy is released

This reaction releases a lot of energy, which
the organism can then use to build proteins,
contact muscles, etc
AMP, ADP, ATP
ATP
ADP
AMP
ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy
HOW: Steps of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle
and Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Tuesday December 18th 2012

QU: How is energy released from the ATP?
*CR Project Due Weds. at the end of the hour*
Absent yesterday? Turn in your HW from Friday

OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project
“The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

Cellular Respiration is broken into three
main parts.
◦ 1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose)
◦ 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the
energy from glucose
◦ 3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase:
Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use
**In total makes 38 ATP**
WHAT? (cont.)
Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of
mitochondria.
 Two phases:

A. Energy investment phase
-Put energy in
B. Energy yielding phase
-Get energy out
Glycolysis

Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2
molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration
Glucose (6C)
C-C-C-C-C-C
2ATP
2ADP +
2P
2 ATP - used
0 ATP - produced
0 NADH - produced
C-C-C
C-C-C
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)
(G3P or GAP)
Glycolysis: Step 1

Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for
your investment by 4 ATP molecules
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)
GAP
GAP
C-C-C C-C-C
4ADP + 4P
0 ATP - used
4 ATP - produced
2 NADH - produced
4ATP
C-C-C C-C-C
(PYR) (PYR)
Pyruvate (2 - 3C)
Glycolysis: Step 2

Total Net Yield:
2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR)
2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP)
2 - NADH
Glycolysis: The final picture

The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose
one carbon each.

Now they each have only 2 carbons and
are called Acetyl CoA
(PYR) (PYR)
C-C-C C-C-C
C-C
Acetyl CoA
C-C
Acetyl CoA
“The In-between”

Location: Mitochondrial Matrix

Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic
acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).

It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to
oxidize 1 glucose molecule.
◦ Oxidize: remove electrons for energy
Mitochondrial
Matrix
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle)
1.
2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
-Substrate-level phosphorylation: when phosphates are
added directly to a molecule of ADP or AMP to make ATP
2. 6 – NADH
3. 2 - FADH2
4. 4 - CO2
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
2 Acetyl CoA (2C)
Citrate (6C)
OAA (4C)
4 CO2
Krebs
Cycle
2 FADH2
6 NAD+
2 FAD
6 NADH
2 ATP
2 ADP +
P
2 x around = Krebs Cycle
Steps of Cellular Respiration
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
and Oxidative Phosphorylation
WedNesday December 19th 2012

QU:
Step
Location
Net Gain of ATPs
1.
2.
*CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour*
**CR Quiz on Friday**
***Journals Due Friday***

OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project
“In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless
you had a doctor's prescription.”

Location: inner mitochondrial
membrane.

ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make
ATP.

ETC is a series of transport proteins that
pump H+ and electrons across the inner
membrane to make ATP and Water.
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP
during this stage of cellular respiration.

Each NADH converts to 3 ATP.

Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP.

Water is also made

Oxidative Phosphorylation: ATP synthesized from a proton gradient using
electron pumps and ATP Synthase
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Electron Transport Chain
Total ATP Yield
1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
2. 34 ATP - ETC
38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield
ETC Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_
mode=1
Total ATP Yield…
Thursday December 20th 2012

QU:
Stage of
Cellular
Respiration
Location of
Stage
# of ATPs
Produced
(Net Gain)
*Quiz tomorrow*
**Bring Book the Rest of the Unit**
*Test on the Weds. You Return*

OBJ: Cellular Respiration Webquest
Friday December 21st 2012

QU: What is the equation for Cellular
Respiration?
**Bring Book the Rest of the Unit**
*Test on the Weds. You Return*

OBJ: C.R. Quiz, Over Energy, Review
Monday January 7th 2013

QU:
Stage of
Cellular
Respiration
Location of
Stage
# of ATPs
Produced
(Net Gain)
**Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday**
*Make-up Quiz today after school or tomorrow
before school*

OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review









Syllabus
Word Search
Chapter 7 Section 1 Notes
Cellular Respiration Project
Cellular Respiration Webquest
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Review
Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer
Cellular Respiration Practice Quiz
Cellular Respiration Hand Written Notes
Binder Organization: Ch 7
Tuesday January 8th 2013

QU: What is one question you still have
about cellular respiration?
**Chapter Review Due tomorrow**
*Binder Due Tomorrow*

OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review
WedNesday January 9th 2013

QU: How did you study for this test?
**Chapter Review to the HW Bin**
*Binder to my Lab Table*

OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test