THE U.S. CONSTITUTION: PEOPLE
Who was Chairman of the
Constitutional Convention?
Who was Chairman of the
Constitutional Convention?
ANSWER!
A Virginian,
George Washington
Who is called “Father of the Constitution?”
Who is called “Father of the Constitution?”
Answer!
A Virginian,
James Madison
Who often led debate and kept copious notes
of the Constitutional proceedings (a record for historians)?
Who often led debate and kept copious notes
of the Constitutional proceedings (a record for historians)?
ANSWER!
James Madison
Who authored much of the “Virginia Plan,” which
proposed 3 separate branches (legislative, executive, and
judicial) and became the foundation for the structure
of the new government?
Who authored much of the “Virginia Plan,” which
proposed 3 separate branches (legislative, executive, and
judicial) and became the foundation for the structure
of the new government?
ANSWER!
James Madison
What were the Constitutional ratification debates?
What were the Constitutional ratification debates?
ANSWER!
A debate/discussion about whether
or not the country should adopt the U.S. Constitution
What two groups debated in Constitutional ratification debates?
What two groups debated in Constitutional ratification debates?
ANSWER!
Federalist and Anti-Federalist
FEDERALIST
Constitution
Power
“Checks and
Balances
Factions
(political subgroups)
Bill of Rights
Pro-Ratification
ANTI-FEDERALIST
Anti-Ratification
FEDERALIST
ANTI-FEDERALIST
Constitution
Pro-Ratification
Anti-Ratification
Power
National Government, sharing
some power with states
State Government, fearful
of strong national gov’t
would usurp state power
“Checks and
Balances
Factions
(political subgroups)
Bill of Rights
FEDERALIST
ANTI-FEDERALIST
Constitution
Pro-Ratification
Anti-Ratification
Power
National Government, sharing
some power with states
State Government, fearful
of strong national gov’t
would usurp state power
“Checks and
Balances
Favored balances between three
branches of government
(legislative, executive, judicial)each branch prevent any from
holding too much power
Did not believe “checks
and balances” would
protect states and
individuals from a strong
national government
Factions
(political subgroups)
Bill of Rights
FEDERALIST
ANTI-FEDERALIST
Constitution
Pro-Ratification
Anti-Ratification
Power
National Government, sharing
some power with states
State Government, fearful
of strong national gov’t
would usurp state power
“Checks and
Balances
Favored balances between three
branches of government
(legislative, executive, judicial)each branch prevent any from
holding too much power
Did not believe “checks
and balances” would
protect states and
individuals from a strong
national government
Factions
(political subgroups)
Favored factions, believed they
would provide checks on each
others power
Did not believe factions
were a helpful check on
power
Bill of Rights
FEDERALIST
ANTI-FEDERALIST
Constitution
Pro-Ratification
Anti-Ratification
Power
National Government, sharing
some power with states
State Government, fearful
of strong national gov’t
would usurp state power
“Checks and
Balances
Favored balances between three
branches of government
(legislative, executive, judicial)each branch prevent any from
holding too much power
Did not believe “checks
and balances” would
protect states and
individuals from a strong
national government
Factions
(political subgroups)
Favored factions, believed they
would provide checks on each
others power
Did not believe factions
were a helpful check on
power
Bill of Rights
Redundant, Constitution already
protected basic rights, most
states already had bills of rights
that protect the people
Favored, MUST have a Bill
of Rights to protect the
people from the powers of
government
Who “won” the ratification debates?
Who “won” the ratification debates?
ANSWER!
Federalist (the Constitution was approved
with “checks and balances” and a balance of
power between national and state government)
What was the most important contribution
of the Anti-Federalists to the Constitution?
What was the most important contribution
of the Anti-Federalists to the Constitution?
ANSWER!
Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments to the
Constitution, protecting basic rights of
individuals—speech, religion, press, etc.)
Who authored much of the Bill of Rights?
Who authored much of the Bill of Rights?
ANSWER!
James Madison
What document influenced the Bill of Rights’ protection
of basic human rights, the notion that rights should
not be violated by government?
What document influenced the Bill of Rights’ protection
of basic human rights, the notion that rights should
not be violated by government?
ANSWER!
Virginia Declaration of Rights
(Hint: notice how the document uses
Enlightenment ideas of “natural rights”)
"all men are born equally free and independent,
and have certain inherent natural rights,...among which
are the Enjoyment of Life and Liberty, with the means
of acquiring and possessing Property, and pursuing
and obtaining Happiness and Safety."
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?
"all men are born equally free and independent,
and have certain inherent natural rights,...among which
are the Enjoyment of Life and Liberty, with the means
of acquiring and possessing Property, and pursuing
and obtaining Happiness and Safety."
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?
ANSWER!
George Mason
"all men are born equally free and independent,
and have certain inherent natural rights,...among which
are the Enjoyment of Life and Liberty, with the means
of acquiring and possessing Property, and pursuing
and obtaining Happiness and Safety."
What document influenced the
Bill of Rights’ protection of religious freedom?
What document influenced the
Bill of Rights’ protection of religious freedom?
ANSWER!
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom- outlawed
established church, no government could
favor one church
"the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience"
Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
"the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience"
Who wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
ANSWER!
Thomas Jefferson
(Hint: Jefferson placed on his tombstone the Statute for
Religious Freedom as one of his important achievements)
"the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience"
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
Who was “Father of the Constitution?”
George Washington
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
George Washington
Who was “Father of the Constitution?”
James Madison
Who often led debate at the Constitutional
Convention and kept copious notes of the
proceedings—record for historians?
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
George Washington
Who was “Father of the Constitution?”
James Madison
Who often led debate at the Constitutional
Convention and kept copious notes of the
proceedings—record for historians?
James Madison
Who authored the “Virginia Plan,” the plan
which became the foundation for the
structure of the new government?
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
George Washington
Who was “Father of the Constitution?”
James Madison
Who often led debate at the Constitutional
Convention and kept copious notes of the
proceedings—record for historians?
James Madison
Who authored the “Virginia Plan,” the plan
which became the foundation for the
structure of the new government?
James Madison
Who authored much of the Bill of Rights?
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
George Washington
Who was “Father of the Constitution?”
James Madison
Who often led debate at the Constitutional
Convention and kept copious notes of the
proceedings—record for historians?
James Madison
Who authored the “Virginia Plan,” the plan
which became the foundation for the
structure of the new government?
James Madison
Who authored much of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
What document influenced the Bill of
Rights by arguing that basic human rights
should not be violated by government?
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
George Washington
Who was “Father of the Constitution?”
James Madison
Who often led debate at the Constitutional
Convention and kept copious notes of the
proceedings—record for historians?
James Madison
Who authored the “Virginia Plan,” the plan
which became the foundation for the
structure of the new government?
James Madison
Who authored much of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
What document influenced the Bill of
Rights by arguing that basic human rights
should not be violated by government?
Virginia Declaration of Rights
What document influenced the Bill of
Rights by outlawing the established
church?
Who was “chairman” of the Constitutional
Convention?
George Washington
Who was “Father of the Constitution?”
James Madison
Who often led debate at the Constitutional
Convention and kept copious notes of the
proceedings—record for historians?
James Madison
Who authored the “Virginia Plan,” the plan
which became the foundation for the
structure of the new government?
James Madison
Who authored much of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
What document influenced the Bill of
Rights by arguing that basic human rights
should not be violated by government?
Virginia Declaration of Rights
What document influenced the Bill of
Rights by outlawing the established
church?
Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the first 10 Amendments to the
U.S. Constitution called?
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the first 10 Amendments to the
U.S. Constitution called?
Bill of Rights
Who wrote much of the Bill of Rights?
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the first 10 Amendments to the
U.S. Constitution called?
Bill of Rights
Who wrote much of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
Who argued in favor of ratification of the
U.S. Constitution?
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the first 10 Amendments to the
U.S. Constitution called?
Bill of Rights
Who wrote much of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
Who argued in favor of ratification of the
U.S. Constitution?
Federalists
Who argued against ratification of the U.S.
Constitution?
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the first 10 Amendments to the
U.S. Constitution called?
Bill of Rights
Who wrote much of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
Who argued in favor of ratification of the
U.S. Constitution?
Federalists
Who argued against ratification of the U.S.
Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
Who favored a strong national government
that shared some power with the states?
Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of
Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the first 10 Amendments to the
U.S. Constitution called?
Bill of Rights
Who wrote much of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
Who argued in favor of ratification of the
U.S. Constitution?
Federalists
Who argued against ratification of the U.S.
Constitution?
Anti-Federalists
Who favored a strong national government
that shared some power with the states?
Federalists
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one
branch from become too powerful?
Who believed a strong national
government was necessary to facilitate
interstate commerce and to manage
foreign trade, national defense, and
foreign relations?
Federalists
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
Federalists
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
Federalists
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who feared a strong national government
and insisted on a national Bill of Rights to
protect people from the power of gov’t?
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
Federalists
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who feared a strong national government
and insisted on a national Bill of Rights to
protect people from the power of gov’t?
Who argued that a republic could survive in
a territory as large as the U.S. because
political factions (political parties) would
check each others power?
Anti-Federalists
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
Federalists
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who feared a strong national government
and insisted on a national Bill of Rights to
protect people from the power of gov’t?
Anti-Federalists
Who argued that a republic could survive in
a territory as large as the U.S. because
political factions (political parties) would
check each others power?
Federalists
Who “won” the Constitutional ratification
debates?
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
Federalists
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who feared a strong national government
and insisted on a national Bill of Rights to
protect people from the power of gov’t?
Anti-Federalists
Who argued that a republic could survive in
a territory as large as the U.S. because
political factions (political parties) would
check each others power?
Federalists
Who “won” the Constitutional ratification
debates?
Federalists (strong national
government, with some power with
states)
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
Federalists
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who feared a strong national government
and insisted on a national Bill of Rights to
protect people from the power of gov’t?
Anti-Federalists
Who argued that a republic could survive in
a territory as large as the U.S. because
political factions (political parties) would
check each others power?
Federalists
Who “won” the Constitutional ratification
debates?
Federalists (strong national
government, with some power with
states)
Whose primary contribution was a national
Bill of Rights to protect individual rights
from the power of government?
Who argued that checks and balances in
the Constitution prevented any one branch
from become too powerful?
Federalists
Who believed a strong national government Federalists
was necessary to facilitate interstate
commerce and to manage foreign trade,
national defense, and foreign relations?
Who argued that a national Bill of Rights
Federalists
would be redundant because the
Constitution itself protected basic rights and
most states already had bill of rights?
Who feared a strong national government
and insisted on a national Bill of Rights to
protect people from the power of gov’t?
Anti-Federalists
Who argued that a republic could survive in
a territory as large as the U.S. because
political factions (political parties) would
check each others power?
Federalists
Who “won” the Constitutional ratification
debates?
Federalists (strong national
government, with some power with
states)
Whose primary contribution was a national
Bill of Rights to protect individual rights
from the power of government?
Antifederalists