Visual Design Principles
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Introduction
Visuals
Text
Graphics
Audio
Conclusion
Reference
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Introduction
We learn using all our 5 senses
83% through sense of SIGHT
10% through sense of HEARING
4% through sense of SMELL
1% through sense of TASTE
2% through sense of TOUCH
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Introduction
We learn using all our 5 senses
83% through sense of SIGHT
10% through sense of HEARING
LEARNING is done most
effectively through
SIGHT and HEARING
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Visuals
• Complicated information can be simplified
using appropriate visuals
Average of Prices
Year
Price
1999
208,374
2000
226,557
2001
278,239
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Simplify
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Text
• There are 6 main guidelines in using
appropriate lettering or text
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lettering Style
Number of Lettering Styles
Use of Capitals
Lettering Colour
Lettering Size
Spacing between lines
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Text
• Lettering Style should harmonise with other
elements of the visual
TECHNOLOGY
A Sans-Serif font
TECHNOLOGY
A font with Serifs
TECHNOLOGY
A Script font
TECHNOLOGY
An Old English font
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Text
• Lettering Style should harmonise with other
elements of the visual
For instructional purposes, main text or headings in printed
materials or computer presentations
TECHNOLOGY
A Sans-Serif font
TECHNOLOGY
A font with Serifs
TECHNOLOGY
A Script font
TECHNOLOGY
An Old English font
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Text
• Lettering Style should harmonise with other
elements of the visual
For instructional purposes, main text or headings in printed
materials or computer presentations
TECHNOLOGY
A Sans-Serif font
Avoid fanciful fonts and style which are hard to read and you may
TECHNOLOGY
A font with Serifs
not have the special font in the system to be displayed
TECHNOLOGY
A Script font
TECHNOLOGY
An Old English font
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Text
• Number of Lettering Styles should harmonise
with other elements of the visual
• There should be not more than 2 different types
of fonts used
Font For Title
Font for body copy
Two font types should
harmonise with each other
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Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Font Style 4
Keep to a maximum of four
variation
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Text
• Use of Capitals should be used for headlines or titles of
no more than 6 words
IT IS OFTEN LAMENTED
THAT TEACHERS RELY
TOO MUCH ON WORDS
AS COMMUNICATION
VEHICLES
Having all words in capitals
(upper case) slows down
reading speed.
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It is often lamented that
teachers rely too much on
words as communication
vehicles
For best legibility, any
sentence longer than six
words in length should be in
upper and lower case
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Text
• Lettering Colour is important for ease in
readability
Colour font with background
Colour font with background
Colour font with background
Colour font with background
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R
S
R
S
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Text
• Lettering Size is important for a class
presentation
• Make sure fonts can be seen from the back of
the room. For example:
24 Points font
18 Points font
Just Nice
Small
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16 Points font
Too small
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Text
• Spacing between lines blurs out when lines are
too close and disjointed when too far
It is often lamented that teachers rely too
much on words as communication vehicles
It is often lamented that teachers rely too
Too close
Too far
much on words as communication vehicles
It is often lamented that teachers rely too
much on words as communication vehicles
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Just right
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Text
Number of lines
• Limit each slide to no more than 8 lines of text
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8 lines is the limit
Too many lines
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Graphics
• Graphics refer to pictures and illustrations
which can be used in your visuals
• It can be in the form of static or dynamic
(moving) display.
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Graphics
Static Visual Display
• Display range from line drawing to
complex photographs
Use of photographs
than line drawing if
user have not seen
the actual object
before
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Graphics
Static Visual Display
• Display range from line drawing to
complex photographs
electron
neutron
proton
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Use of line drawing
than photograph if
there is a need to
depict a complicated
image
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Graphics
Static Visual Display
• Static display of a concept map or mind map
using transition
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Graphics
Static Visual Display
• Ensure that your graphics matches the text that
goes with it.
IT Presentation
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Do not use pictures
just for decorative
purposes as it may
distract the learner
from the main
message
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Graphics
Static Visual Display
• Ensure that your graphics matches the text that
goes with it.
IT Presentation
Presentation
on Frogs
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Do not use pictures
just for
decorative
Use
pictures
that
purposes
as to
it may
are relevant
the
distract
the learner
information
from the main
message
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
• Dynamic visual displays include animation
and video
• Guidelines for choosing animation and
video:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Replay Feature
Clarity
Support Learning
Simplicity
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
1. Replay Feature
Consider providing
a replay feature for
the students to
repeat the animation
or video
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
2. Clarity
Ensure that the visual
quality of the animation or
video is good. There will
be little educational value
if images are not focused
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
3. Support learning
Dynamic visual display
to help learning
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
Dynamic visual display that do not assist in learning
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
4. Simplicity
Simple animation may be more effective than
complex ones
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
Examples of situations for using dynamic visual
displays
Visualise an event that
is difficult or impossible
for students to see in
their daily lives
Lava flowing down a volcano
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
Examples of situations for using dynamic visual
displays
Shorten the time in
observing some
situation or experiment
Flower blooming
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
Examples of situations for using dynamic visual
displays
Manipulate the space in
viewing a phenomena
Blood Cells flowing through the vessels
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
Examples of situations for using dynamic visual
displays
Demonstrate a
procedural task
Shows how to pump petrol
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Graphics
Dynamic Visual Displays
Examples of situations for using dynamic visual
displays
Explain an idea and/or
concepts that are
difficult to describe
verbally
Shows a happy expression
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Graphics
Summary
Advantages of
Advantages of
using Animation
using Video
• Able to depict things that
are not usually visible (eg.
the movement of atoms)
• Less distracting than video
clips when using simple
animation to illustrate
simulations
• Able to show the real
situation to students so that
they can have a better
picture such as a law court
or a wet market.
• Takes up less computer
memory space than video
clips
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Graphics
Transitional Effects
• Transitional effect refers to the visual
effect which occurs when moving from
one screen display to another
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Graphics
Transitional Effects
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Graphics
Transitional Effects
BOX OUT
From general to detail
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Graphics
Transitional Effects
BOX IN
From detailed to general
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Graphics
Transitional Effects
• Inappropriate use of animation can do more
harm than good to the learning process
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Example of a
bad transition
being used
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Graphics
Use of Colour
• There are two consideration to keep in
mind when using of colours:
1. Colour scheme
2. Colour appeal
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Graphics
Use of Colour
1. Colour Scheme
• Select colours that are
effect harmony rather
than annoyance
• Complimentary colours
are red and blue, blue
and orange, yellow and
violet.
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Graphics
Use of Colour
1. Colour Scheme
• Analogous colours re
next to each other on
the colour wheel, eg.
Blue and green
• They usually form
pleasing harmonies
combination
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Graphics
Use of Colour
2. Colour Appeal
• Blue, green and violet are cool
colours
• Red, orange and yellow are warm
colours
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Graphics
Use of Colour
2. Colour Appeal
• Red generally means danger
or action
• Orange means warmth or
energy
• Yellow means cheefulness
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Graphics
Use of Colour
2. Colour Appeal
• Blue means aloofness or
clarity
• Green means freshness
or restfulness
• Purple means depression
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Layout
• Layout of a visual depends on the
following factors:
1. Alignment of the graphic and text
elements
2. Shape
3. Balance
4. Style
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Layout
Alignment of graphic and text elements
• This will show clear visual relationships
between the main elements in the visual
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Layout
Shapes
• Graphic and text elements can be arranged in
a shape that is familiar to the students
Water Cycle
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Layout
Balance
• There are two kinds of balance
– formal and informal
• A formal balance occurs when the left half of
the visual is a mirror image of the right half
• Informal balance is asymmetrical, and the
elements create a balance without being static
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Layout
Balance
• A formal balance
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Layout
Balance
• An informal balance
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Layout
Style
• Choose to use an uncluttered primary-colour
design style rather than one filled with complex
imagery.
Complicated Style
Uncluttered Primary-Colour Style
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Layout
Proximity
• Principle of Proximity is by placing related
elements close together, and unrelated things
far apart
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Layout
Directional
• Directional such as arrows are devices
for directing the viewer’s attention to a
particular part of the visual, or to look at
the visual in a particular sequence
H
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Serif
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Layout
Contrast
• Important elements especially text should
stand out in good contrast to the background
• Achieving good figure-background contrast is
to have dark figures on light back-ground or
vice versa
Good contrast on
dark back-ground
Good contrast on
light back-ground
Bad contrast on dark
back-ground
Bad contrast on light
back-ground
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Layout
Consistency
• Using the same back-ground or frame for the
whole series or choosing the same lettering
style and format for the titles
Title of topic
Title of topic
Sub Header
Sub Header
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Audio
• There are three major types of audio use:
1. Music
2. Narration
3. Sound Effects
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Audio
• Audio can be used to:
1. Draw attention
2. Complement visual material on screen
3. Support reading of text on screen
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Audio
• Audio can be used to:
•
•
•
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Minimise amount of information that
presented on screen
Announce some event
Motivate student
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Audio
Music
Create atmosphere, such as having soft
music to create a relaxing atmosphere
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Audio
Narration
1. Provide instructions especially for younger
students
2. Develop students’ reading skills
3. Develop students’ listening skills
4. Complement still pictures
5. Provide feedback when the users, such as
young children, are not proficient in reading
yet
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Audio
Sound Effect
1. As the learning source,
such as the sound of a
drill when it is correctly
used.
2. Provide a warning signal
when time is running out
for a particular activity
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Audio
Summary
• Guidelines to using Audio
1. Learner-control feature
• Provide features such as turn on,
turn off and replay
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Audio
Summary
• Guidelines to using Audio
2. Clarity
Ensure that the audio quality is good
enough
3. Audio Quality
Pace of the audio should not be too fast or
too slow.
4. Comprehensibility
Teachers should avoid using difficult
vocabulary in their narration
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Conclusion
• Visuals containing appropriate balance of
pictures, words, effects and/or audio
helps bring across the instructional
message more effectively
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Reference
• Wong, A. F. L., Cheung, W. S. (1999). Using IT
for Lesson Presentations. In Tan, S. L. & Wong,
A. F. L. (Eds.), Teaching and Learning with
Technology-An Asia-Pacific Perspective (pp.
118-132). Singapore: Prentice Hall.
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End of Presentation
Thank you
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