SOPHOMORE SPRING VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR ASSIGNMENT DIRECTIONS Scroll down to Page 4 for WEEKLY VOCABULARY WORD LISTS. Due Dates: Grammar sentences using the current week’s words due every Tuesday to Turnitin.com. Vocabulary tests administered every Wednesday. Final exam, covering all 360 words, administered at semester’s end. PART 1: VOCABULARY LOG The intent of this assignment is not just to have you memorize the affixes. You should also work to become familiar with words that use the affixes, as well as the connotations of the words and proper use of the words in context. Your Grammar Assignment sentences (see Page 3 below) should reflect this level of understanding. Vocabulary Log Directions: A minimum of 20 words/affixes must be logged each week. Students are required to complete logs (see Page 2 below) on their own time. Logs will be submitted with the vocabulary test each Wednesday. Vocabulary logs are worth ½ of the weekly test grade. Tests submitted without logs can only earn up to 50% (F). All sections of the log must be complete and neatly hand-written. Logs created on plain paper will not be accepted for credit, nor will printed logs that don’t show the rubric on top. Use common sense: when choosing words from the affixes lists (WK13-WK16), log words you want to know and think you might use—do not log esoteric or archaic language. Study suggestion: Don’t wait until the last minute to do your logs or your grammar sentences! The point here is to actually LEARN something, not just to check the activities off your “things-to-do” list. So, consider logging 3 or 4 words/affixes per day and writing 3 or 4 sentences per day, and review at least one previous vocabulary log per day, as well. If you do this, you’ll likely never have to study for a vocabulary test, not even the final exam! Expectations for Mastery: Completion o All boxes in the chart are completed. Legibility o Words are printed clearly, neatly, and darkly. o Writing is free of distracting grammatical and/or mechanical errors. Online Resources: Dictionary – http://dictionary.reference.com/ Synonym Finder – http://www.synonym.com/synonyms/ AP Online Resources: AP Language MC Exam Terms – http://grammar.about.com/od/terms/a/APterms.htm Forest of Rhetoric – http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/silva.htm Literary Devices Definitions & Examples - http://literarydevices.net/ Argument Strategies & Fallacies - http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/ Name Week You have earned full credit for this assignment: 100 out of 100 points Points have been deducted for the following reasons ( out of 100 points): Incomplete: All boxes must be completed. Illegible: Be neat. If I cannot read your writing easily (even if you can), then I cannot fully assess your work. Vocabulary Word 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Familiar Words Check here if you know this word. Words I Need to Study Check here if you need to study this word. Synonym(s)/Definition(s)/Example(s) For each word, write a synonym or definition or example (for literary/rhetorical devices). PART 2: GRAMMAR SENTENCES As noted in the Vocabulary Log directions above, the intent of this assignment is to demonstrate your ability to use the vocabulary words in context. In addition, you are expected to write significant, purposeful, and meaningful statements. Grammar Sentence Directions & Due Dates: WEEK 1 & WEEK 10: Every sentence must fall under one of each of the following classifications FIVE times: declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory. Label sentences accordingly. For definitions and examples of these classifications, go to http://freelance-writing-articles.knoji.com/the-different-classification-ofsentences/. WEEK 2 & WEEK 11: Every sentence must fall under one of each of the following classifications FIVE times: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex. Label sentences accordingly. For definitions and examples of these classifications, go to http://freelance-writing-articles.knoji.com/the-different-classification-ofsentences/. WEEK 3 & WEEK 12: Every sentence should contain a pronoun and its antecedent. Italicize pronouns and underline antecedents. For an antecedent definition, go to http://www.grammarmonster.com/glossary/antecedent.htm. WEEK 4 & WEEK 13: Sentences should contain modifiers as follows (italicize modifiers). For help with phrases and clauses as modifiers, go to http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/modifiers_modify.htm. o 5 sentences employing a one-word adjective o 5 sentences employing a phrase as a modifier o 5 sentences employing a one-word adverb o 5 sentences employing a clause as a modifier WEEK 5 & WEEK 14: Every sentence must utilize a subordinating conjunction—italicize these. For a list of subordinating conjunctions, go to http://www.myenglishteacher.net/subordinatingconjunctions.html. WEEK 6 & WEEK 15: Every sentence must utilize parallel structure; higher scoring sentences will use structures more complicated than parallel words (e.g. phrases, clauses, etc.). Italicize your parallel structures. For information on parallel structure, go to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/623/01/. WEEK 7 & WEEK 16: Sentences should include 7 cumulative (or loose) sentences, 7 periodic sentences, and 6 inverted sentences. Label sentences accordingly. For information on these types, go to http://quizlet.com/25766345/types-of-sentences-periodic-cumulative-inverted-and-parallel-structure-flashcards/. WEEK 8 & WEEK 17: All twenty sentences must contain an appositive. They should not all look the same. Italicize the appositive. For help with appositives, go to http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/appositive.htm. No sentences due during WEEK 9, Spring Break, or Finals Week. Expectations for Mastery: Completion o All 20 sentences are provided, using 20 words from the current week’s vocabulary log. Accuracy o Sentences are typed and numbered, 1-20. o All vocabulary words are in ALL CAPS. Grammar o Uses correct grammar, spelling, and mechanics (no passive voice, agreement errors, fragments, run-ons) Context o Words are used in proper context and in a way that demonstrates understanding. In other words, someone who has never heard the words before should be able to glean meanings through reading your sentences. SOPHOMORE SPRING WEEKLY VOCABULARY WORD LISTS Directions: 1. List all words from the weekly list into the first (left-hand) column of your vocabulary log (see below). 2. Put a check mark or X in the “Familiar Words” box if you already know a synonym for or definition of the word and a check mark or X in the “Words I Need to Study” box if you do not currently know a synonym for or definition of the word (see below). 3. Seek out the definition and/or synonym of any word that you do not currently know. Then write a synonym or definition for all words, even the ones you don’t have to look up, in the last column in the log (see below). 4. Use this week’s vocabulary words in your grammar sentences, due to Turnitin.com by midnight on Tuesday. The weekly vocabulary test will be administered the following day (Wednesday), and weekly logs are due with the tests and worth 50% of the test score. Vocabulary Log Entry & Grammar Sentence Examples: Vocabulary Word Familiar Words Check here if you know this word. 1. arrangement X 2. concrete detail Words I Need to Study Check here if you need to study this word. X Synonym(s)/Definition(s)/Example(s) For each word, write a synonym or definition or example (for literary/rhetorical devices). order organization specific information EXAMPLE: Instead of “He slept,” say, “He was slumped over the counter, chest heaving, and a soft snore escaped his mouth.” 1. The ARRANGEMENT of the article immediately captured and held the audience’s attention because the author relied on personal experience throughout. 2. CONCRETE DETAIL: He was slumped over the counter, chest heaving, and a soft snore escaped his mouth. SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #1 arrangement – concrete detail – connotation – denotation – diction – ethos – exigence – figurative language – imagery – invention – intention – logos – metaphor – pathos – persona – rhetorical strategy – scheme – sentence structure – syntax – tone SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #2 adjective – adverb – antecedent – argument – claim – clause – concession – conjunction – complement (grammar term) – complex sentence – compound sentence – compound-complex sentence – loose sentence – parallelism – periodic sentence – phrase – pronoun – refutation – simple sentence – thesis SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #3 baffled – bewildered – vexed – lucid – explicit – involute – obscure – sparse – bombastic – turgid – florid – terse – sententious – prolix – verbose – felicitous – ponderous – mordant – trenchant – prosaic SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #4 archaic – bombastic – colloquial – esoteric – euphemism – grotesque – homespun – idiomatic – insipid – jargon – literal – obscure – obtuse – pedantic – picturesque – pretentious – provincial – sensuous – trite – vulgar SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #5 bromidic – exemplary – amorphous – balanced sentence – complex parallel – complacent – cynical – caustic – shrewd – timid – derisive – zealous – pedantic – malicious – frivolous – surreptitious – impious – amiable – petulant – inflammatory SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #6 appeals – association (the fallacy) – band wagon – begging the claim – begging the question – bias – burden of proof – deductive reasoning – fallacy – false authority – false dilemma – genetic fallacy – hasty generalization – inductive reasoning – invective – poisoning the well – premise – red herring (the fallacy) – sarcasm – satire SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #7 ad hominem – ad populum – ambiguity – appeal to authority – appeal to common folk – appeal to ignorance – argument from authority – circular argument – equivocation – false cause – false dichotomy – false causality – non sequitur – post hoc reasoning – slippery slope (the fallacy) – straw man (the fallacy) – comparison – contrast – narrative – character SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #8 satiric – sardonic – exuberant – benevolent – audacious – anecdote – allusion – analogy – cataloging – hyperbole – juxtaposition – syllogism – exemplification – altruism – metonymy – apostrophe – rhetorical question – paradox – figures of speech – oxymoron SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #10 (NO LESSON 9) litotes – mode of discourse – mood – parody – prose – repetition – rhetoric – running style – simile – style – subordination – symbol – synechdoche – motif – antithesis – alliteration – assonance – anaphora – epistrophe – anadiplosis SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #11 asyndeton – allegory – aphorism – chiasmus – confirmation – extended metaphor – coordination – dialect – didactic – encomium – epiphora – epitaph – eulogy – exposition – trope – flashback – genre – climax – irony – isocolon SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #12 active voice – onomatopoeia– parentheticals – participle – passive voice – personification – polysyndeton – predicate – predicate adjective – predicate nominative – pun – rhetorical shift – stem – subordinate conjunction – synecdoche – synthesis – tricolon – understatement – zeugma NOTE: During the remainder of the year, we will focus on affixes (mostly Greek & Latin roots) so vocabulary log expectations will change slightly (see the log and the examples on the pages to follow). Grammar expectations will remain the same. Name Week You have earned full credit for this assignment: 100 out of 100 points Points have been deducted for the following reasons ( out of 100 points): Incomplete: All boxes must be completed. Illegible: Be neat. If I cannot read your writing easily (even if you can), then I cannot fully assess your work. Vocabulary Affix 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Affix Meaning Familiar Words List all. If none, write N/A. Words I’d Like to Learn List at least 2. Synonym(s)/Definition(s) Find a synonym or definition for 2 words and use 1 for this week’s Grammar Sentences. SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #13 Directions: 1. Using the affix definition (in parentheses), try to identify the definition of the words with the root without using a dictionary. List all familiar words on your weekly vocabulary log, in the third column (see below). 2. Seek out the definition and/or synonym of any word that you do not currently know. Then log at least two of these new words, along with their synonyms or definitions, in the last column in the log (see below). 3. Use 20 of the words you log for your grammar sentences, due to Turnitin.com by midnight on Tuesday. The weekly vocabulary test will be administered the following day (Wednesday), and weekly logs are due with the tests and worth 50% of the test score. Vocabulary Log Entry & Grammar Sentence Examples: Vocabulary Affix 1. numer Affix Meaning Familiar Words List all. If none, write N/A. Words I’d Like to Learn List at least 2. Synonym(s)/Definition(s) Find a synonym or definition for 2 words and use 1 for your Grammar Sentences this week. number numeral numerous enumerate numerology enumerate (v) = count, tally, number numerology (n) = study of numbers and their influence on one’s life No human has the vocabulary, let alone the fingers, needed to ENUMERATE the stars in the universe. ante (before) ante, antebellum, antecedent, antediluvian, anterior, anticipate, antipasto Latin anti (against) anti-aircraft, antibiotic, anticlimax, antidote, Antigone, antipathy, antithesis Greek bi (two) bicentennial, biceps, bicycle, bigamy, bimonthly, binocular, bipartisan Latin circum (around) circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumscribe, circumspect Latin com/con (together) combine, commerce , common, compassion, reconcile, concert, conjunctions Latin sym/syn (together) symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, symphony. syntax, synthesize, synopsis de (down) debate, deciduous, deduct, deflate, denounce, depose, despicable, detoxify dis (away) disaster, discard, discount, discourage, disease, dislocate, dismantle, dismiss Latin equi (equal) equilibrium, equinox, equity, equivalent, equivocation, equanimity, equator extra (beyond) extramural, extraneous, extraordinary, extravagant, extrovert, extraterrestrial Latin inter (between) intercept, interfere, interim, interjection, intermission, Internet, interstate Latin intra (within) intracellular, intracranial, intramural, intranet, intrastate, intravenous Latin intro (into) introduction, introrsely, introspection, introvert Latin mal (bad) malevolent, malcontent, malicious, malign, malady, malapropism Latin mis (bad) miscarry, mischief, misfit, misfortune, miserable, mishap, mistake Germanic post (after) posterior, posterity, postgraduate, posthumous, postpone, postscript Latin pre (before) precedent, precursor, predecessor, prefix, pregnant, prejudice, president Latin semi (half) semiannual, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiformal, semitone, semiweekly Latin sub (under) subconscious, submarine, subordinate, subpoena, subterranean, subversion Latin super (over) superb, supercilious, superfluous, superior, supernatural, supervise Greek Latin Latin Latin SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #14 Directions: 1. Using the affix definition (in parentheses), try to identify the definition of the words with the root without using a dictionary. List all familiar words on your weekly vocabulary log, in the third column (see below). 2. Seek out the definition and/or synonym of any word that you do not currently know. Then log at least two of these new words, along with their synonyms or definitions, in the last column in the log (see below). 3. Use 20 of the words you log for your grammar sentences, due to Turnitin.com by midnight on Tuesday. The weekly vocabulary test will be administered the following day (Wednesday), and weekly logs are due with the tests and worth 50% of the test score. Vocabulary Log Entry & Grammar Sentence Examples: Vocabulary Affix 1. numer Affix Meaning Familiar Words List all. If none, write N/A. Words I’d Like to Learn List at least 2. Synonym(s)/Definition(s) Find a synonym or definition for 2 words and use 1 for your Grammar Sentences this week. number numeral numerous enumerate numerology enumerate (v) = count, tally, number numerology (n) = study of numbers and their influence on one’s life No human has the vocabulary, let alone the fingers, needed to ENUMERATE the stars in the universe. archy (government) anarchy, hierarchy, matriarchal, monarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy Greek ard (always) coward, braggart, drunkard, dullard, laggard, sluggard cide (kill) fratricide, genocide, herbicide, homicide, matricide, regicide, suicide Latin ician (specialist) beautician, clinician, musician, physician, technician, statistician Latin itis (inflammation) appendicitis, arthritis, bursitis, colitis, gastroenteritis, tonsillitis Greek aqua (water) aquaplane, aquarium, aquatic, aqueduct, aqueous, aquifer, semiaquatic Latin audi (hear) audience, audiology, audiometer, audiophile, audit, audition, auditory Latin bell (war) bellicose, belligerent, bellow, casus belli, counter rebellion, rebel Latin cap (take) capable, capacity, caption, captious, captivate, captive, captor, capture Latin cise (cut) circumcise, concise, decision, excise, incision, incisive, incisors, precise Latin bio (life) biochemistry, biogenesis, biography, biology, bionics, biopsy, biosphere Greek auto (self) autobiography, autocracy, autograph, automatic, automobile, autopsy Greek port (carry) deport, import, important, portage, porter, portly, report, transport Greek scrib (write) ascribe, conscription, describe, inscribe, scribble, scribe, transcribe Latin logy (study of) anthropology, biology, entomology, geology, mythology, philology Greek dict (say) addict, contradict, dictation, dictionary, interdict, malediction, predict Latin cred (believe) credible, credibility, credit, credo, discredited, incredible, incredulous Latin cent (one hundred) bicentennial, cent, centimeter, centipede, centurion, century Latin neo (new) neoclassic, Neolithic, neologism, neon, neonatal, neophyte ad (to) adapt, addict, addition, adherent, adhesive, adieu, ad nauseam Germanic Greek Latin SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #15 Directions: 1. Using the affix definition (in parentheses), try to identify the definition of the words with the root without using a dictionary. List all familiar words on your weekly vocabulary log, in the third column (see below). 2. Seek out the definition and/or synonym of any word that you do not currently know. Then log at least two of these new words, along with their synonyms or definitions, in the last column in the log (see below). 3. Use 20 of the words you log for your grammar sentences, due to Turnitin.com by midnight on Tuesday. The weekly vocabulary test will be administered the following day (Wednesday), and weekly logs are due with the tests and worth 50% of the test score. Vocabulary Log Entry & Grammar Sentence Examples: Vocabulary Affix 1. numer Affix Meaning Familiar Words List all. If none, write N/A. Words I’d Like to Learn List at least 2. Synonym(s)/Definition(s) Find a synonym or definition for 2 words and use 1 for your Grammar Sentences this week. number numeral numerous enumerate numerology enumerate (v) = count, tally, number numerology (n) = study of numbers and their influence on one’s life No human has the vocabulary, let alone the fingers, needed to ENUMERATE the stars in the universe. homo (same) homeopathy, homogenize, homophone, homosexual Greek homo (man) homage, hombre, homicide, Homo sapiens, humane, humanism Latin spec (look) inspection, prospect, respect, specimen, specious, spectacle, spectrum Latin duct (lead) conduct, deduction, ductile, induct, product, produce, reduce, seduce Latin fer (carry) aquifer, conifer, defer, ferry, infer, Lucifer, refer, referee, transfer Latin pend (hang) appendix, depend, impending, pendant, pending, pendulous, pendulum Latin micro (small) microbiology, microcosm, micron, microphone, microscope, microwave Greek hydro (water) dehydrate, hydra, hydrangea, hydrant, hydrogen, hydroplane, hydroponics Greek photo (light) photocopy, photogenic, photograph, photon, photosensitive Greek pan (all) panacea, pandemic, pandemonium, Pandora, panorama, pantheism Greek penta (five) pentacle, pentagon, pentagram, pentameter, pentathlon Greek tele (far) telekinesis, teleology, telepathy, telephone, telescope, television, telex Greek vid (look) clairvoyant, envy, evidence, provide, providence, review, survey, video, visit ex/exo (out) effervescence, elucidate, emancipate, exogamy, exogenous, exorcism Latin/Greek omni (all) omnibus, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, omnivorous poly (many) polyester, polygamy, polygon, polygraph, Polynesia, polyp re (again) regenerate, regurgitate, reiterate, resuscitate, retouch, return, review Latin hypo (under) hyphen, hypocrite, hypocrisy, hypodermic, hypotenuse, hypothermia Greek pseudo (false) pseudonym, pseudopod, pseudoscience Greek neuro (nerve) nerve, neuralgia, neurology, neuron, neurosis, neurosurgeon, neurotic Greek Latin Latin Greek SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #16 Directions: 1. Using the affix definition (in parentheses), try to identify the definition of the words with the root without using a dictionary. List all familiar words on your weekly vocabulary log, in the third column (see below). 2. Seek out the definition and/or synonym of any word that you do not currently know. Then log at least two of these new words, along with their synonyms or definitions, in the last column in the log (see below). 3. Use 20 of the words you log for your grammar sentences, due to Turnitin.com by midnight on Tuesday. The weekly vocabulary test will be administered the following day (Wednesday), and weekly logs are due with the tests and worth 50% of the test score. Vocabulary Log Entry & Grammar Sentence Examples: Vocabulary Affix 1. numer Affix Meaning Familiar Words List all. If none, write N/A. Words I’d Like to Learn List at least 2. Synonym(s)/Definition(s) Find a synonym or definition for 2 words and use 1 for your Grammar Sentences this week. number numeral numerous enumerate numerology enumerate (v) = count, tally, number numerology (n) = study of numbers and their influence on one’s life No human has the vocabulary, let alone the fingers, needed to ENUMERATE the stars in the universe. morph (shape) amorphous, mesomorph, morphology, protomorphic Greek vest (clothes) divest, invest, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestibule, vestment, vestry Latin bene (good) benediction, benefactor, beneficial, benefit, benevolent, benign Latin pond (weight) compound, imponderable, ponder, ponderous, pound, preponderant Latin corp (body) corporal, corporation, corps, corpse, corpulent, corpuscle, habeas corpus Latin dorm (sleep) dormancy, dormant, dormer, dormitory, dormouse Latin pater (father) expatriate, padre, paternity, patriarch, patrician, patriot, patronize Latin nov (new) innovation, nouveau riche, nova, Nova Scotia, novel, novelty, novice Latin punct (point) acupuncture, contrapuntal, punctilious, punctual, punctuate, puncture Latin ject (throw) conjecture, dejected, eject, inject, interject, projection, reject, subject Latin tion (act or state) complication, creation, devastation, objection, production, transition Latin loc (place) dislocate, local, localize, location, locomotive, locus, relocate Latin dox (opinion) doxology, heterodox, indoctrinate, orthodox, paradox Greek amphi (both) ambidextrous, ambient, ambiguous, ambition, ambivalence, amble Greek magn (great) magnanimous, magnate, magnificent, magnum opus eu (good) eucalyptus, Eucharist, eugenics, eulogy, euphemism, euthanasia, euphoria Greek endo (within) endocrine, endogamous, endoplasm, endoskeleton, endothermic Greek phobia (fear) acrophobia, agoraphobia, claustrophobia, hydrophobia, xenophobia Greek ortho (straight) orthodontist, orthodox, orthography, orthogonal, orthopedics Greek put (think) computer, dispute, disreputable, impute, putative, reputation Latin Latin SPRING SEMESTER VOCABULARY LESSON #17 Directions: 1. Using the affix definition (in parentheses), try to identify the definition of the words with the root without using a dictionary. List all familiar words on your weekly vocabulary log, in the third column (see below). 2. Seek out the definition and/or synonym of any word that you do not currently know. Then log at least two of these new words, along with their synonyms or definitions, in the last column in the log (see below). 3. Use 20 of the words you log for your grammar sentences, due to Turnitin.com by midnight on Tuesday. The weekly vocabulary test will be administered the following day (Wednesday), and weekly logs are due with the tests and worth 50% of the test score. Vocabulary Log Entry & Grammar Sentence Examples: Vocabulary Affix 1. numer Affix Meaning Familiar Words List all. If none, write N/A. Words I’d Like to Learn List at least 2. Synonym(s)/Definition(s) Find a synonym or definition for 2 words and use 1 for your Grammar Sentences this week. number numeral numerous enumerate numerology enumerate (v) = count, tally, number numerology (n) = study of numbers and their influence on one’s life No human has the vocabulary, let alone the fingers, needed to ENUMERATE the stars in the universe. vita (life) devitalize, revitalize, viable, vital, vitals, vitality, vitamin Latin demo (people) demagogue, democracy, democratize, demography, undemocratic Greek stereo (solid) stereophonic, stereopticon, stereoscope, stereotropism, stereotype Greek ism (doctrine) capitalism, Cubism, Imagism, Marxism, nihilism, pluralism, tribalism Greek cogn (know) acquaint, cognizant, cognoscenti, incognito, precognition, recognize Latin sur (over) surface, surmount, surname, surpass, surplus, surprise, surrealism Latin alter (other) alter ego, alteration, altercation, alternative, alternator, altruism Latin astr (star) asterisk, asteroid, astrolabe, astrology, astronomy, astrophysics, disaster Greek dyna (power) aerodynamics, dinosaur, dynamic, dynamite, dynamo, dynamometer Greek chron (time) anachronism, chronic, chronicle, chronological, chronometer, synchronize Greek hyper (over) hyperacidity, hyperactive, hyperbole, hypertension, hyperventilate Greek luna (moon) lunar, lunate, lunatic, lunette, lunular, sublunary octo (eight) octagon, octahedron, octane, octave, October, octogenarian Greek gyro (turn) gyrate, gyration, gyre, gyrfalcon, gyro, gyroscope, spirogyra Greek contra (against) contraband, contradict, contrapuntal, contrary, contrast, contravene geo (earth) geocentric, geode, geography, geology, geometry Greek helio (sun) aphelion, heliocentric, heliograph, Helios, heliotrope, helium, perihelion Greek thermo (heat) thermal thermocouple, thermometer, thermonuclear, thermos, thermostat Greek tetra (four) Teflon, tetrachloride, tetracycline, tetragon, tetrahedron Greek meter (measure) centimeter, diameter, metric, metronome, odometer, symmetry Greek Latin Latin