Semester Exam Review
AP European History
2015
I. The Renaissance
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The Black Plague and its impact
Flagellants
The Hundred Years’ War and its impact
Joan of Arc
Feudalism/Manorialism
Thomas Aquinas
Scholasticism
Holy Roman Empire
Reasons for the end of feudalism
The Babyonian Captivity
The Great Schism
The Conciliar Movement
John Wycliff/Lollards
John Huss/Hussites
Heresy
Erasmus
Individualism
Secularism
Revival of Classical Antiquity
Why the Renaissance started in Italy
Humanism
Christian Humanism
Civic Humanism
Petrarch
Pico della Mirandola
Giovanni Boccaccio
Leonardo Bruni
Lorenzo Valla
Baldasarre Castiglione
Cosimo de Medici
Lorenzo “the Magnificent”
Savonarola
Major Italian City States
The Sforza family
Ludovico “Il Moro”
Niccolo Machiavelli
Pope Julius II
Pope Leo X
Pope Clement VII
The Habsburg-Valois Wars
The Sack of Rome
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Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
The Treaty of Lodi
The Northern Renaissance
The Fugger Family
Thomas More
Characteristics of Renaissance Monarchs
Louis XI “the Spider King” of France
Charles VIII of France
Francis I of France
Estates General
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
Reconquista
Cortes
The Spanish Inquisition
Torquemada
Henry VII of England
The Star Chamber
Habsburg Dynasty
Valois Dynasty
Tudor Dynasty
War of the Roses
Laura Cereta
Isabella d’Este
Christine de Pizan
Artemisia Gentileschi
Women’s role in the Renaissance
Gutenberg and the printing press
The High Renaissance
Botticelli
Donatello
Ghiberti
Brunelleschi
Raphael
Michelangelo
Leonardo da Vinci
Giotto
Van Eyck
Durer
II. The Reformation
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Catholic Doctrine
Sacraments
Eucharist
Transubstantiation
Clergy
Salvation
Early heresies before Luther
Lay Religions
Church abuses
Pluralism
Simony
Absenteeism
Martin Luther
95 Theses
Indulgences
Johann Tetzel
Consubstantiation
Sola fide, sola scriptura
The “Priesthood of all Believers”
Doctrine of Lutheranism
The Diet of Worms
Frederick “the Wise” of Saxony
The German Peasant Revolt
The Schmalkaldic League
The Peace of Augsburg
Ulrich Zwilngli
The Marbourg Colloquy
Anabaptists
John Calvin
Predestination
The “elect”
John Knox
Presbyterianism
Huguenots
Dutch Reform Church
Calvinist lifestyle
The “Protestant Ethic”
Henry VIII
“Defender of the Faith”
Catherine of Aragon
Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
Anne Boleyn
Act of Supremacy
Church of England
Doctrine of Church of England
Edward VI
Book of Common Prayer
Anglicanism under Edward VI
Mary I
Elizabeth I
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The “Elizabethan Settlement”
Anglicanism under Elizabeth
Philip II of Spain
Battle of Lepanto
The Siglo de Oro
El Escorial
The Dutch Revolt
The Duke of Alba
Connection with England & Dutch Revolt
The Spanish Armada
The French Wars of Religion
Henry II
Catherine de Medicis
The Guise Family
The Prince of Conde
Gaspard de Coligny
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
War of the Three Henries
Henry of Navarre/King Henry IV
“Paris is worth a Mass”
Bourbon Dynasty
Edict of Nantes
Role of Women in the Reformation
The Witch Craze
Malleus Maleficarum
Reasons for start and end of witch craze
The Thirty Years’ War
The Defenestration of Prague
Albrecht von Wallenstein
The Edict of Restitution
Gustavus Adolphus II of Sweden
Queen Christina of Sweden
Peace of Westphalia
Impact of the Thirty Years’ War
The Catholic/Counter Reformation
Ignatius of Loyola
Jesuits
The Council of Trent
Pope Paul III
The Roman Inquisition
The Index of Forbidden Books
Baroque Art
Bernini
Caravaggio
Velazquez
El Greco
Rubens
Rembrandt
Vermeer
III. Absolutism
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Exploration: motives and impact
Prince Henry “the Navigator” of Portugal
“God, Glory, Gold”
Conquistadores
Bartholomew Dias
Vasco da Gama
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Hernan Cortes
Francisco Pizarro
Bartolome Las Casas
Hacienda
Peninsulares
Creoles
Encomienda
Repartimiento
The Commercial Revolution
The Hanseatic League
Joint-stock Companies
The “Price Revolution”
The Columbian Exchange
16th Century Population Explosion
Absolutism—define
Jacques Benigne Bossuet
Bourbon Dynasty—France
Henry IV
Politique
Duke of Sully
Nobility of the Robe
Nobility of the Sword
Louis XIII
Marie de Medicis
Cardinal Richelieu
Intendants
Louis XIV
The “Sun King”
Cardinal Mazarin
The Fronde
L’etat, C’est Moi
Parlements
Versailles
The War of Spanish Succession
The Peace of Utrecht
Louis XIV’s religious policy
Louis XIV’s foreign policy
Louis XIV’s legacy
Jansenists
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Mercantilism
Eastern vs. Western Absolutism
Poland’s “Exploding Diet”
King John Sobieski of Poland
Vienna, 1683
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The Habsburg Dynasty—Austria
Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI
The Pragmatic Sanction
Maria Theresa of Austria
The War of Austrian Succession
The Hohenzollern Dynasty—Prussia
Frederick William the Great Elector
Junkers
King Frederick I of Prussia
Frederick William I “The Soldier King”
Frederick II, “The Great”
The Romanov Dynasty—Russia
Peter the Great
The Great Northern War
St. Petersburg, “Window to the West”
Streltsy
Boyars
Peter’s attempts at Westernization
Russian Orthodox Church
The English Civil War
The Stuart Dynasty
James I
Divine Right Monarchy
Charles I
The Petition of Right
Archbishop William Laud
The Short Parliament
The Long Parliament
Cavaliers
Roundheads
Pride’s Purge
The “Rump Parliament”
The Protectorate
Cromwell and the Interregnum
Charles II and the Restoration
James II
The Glorious Revolution
William and Mary
The English Bill of Rights
The Dutch Republic
The Dutch Golden Age
Reasons for Dutch commercial success
The Bank of Amsterdam
Baroque Architecture
Rococo
The Thirty Years War
The Dutch Golden Age
The Commercial Revolution
The Columbian Exchange
Mercantilism
IV. Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
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Scholasticism
Geocentric Model of the Universe
Ptolemy
Aristotle
Michel de Montaigne
Nicolaus Copernicus & discoveries
Heliocentric Model of the Universe
Tycho Brahe & discoveries
Johannes Kepler & discoveries
Galileo Galilei & discoveries
Isaac Newton & discoveries
The Royal Society
William Harvey
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Andreas Vesalius
Robert Boyle
Francis Bacon
Inductive Reasoning
Empiricism
Renee Descartes
Cogito ergo sum
Deductive Reasoning
Rationalism
The Scientific Method
Gottfried Leibniz
Baruch Spinoza
Philosophes
Salons
Thomas Hobbes & political theory
Leviathan
State of Nature
John Locke & political theory
Tabula Rasa
Voltaire & political theory
“Ecracsez l’infame”
Deism
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Diderot
The Encyclopedia
Cesare Beccaria
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau & political
theory
The General Will
The Social Contract
Emile
The “Noble Savage”
Physiocrats
Baron d’Holbach
David Hume
Role of Women in the Enlightenment
Margaret Cavendish
Salonnieres
Marie-Therese Geoffrin
Madame de Pompadour
Mary Wollstonecraft
The Illegitmacy explosion
Overlaying
Foundling Homes
“Spare the rod, spoil the child”
Pietism
Methodism
John Wesley
Carnival
Marriage trends
Child-rearing trends
Enlightened Monarchy/Despotism
Characteristics of Enlightened rulers
Frederick the Great—Enlightened contributions
Joseph II—Enlightened contributions
Catherine the Great—Enlightened contributions
Pugachev’s Rebellion
Impact of Enlightened rulers
V. The French Revolution
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Louis XV
Rene de Maupeau
Louis XVI
Maximilien Robespierre
Napoleon Bonaparte
Marie Antoinette
Jean-Paul Marat
Jacques Turgot
Jacques Necker
Abbe Sieyes
Georges-Jacques Danton
The Three Estates
Parlements
Parlement of Paris
Lettres de Cachet
Cahiers de doleances
Bourgeoisie
Nobility
Clergy
Peasants
Jacobins
Girondists
“The Mountain”
Emigres
Guillotine
Sans-Culottes
Reactionaries
The Assembly of Notables
The Estates General
The National Assembly
The Legislative Assembly
The Paris Commune
The National Convention
The Committee on Public Safety
The Directory
The “Doubling of the Third”
What is the Third Estate?
The Formation of the National Assembly
The Tennis Court Oath
The Storming of the Bastille
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The Great Fear
The Abolition of Feudalism (August Decrees)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Women’s March to Versailles
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Constitutional vs. Refractory Clergy
Assignats
Edmond Burke
The Constitution of 1791
Louis XVI’s “flight to Varennes”
The Declaration of Pillnitz
The Brunswick Manifesto
Olympe de Guges
The Storming of the Tuileries
The September Massacres
The Creation of the New French Republic
The Decree of Fraternity
The Execution of Louis XVI
The Execution of the Girondists
The Reign of Terror
Vendee uprising
The death of Marat
The levee en mass
Enrages
Law of General Maximum
Law of Suspects
Hebertists
Revolutionary Calendar
Law of 22 Priarial
The execution of Danton and the Dantonists
Festival of the Supreme Being
“Republic of Virtue”
The Execution of Robespierre
Thermidorian Reaction
White Terror
The Two-Thirds Law
The “Whiff of Grapeshot”
Coup d’état of Fructidor
Napoleon and the Coup d’état of 18 Brumaire
In addition to the information above, be able to explain the following concepts with supporting
examples.
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The worldview of European intellectuals shifted from one based on ecclesiastical and classical
authority to one based primarily on inquiry and observation of the natural world.
The struggle for sovereignty within and among states resulted in varying degrees of political
centralization.
European society and the experiences of everyday life were increasingly shaped by commercial
and agricultural capitalism, notwithstanding the persistence of medieval social and economic
structures.
Religious pluralism challenged the concept of a unified Europe.
Europeans explored and settled overseas territories, encountering and interacting with indigenous
populations.
Different models of political sovereignty affected the relationship among states and between states
and individuals
The expansion of European commerce accelerated the growth of a worldwide economic network.
The popularization and dissemination of the Scientific Revolution and the application of its
methods to political, social, and ethical issues led to an increased, although not unchallenged,
emphasis on reason in European culture.
KNOW THE GENERAL POPULATION TRENDS, ECONOMIC TRENDS, AND ROLE OF WOMEN AND
THE FAMILY FOR EACH CENTURY WE’VE STUDIED
KNOW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE, BAROQUE, AND NEOCLASSICAL ART
AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO REVIEW IS TO READ THROUGH THE VIAULT BOOK