World War One
1914-1918
Causes of WW1
• #1= Imperialism
• The European countries (bullies) have run out
of victims by 1914. So, the bullies turn on each
other.
• Ex: Is it fair that Germany, Italy have less
colonies? They became countries in 1870s.
Causes ctd.
• Cause #2= Nationalism
• It is extreme pride in your country. Most
European people thought their own country
was the best.
• Countries will not back down to prevent WW1
when they had the chance.
• Would you back down if you believed your
country was superior and would win a war?
Causes ctd.
• Cause #3= Militarism
• Most European leaders knew it was just a matter
of time until a big war happens. As a result,
European leaders started rapidly building up their
militaries= militarism.
• Ex: build up navy, stockpiling guns + ammo.
• Are you more or less likely to go to war if you
have the weapons compared with if you don’t?
Causes ctd.
• Cause #4= Secret Alliance Systems
• War was likely, so doesn’t it make sense that
you have some friends on your side rather
than be by yourself.
• In the late 1800s, 2 secret alliances were
created. If a member of the alliance is
attacked, then the other members come to
their aid.
Alliance #1
• Triple Alliance:
• Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary Empire
• Will be called “The Central Powers” once
WW1 starts.
Alliance #2
• Triple Entente:
• France, Great Britain, and Russia
• They will be called “The Allies” when WW1
starts.
World War One Alliance Systems
What about the United States?
• The U.S. had an “isolationist” foreign policy,
since it became a country in 1776.
• This means the U.S. never made any prewar
alliances or get involved in any European wars.
• Does the U.S. have an isolationist foreign
policy today?
Last cause
• The 4 causes (long term) so far were ingredients that
were causing a lot of tension in Europe. All it would
take would be a spark.
• Cause #5 (short term)= the assassination of Arch Duke
Franz Ferdinand.
• Who was he? The next emperor of the Austria-Hungary
Empire.
• Who killed him?
• Gavrilo Princip from the “Black Hand” terrorist group
from Serbia.
The Death of Franz Ferdinand
• In your notes, you will write a few sentences
describing the attack.
• Watch assassination you tube video (5
minutes)
Type 2 (Dec. 9)
• Define 3 of the following words:
1. Imperialism
2. Bourgeoisie
3. Industrialization
4. Bias
5. Laissez-faire
How did Emperor Joseph respond?
• After 3 weeks, the Austrians sent an
ultimatum (list of demands) to the Serbian
government.
• The Serbian government was being blamed for
the attack because the “black hand” was from
there.
• If Serbia didn’t accept all the demands, then it
would result in war between Austria and
Serbia.
Problem for Austria
• If Austria had to go to war with Serbia, they
knew Serbia’s best friend was Russia.
• Austria would lose that war.
• Austria sent a diplomat to their best friend
(Germany) and got a “blank check.”
• Blank check= Germany promised to help
Austria no matter if Austria was the victim or
the aggressor.
How did Serbia respond?
• The Serbian government accepted all the
demands except for one.
WAR starts Aug. 4, 1914!!!
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Austria declares war on Serbia.
Serbia and Russia declare war back
Germany and Austria declare war on Russia
Because of the alliances systems
Russia, France, Great Britain, Serbia (Allies)
• versus
• Germany + Austria-Hungary (The Central Powers)
• Watch 4 minute “back in the day” WW1 video
Type 2 collin’s writing
• 1. A. List 2 causes of World War One
• B. Explain how each of your causes led to
World War One.
Germany’s war problem
• A. Two front war
– Germany/Austria are surrounded. Problem?
B. Allies have more countries, soldiers, resources
C. Italy anyone?
Watch 2:50 outbreak of WW1 video
Germany master plan
• As a result, Germany know they need to win a quick
war, so they create a master plan.
• The plan was called the “Schlieffen plan.” It
was Germany’s plan to win a two front war.
• The plan called for Germany to attack France
first through Belgium, then turn their
attention on Russia after France was defeated.
Schlieffen Plan
Germany attacks first
• The German army fights its way through
Belgium and is stopped within 30 miles of
Paris, France.
• Both sides soldiers dug down for protection.
• The fighting in France will be called the
“Western front” and WW1 will be trench
warfare.
What is Trench Warfare?
• Trenches: They were 6 feet deep and soldiers lived in
these trenches all year around.
• One side would have thousands of troops climb out of
their trenches and charge across no mans land and
would die trying to capture the enemy trench. Then,
the other side would climb out and charge and die.
• The trenches stretched all the way from the
Switzerland (Alps) for hundreds of miles to the English
channel.
Trench Warfare
The Western Front
Trench Foot
Yummy lol!
• Watch the 2 minute War Horse clip
• Watch 4 minute trench warfare clip
• In your notes, write a couple sentence
response describing trench warfare in your
own words. Use an example from the movie.
Collin’s Writing #6 (Dec. 15)
• List the countries that belonged to the Triple
Alliance and the Triple Entente.
• Triple Alliance:
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Triple Entente:
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
WW1 DBQ
• It is a 5 paragraph essay using documents to
support it.
• DBQ= Document based question
• This is an in class assignment and you will
have 3 days to work on it in class.
DBQ Day #1
• You will read the documents. You have the
option to work with a partner or
independently. You will answer the questions
about each document in the packet.
DBQ Day #2
A. Create a thesis statement (watch video)
1. It is 1 sentence (last sentence of intro.
Paragraph) that answers your main question
Who and or what caused WW1?
2. Mr. Hays must sign that your thesis
statement is ok before you finish the rest of the
graphic organizer.
DBQ Day 2 ctd.
Doc
#
• B. Complete graphic organizer
T.S.#1
T.S. #2
Thesis
Doc
#
TTT.S. #3
Doc
#
• 1. I recommend choosing 3 causes from your 7
documents
• 2. Your 3 topic sentences need to connect to your
thesis statement
• Example:
• Thesis: WW1 was caused by the secret alliance
systems, militarism, and the killing of Arch Duke France
Ferdinand
• T.S. #1 = secret alliance systems
• T.S. #2= militarism
• T.S. #3= killing of Franz Ferdinand
DBQ Rough Draft
• Paragraph 1 (Intro.)
• 1. Introduce the topic of WW1
• 2. Last sentence is your thesis statement
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Paragraph 2 (Body #1)
1. topic sentence one is your first sentence.
2. Explain how this cause helped to start WW1
3. Discuss whatever document you chose.
Rough Draft ctd.
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Paragraph 3 (Body#2)
1. topic sentence two is your first sentence.
2. Explain how this cause helped to start WW1
3. Discuss whatever document you chose.
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Paragraph 4 (Body #3)
1. topic sentence three is your first sentence.
2. Explain how this cause helped to start WW1
3. Discuss whatever document you chose.
Rough draft concluded!
• Paragraph 5 (conclusion)
• 1. Many people restate their thesis statement as their first
sentence.
• 2. Summarize your main points that you discussed in your
paper.
• 3. Find a creative way to end it
• Homework: Have your 5 paragraph rough draft completed
by class on Tuesday. I will give you 10-15 minutes to peer
review a classmates paper.
• The DBQ is due at the beginning of class on Wednesday.
Peer Editing (Part 4)
• You will exchange papers with a classmate and peer
edit each others paper
• What to look for?
• 1. Fix any grammar/spelling errors
• 2. Is the paper 5 paragraphs?
• 3. Are the 5 paragraphs 5 sentences long?
• 4. Does the intro. Grab your attention?
• 5. Do the topic sentences connect to the thesis
statement.
• 6. In paragraphs 2, 3,4, is there 3 different documents
being explained?
Type 2 collin’s writing #7
• 1. Describe the style of fighting during World
War One.
WW1 1914-1916
• During the 1st 3 years of the war, the only
tactic by generals was to have soldiers attack
the enemy machine guns.
• The result?
• Barely any land was gained by either side and
millions of soldiers died.
The Solution?
• Both the Allies (Triple Entente) and the Central
Powers (Triple Alliance) bribed other countries
into joining their side.
• Allies: Italy, Romania, Japan, Portugal, Brazil,
Albania, Montenegro, Greece
• Central Powers: Ottoman Empire + Bulgaria
The Result
• Even with the addition of all these countries
to both sides, the war remained a stalemate
(tie).
WW1 situation game
• When WW1 started, the United States was
neutral. The majority of Americans didn’t
want anything to do with the war.
• You will pretend that you are President
Woodrow Wilsons advisors.
Situation 1
• War broke out in Europe between two great
alliance systems, called Alliance A&B. The
issue under dispute has nothing to do with the
US. Both A&B want to buy American goods.
What should the US do?
• Your response?
Situation 2
• Alliance A attacks and quickly defeats a small
neutral nation. Gruesome stories appear in
American papers about the attacks committed
by Alliance A against the people of the
defeated country. What should the US do?
• Your response?
Situation 3
• Alliance B stops US ships and confiscates
goods purchased by Alliance A. Formal
complaints by the US to Alliance B are
ignored. What should the US do?
• Your response?
Situation 4
• Alliance B blockades the ports of Alliance A,
which in desperation uses submarines to
attack all ships sailing to and from the ports of
Alliance B. Neutral US ships, which are
protected by international laws, are sunk by
the submarines. What should the US do?
• Your response?
Situation 5
• A submarine of Alliance A sinks a luxury liner
belonging to Alliance B. Over one thousand
people drown, including one hundred
vacationing Americans. Alliance A boasts
about its actions. What should the US do?
• Your response?
Situation 6
• Alliance A promises to stop sinking liners
without warning them and providing safety for
passengers. Alliance A soon disregards the
promise and resumes unrestricted submarine
warfare on neutral American ships. What
should the US do?
• Your response?
Situation 7
• America learns that Alliance A has asked
Mexico, in the event America enters the war,
to aid in an attack against the US. In return,
Mexico will be given back the parts of Texas,
New Mexico, and Arizona that were originally
theirs. What should the US do?
• Your response?
WW1 (1917)
• The U.S. finally joins WW1 in 1917 and break
their neutrality.
• What pushes the American public into finally
wanting to join WW1?
Cause #1
• 1. Germany is doing unrestricted submarine
warfare.
• Germany was running out of supplies because
the British had blockaded Germany’s ports.
• In response, Germany has its u-boat fleet
surround Great Britain and they sink all ships
that come to close to Britain, which included
American ships.
Cause #2
• 2. A German u-boat sinks a British ocean liner
called the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland.
• About a thousand people died and this
included 100 Americans on vacation.
Cause #3
• 3. The “Zimmerman telegram”
• A British agent intercepts a telegram that was
sent from Germany to Mexico.
• Germany wanted Mexico to attack the U.S. if
they joined WW1.
• This letter was published on the front page of
every American newspaper!
Propaganda
• What does propaganda mean?
– Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or
against a cause
How did governments spread propaganda during
WW1?
-through newspapers, magazines, etc.
Student Path Survey
1. Grab your assigned computer and login.
2. Go to www.mystudentpath.com and
register.
A. Make your login and password the same as your
computer login and password.
3. Follow the prompts and complete the survey.
Christmas Break Review
• 1. What were the 4 long term causes of WW1?
• 2. What was the short term cause of WW1?
• 3. What was the name of the terrorist group that killed the arch
duke?
• 4. What countries belonged to the Triple Alliance and the Triple
Entente?
• 5. What was the Schlieffen Plan?
• 6. Describe the style of warfare that took place during WW1?
• 7. What were two reasons why the U.S. joined WW1?
• 8. What were two new WW1 technologies?
• 9. Define propaganda? What was the typical method for
governments to spread propaganda during WW1?
1917 2nd Key Event
• 1. U.S. joins war in 1917
• 2. In 1917, Russia quits the war even though
all the Allies promised to fight to the bitter
end.
On the next slide look at the map, how does
Russia quitting benefit Germany?
The German Plan
• Germany was desperate to get a major
country out of the war because they were
running out of men/supplies.
• A Russian man named Vladimir Lenin
(believed in Communism) had been kicked out
of Russia before WW1.
• The Germans planned to return Lenin from
Switzerland to Russia
The Plan ctd.
• Once Lenin returned to Russia, the hope was
that Lenin would cause chaos with his radical
ideas and somehow get Russia to quit the war.
• The current Russian government was lead by
Tsar Nicholas II and he was very unpopular.
Why?
• 1. Russia was losing the most troops.
• 2. Food prices were going up
Russian Leaders
tsar Nicholas II
Vladimir Lenin
The Russian Revolution
• The German plan worked! By October 1917, the
Russian monarchy was overthrown and Lenin was
in charge.
• Why is this important?
• 1. Russia quits WW1, which results in Germany’s
troops fighting Russia to head west to the
western front and the Central powers almost win
WW1.
• 2. Russia becomes the first Communist country
and now they are called “the Soviet Union.”
Type 2 collin’s writing #8
• Dec. 12, 2015
• Explain 1 similarity and 1 difference between
an absolute monarchy and a constitutional
monarchy?
Collin’s writing #9
• Type 2 (Dec. 12)
• 1. Explain 2 motives of imperialism?
Pick em Review game
Goal: To get the most points.
1. For each question on the review sheet, a
student will get to challenge another student in
the class. Mr. Hays will then pick an random
question from the review sheet.
Ex: If student A gets a question right, they get 1
point. If student B gets a question right who was
challenged, they get 2 points.
If a student gets challenged and misses 2 questions,
then you are out of the game.
Last WW1 notes!
1918: WW1 ends Nov. 11 at 11am, since that is
when the armistice was signed.
Why the war ends?
The U.S. joins the war with millions of fresh
troops and limitless weapons/resources.
The Central Powers
• These 4 countries were exhausted and out of
young men, resources, food. So, one by one
each country surrenders.
• Bulgaria: Sept. 29, 1918
• Ottoman Empire: Oct. 30, 1918
• Austria-Hungary Empire: Nov. 3, 1918
• Germany: Nov. 11, 1918
WW1 Casualties
• Which country had the most casualties?
• What about the United States?
• http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWd
eaths.htm
Wilson’s 14 points
• President Woodrow Wilson (U.S.) creates a list
of 14 things he wants to see happen at the
peace conference that ends WW1.
• President Wilson wanted a fair treaty!
• http://youtu.be/GwKl8PEl-fs
Wilson’s 14 points Activity
• You can either work by yourself or with a partner to
answer the following questions.
1. Which of the Fourteen Points do you feel is the most
important? Why?
2. In what order would you rank the fourteen points, from
most important to least important?
3. What was Woodrow Wilson trying to accomplish with
the Fourteen Points?
4. Do the Fourteen Points address the causes of World
War I? If yes, which ones?
Versailles Peace Conference
• Woodrow Wilson sails over to France and all
the other winning countries show up to agree
how the WW1 losers would be punished.
• The losers will be invited only to sign their
treaty.
• If they don’t sign the treaty, then WW1 would
continue and the losers cities would be
burned to ground.
Versailles ctd.
• Bulgaria: Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
• Ottoman Empire: Treaty of Sèvres
• Austria-Hungary Empire: Treaty of SaintGermain-en-Laye
• Germany: Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
• The peace conference lasted about 6 months.
• Major provisions (punishments in T.O.V.)
• 1. Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1
(guilt clause)
• 2. Germany had to pay for the entire cost of WW1.
• 3. Germany lost land plus all their colonies.
• 4. Germany couldn’t have any new technology.
• 5. The German navy was turned over to the Allies
• 6. Germany’s army was limited to 100,000 men.
• The Treaty of Versailles was the most unfair
treaty in history.
• Did Woodrow Wilson get what he wanted?
• What happens if you punish a country too
severely?
The League of Nations
• Woodrow Wilson got one of his ideas included
in the T.O.V.
• Most countries in the world will join the
League of Nations.
• What is the point of the league?
• -To keep peace and to prevent future major
wars
League of Nations members
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Write down 5 important members in notes.
Membership
Original Members of the League of Nations - January 10, 1920
ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, CANADA, CHILE,
CHINA, COLOMBIA, CUBA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, DENMARK, EL SALVADOR,
FRANCE, GREECE, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, INDIA, ITALY, JAPAN,
LIBERIA, NETHERLANDS, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA, NORWAY, PANAMA,
PARAGUAY, PERSIA, PERU POLAND, PORTUGAL, RUMANIA, SIAM, SPAIN,
SWEDEN, SWITZERLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, UNITED KINGDOM, URUGUAY
VENEZUELA, YUGOSLAVIA1920ALBANIA, AUSTRIA, BULGARIA, COSTA RICA,
FINLAND, LUXEMBOURG are admitted to the League1921ESTONIA,
LATVIA, LITHUANIA are admitted to the League1922HUNGARY is admitted
to the League1923ETHIOPIA, IRELAND are admitted to the
League1924DOMINICAN REPUBLIC is admitted to the League1925COSTA
RICA withdraws from the League1926GERMANY is admitted to the League
• BRAZIL withdraws from the League1931MEXICO is admitted to the
League1932IRAQ, TURKEY are admitted to the League
League of Nations ctd.
• Is there an important country missing???
• The United States didn’t join even though it was
President Wilsons idea.
• He will have a heart attack and die trying to get
Congress to agree to it.
1. Why didn’t we join it?
2. What was the U.S. foreign policy?
3. Why does it matter that the U.S. didn’t join it?
Answers
• 1. We didn’t want to be dragged into future
wars.
• 2. isolationist foreign policy
• 3. The league will be weaker and less effective
because a major country like the U.S. didn’t
join the League.
*Watch WW1 ends you tube video
Collin’s writing (Jan. 23)
• 1. Why did the Senate not ratify the U.S.
joining the League of Nations?
• 2. What happened to President Wilson when
he returned from France and he was
campaigning to try and get the U.S. to join the
League?