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A computer is a machine that performs 4 basic
functions: Input, Processing, Output, Storage
Computer System
A complete working computer that
has all of the necessary parts to
make the computer function.
Hardware
Software
Hardware
The physical components of the
computer. The actual equipment you
can see and touch.
Hardware
The physical components of the
computer. The actual equipment you
can see and touch.
Hardware
Peripheral
A peripheral is an external
piece of hardware that is
important, but not necessary
for a computer system to
work.
Peripheral Devices can
connect through ports or
wirelessly.
Hardware
Input
Devices
Processing
Output
Devices
Storage
Devices
Input Devices
Hardware that
enables a
computer user to
enter data and
programs into a
computer.
The main parts of a
computer system
that process
information.
Processing
The main parts of a
computer system
that process
information.
Processing
CPU
Central Processing Unit
The CPU is often
called the “brains” of
the computer.
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Hertz measures the speed of a CPU
◦ Hertz = number of cycles per second
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Megahertz
Gigahertz
Terahertz
The main parts of a
computer system
that process
information.
Processing
CPU
Central Processing Unit
ROM is permanent
internal memory that
cannot be changed.
ROM
Read Only Memory
The CPU is often
called the “brains” of
the computer.
The main parts of a
computer system
that process
information.
Processing
CPU
Central Processing Unit
ROM is permanent
internal memory that
cannot be changed.
The CPU is often
called the “brains” of
the computer.
ROM
Read Only Memory
RAM
Random Access Memory
RAM is temporary
memory that can be
changed.
Hardware that
represents data as
either hard copy or soft
copy after is has been
processed by the
computer.
Output Devices
Hardware that
represents data as
either hard copy or soft
copy after is has been
processed by the
computer.
Output Devices
Monitor
Represents data as “soft
copy.” Some common
monitors are CRT or flatpanel.
Hardware that
represents data as
either hard copy or soft
copy after is has been
processed by the
computer.
Output Devices
Monitor
Represents data as “hard
copy.” Some common
printers are laser or inkjet.
Printer
Represents data as “soft
copy.” Some common
monitors are CRT or flatpanel.
Hardware that
represents data as
either hard copy or soft
copy after is has been
processed by the
computer.
Output Devices
Monitor
Represents data as “hard
copy.” Some common
printers are laser or inkjet.
Printer
Speakers
Represents data as “soft
copy.” Some common
monitors are CRT or flatpanel.
Storage Devices
Needed for permanently
storing important
information such as
computer programs, files,
and data.
Storage Devices
Plastic or metal
platters that are
coated with oxide
and store data
magnetically.
Magnetic Storage
Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
Videotape
Needed for permanently
storing important
information such as
computer programs, files,
and data.
Storage Devices
Plastic or metal
platters that are
coated with oxide
and store data
magnetically.
Needed for permanently
storing important
information such as
computer programs, files,
and data.
Magnetic Storage
Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
Videotape
Optical Storage
CDs
DVDs
A storage medium on
which data is recorded
and read by two lasers
Storage Devices
Plastic or metal
platters that are
coated with oxide
and store data
magnetically.
Magnetic Storage
Hard Disk
Optical Storage
CDs
DVDs
A small storage
device that can
be plugged into
a USB port.
Needed for permanently
storing important
information such as
computer programs, files,
and data.
USB Storage
A storage medium on
which data is recorded
and read by two lasers
Computers use a binary or Base 2
system of 0s and 1s (0=Off, 1=On)
Bit
a 0 or a 1
Smallest piece of data a computer understands or
stores
Byte
8 0s and 1s
A = 1000001
Kilobyte
1,024 bytes
Megabyte
1 million bytes
Gigabyte
1 billion bytes
Terabyte
1 trillion bytes
Petabyte, Exabyte, Zettabyte, Yottabyte
In September
1956 IBM
launched the 305
RAMAC, the first
computer with a
hard disk drive
(HDD). The HDD
weighed over a
ton and stored
5MB of data.
IBM leased this
machine for
$35,000 a year.
Computers that are connected in order to
share information and resources. The main
computer on a network is called a file server.
LAN – Local Area Network
Computers are in close proximity to each other.
WAN – Wide Area Network
Computers are in a larger geographical area.
Software
A set of instructions or programs that
tell a computer what to do.
Software
Operating System
or
Platform
Applications
or
Programs
This type of software
manages RAM, controls
peripheral devices,
manages file operations
(saving, opening, deleting,
renaming, etc.), monitors
system performance, and
provides a user interface
Operating System
This type of software
manages RAM, controls
peripheral devices,
manages file operations
(saving, opening, deleting,
renaming, etc.), monitors
system performance, and
provides a user interface
DOS is a command-line
interface OS. It is not
very user-friendly!
Operating System
DOS, Windows, Vista
Windows is a GUI OS
environment that works
with DOS. It uses icons
and menus to make
computers easy to use.
You can multitask with
Windows.
This type of software
manages RAM, controls
peripheral devices,
manages file operations
(saving, opening, deleting,
renaming, etc.), monitors
system performance, and
provides a user interface
Operating System
DOS is a command-line
interface OS. It is not
very user-friendly!
DOS, Windows, Vista
Macintosh computers
have their own
operating system.
Macintosh
Windows is a GUI OS
environment that works
with DOS. It uses icons
and menus to make
computers easy to use.
You can multitask with
Windows.
This type of software
manages RAM, controls
peripheral devices,
manages file operations
(saving, opening, deleting,
renaming, etc.), monitors
system performance, and
provides a user interface
Operating System
DOS is a command-line
interface OS. It is not
very user-friendly!
DOS, Windows, Vista,
XP, Windows 7 or 10
Macintosh computers
have their own
operating system.
Macintosh
Other Operating Systems:
Linux, UNIX, OS/2
Windows is a GUI OS
environment that works
with DOS. It uses icons
and menus to make
computers easy to use.
You can multitask with
Windows.
Application Software
or
Programs
Programs that
allow users to
perform specific
tasks.
Application Software
or
Programs
Letters, reports, text
Word Processing
Programs that
allow users to
perform specific
tasks.
Application Software
or
Programs
Letters, reports, text
Programs that
allow users to
perform specific
tasks.
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Numbers
Application Software
or
Programs
Letters, reports, text
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Slide Shows
Programs that
allow users to
perform specific
tasks.
Electronic Presentations
Numbers
Application Software
or
Programs
Letters, reports, text
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Slide Shows
Programs that
allow users to
perform specific
tasks.
Numbers
Electronic Presentations
Browser
World Wide Web
Application Software
or
Programs
Letters, reports, text
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Slide Shows
Numbers
Electronic Presentations
Browser
Large collections of data
Programs that
allow users to
perform specific
tasks.
Database
World Wide Web
Application Software
or
Programs
Letters, reports, text
Word Processing
Spreadsheets
Slide Shows
Numbers
Electronic Presentations
Browser
Large collections of data
Programs that
allow users to
perform specific
tasks.
Database
????
World Wide Web
A small computer program or piece of code
that is put on a computer (usually without
the user knowing about it) that is
destructive to the computer.