Recombinant DNA Technology Bacteria, Yeast, & Virus Plasmids What is a Plasmid? • Circular DNA found in bacteria, viruses, and yeast Recombinant Plasmids • Plasmids that have foreign DNA inserted into them in a process called Recombinant DNA Technology Methods of Recombinant Technology • Transformation – Plasmid and foreign DNA are cleaved by restriction enzymes – Uses DNA ligase to insert DNA into vector – Vector inserted into host cell (usually E. coli) Methods of Recombinant Technology • Non-Bacterial Transformation – Similar to transformation except E. coli/bacteria is not used as a host cell – DNA is injected directly into the nucleus of the cell being transformed OR – The host cells are bombarded with high velocity microprojectiles such as gold or tungsten coated with DNA Methods of Recombinant Technology • Phage Introduction – Process of transfection (equivalent to transformation) except a phage is used instead of bacteria – Lambda or M13 phages are used to produce phage plaques which contain recombinants (From: AN INTRODUCTION TO GENETIC ANALYSIS 6/E BY Griffiths, Miller, Suzuki, Leontin, Gelbart ã 1996 by W. H. Freeman and Company. Used with permission.) 4. Cosmids are hybrids of phages and plasmids that can carry DNA fragments up Antibiotic Resistance The Evolutionary Arms Race http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CuhqQzBACQ (Ep1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L82V6VPJkQ (Ep2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0_FTJnhzXA (Ep3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofL52tWhacY (Ep4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Chmb2g7atZ4 (Ep5) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-VOvideRZA (Ep6)