Times are a
Changing
Women’s Movement
 1960
The Food and Drug
Administration approves birth
control pills.
 Commission on the Status of
Women - documents substantial
discrimination against women in the
workplace
Women’s Movement
 Betty
Friedan publishes her highly
influential book The Feminine
Mystique, which describes the
dissatisfaction felt by middle-class
American housewives with the
narrow role imposed on them by
society.
Women’s Movement
 1963
- Congress passes the Equal Pay Act
making it illegal for employers to pay a
woman less than what a man would
receive for the same job
 1964 - Title VII of the Civil Rights Act bars
discrimination in employment on the basis
of race and sex. At the same time it
establishes the EEOC to investigate
complaints and impose penalties
The Time is NOW
 1966
- The National Organization for
Women (NOW) is founded by a
group of feminists. The largest
women's rights group in the U.S
It’s Not My Fault!
 California
becomes the first state to
adopt a "no fault" divorce law,
which allows couples to divorce by
mutual consent. By 1985 every state
has adopted a similar law. Laws are
also passed regarding the equal
division of common property.
Sir, It’s Ms.
 Ms.
Magazine is first published as a sample
insert in New York magazine; 300,000
copies are sold out in 8 days. The first
regular issue is published in July 1972.
 Editor Gloria Steinem is launched as an
icon of the modern feminist movement.
1972 A Year To Remember
 The
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is
passed by Congress and sent to the states
for ratification. Originally drafted by Alice
Paul in 1923, the amendment reads:
"Equality of rights under the law shall not
be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any State on account of sex."
The amendment died in 1982 when it
failed to achieve ratification by a
minimum of 38 states.
1972 A Year To Remember
 Title
IX of the Education Amendments
bans sex discrimination in schools. "No
person in the United States shall, on the
basis of sex, be excluded from
participation in, be denied the benefits of,
or be subjected to discrimination under
any educational program or activity
receiving federal financial assistance."
I’d Like a little Controversy with
my History
 As
a result of Roe v. Wade the Supreme
Court establishes a woman's right to safe
and legal abortion, overriding the antiabortion laws of many states.
She’s Too Fragile to Work
 The
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
bans employment discrimination
against pregnant women. Under
the Act, a woman cannot be fired
or denied a job or a promotion
because she is or may become
pregnant, nor can she be forced to
take a pregnancy leave if she is
willing and able to work.
Chicano Movement
 1962
United Farm Workers Organizing
Committee, led by Cesar Chavez is
initiated as an independent organization
in Delano, California.
 Late Nov.-Dec. 1965: The United Farm
Workers Organizing Committee initiates a
national table grape boycott.
“There is so much human potential wasted
by poverty, so many children are forced to
quit school and go to work.” César E.
Chávez
“It’s ironic that
those who till
the soil,
cultivate and
harvest fruits
and
vegetables
and other
foods that fill
your tables
with
abundance
have nothing
left for
themselves.”
César E.
Chávez
Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
 Feb.
15, 1968 – March 10 1968: Response
to violent repression on Farm workers
leads Cesar Chavez to begin a 25-day
fast to keep the farm worker movement
non-violent.
 Creates the United Farm Workers with
Dolores Huerta, a college educated
activist
 He’ll continue to work for the migrant
workers until his death in 1993
 Ms. Huerta continues to this day working
for the benefit of the working poor.
The Student Revolt
 United
Mexican American
Students(UMAS) and the Black
Student Union(BSU) unite, and
Rosalio Munoz is voted in,
becoming the first Chicano elected
as the University of California at Los
Angeles' Student Body President
La Raza Unida
 Apr.
1970: La Raza Unida Party
emerges out of Texas and
dominates the local elections in
Crystal City, TX.
Sep. 1-4, 1972: La Raza Unida
Party holds its national
convention.

American Indian Movement
 July
1968 - American Indian Movement (AIM) is
founded in Minneapolis to protect the city's Native
community from police abuse and to create job
training and housing and education programs
 November 20, 1969 - The 19-month occupation of
Alcatraz begins when approximately 80-90
American Indians - mostly college students - take
over the island.
American Indian Movement
 November
1970 American Indian
Movement (AIM) paints
Plymouth Rock red and
occupies the
Mayflower replica on
Thanksgiving Day.
 July 4, 1971 - AIM
stages a Fourth of July
counter-celebration by
occupying the Mount
Rushmore National
Monument.
Great White Father , Guess
What?
 November
1972 - AIM organizes The Trail
of Broken Treaties; more than 2,000 Indians
go to Washington on the eve of the
presidential election to present Nixon with
a 20-point program. They occupy the
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
headquarters for seven days, demanding
that the U.S. recognize tribal selfdetermination.
Bury My Heart at Wounded
Knee Pt. II


February 27 - May 8, 1973 - Wounded Knee II When members of the Lakota Sioux tribe on
the Pine Ridge reservation attempt to have
Dick Wilson impeached, they receive
resistance from the federal government,
which wants to keep him in power.
Led by leader Russell Means, AIM seizes
control of Wounded Knee (site of the 1890
massacre) and the perimeter is placed under
siege for 71 days. More than 500,000 rounds of
ammunition are fired into AIM's bunkers. Two
Indians and one FBI agent are killed. Nearly
1,200 people are arrested.