GROWTH:
Westward Expansion
John O’Sullivan:
“[T]he nation of many nations is
destined to manifest to mankind
the excellence of divine
principles…Who then can doubt
that our country is destined to be
the great nation of futurity?”
So how would the
U.S. manifest
(show or fulfill)
their destiny?
Manifest Destiny
The belief that the
United States would
spread from the
Atlantic coast to the
Pacific Ocean.
Proclamation of 1763
Treaty of Paris - 1783
Louisiana Purchase -
1803
The Corps of Discovery
Expedition of
Meriwether
Lewis and
William
Clark and 40
men.
Zebulon Pike
Sent to find
the source of
the Red and
Missouri
Rivers.
Pikes Peak
Setting Borders
Northern Border
Rush-Bagot Agreement
(1817)
• Set rules to sizes of navies
in the Great Lakes
Treaty of 1818
• Set northern border at 49
degrees latitude.
Adams-Onis
Treaty
• Ceded FL to
the U.S.
The Missouri Compromise
•Answer to the
question: is
slavery legal in the
western territories?
The Missouri Compromise
• Answer to the question: is slavery legal in
the western territories?
Trails West
Mountain
Men
Pioneer
The
Women
Mormons
Image from:
http://www.legendsofamerica.com
Forty Niner’s
Oregon Trail
“54’ 40” or Fight!”
James K. Polk’s
campaign slogan.
“54’ 40” or Fight!”
• James K. Polk’s campaign slogan.
• The U.S. signed a treaty in
1846 setting the Oregon
border at 49° Latitude. (The
current northern border)
after Polk’s election.
Texas Independence
• Texas wins its independence from Mexico on April
21, 1836 at the Battle of San Jacinto.
• The Republic of Texas 1836-1845
James K. Polk promised to annex
Texas if elected in 1844.
Texas Independence
Concerns over annexing Texas:
1.it was below the Missouri
Compromise line, making it a
slave state.
2.The U.S. did not want war
with Mexico.
Troubles with Mexico
Zachary Taylor
• “Old Rough and Ready”
• Sent by President Polk to
guard the border at the
Rio Grande
Zachary Taylor
• “Old Rough and Ready”
• Sent by President Polk to
guard the border at the
Rio Grande
• April 25, 1847 a group of Mexican soldiers
ambush Taylor’s troops – wounding 16
American soldiers.
The Mexican – American War
“Mexico has passed
the boundary of
the United States,
has invaded our
territory, and shed
American blood
upon American
soil.” -- President
James K. Polk
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1. Ends the Mexican War.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1. Ends the Mexican War.
2.Mexican Cession:
The United States gains land that is in
the modern-day states of New
Mexico, California, Nevada, Utah,
Arizona, and parts of Colorado and
Wyoming.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1. Ends the Mexican War.
2. Mexican Cession:
The United States gains land that is in the modernday states of New Mexico, California, Nevada,
Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and
Wyoming.
. Mexico is paid $15 million
3
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1. Ends the Mexican War.
2. Mexican Cession:
The United States gains land that is in the modern-day states
of New Mexico, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and
parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
3. Mexico is paid $15 million
4.
The United States agrees to protect
Mexicans who are already living in
these territories.
The Gadsden Purchase -- 1853
The Gadsden Purchase -- 1853
• Strip of land south of the
Mexican Cession
• The U.S. paid $10 million to
Mexico
The Gadsden Purchase -- 1853
• Strip of land south of the Mexican Cession
• The U.S. paid $10 million to Mexico
• Set borders of the contiguous
United States at its current
borders.
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
The United States in 1853
Manifest Destiny Realized
1. Thirteen Colonies 
2. Treaty of Paris - 1783
-- Northwest Territory/Northwest Ordinance
3. Louisiana Purchase
4. Treaty of 1818
5. Adams-Onis Treaty
6. Oregon Territory
7. Texas Annexation
8. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (The Mexican Cession)
9. The Gadsden Purchase
“From sea to shining sea.”