The Progressive Era: Chapter Nine
The Origins of Progressivism—Section One
CE 6.3.1 I can describe at least three significant problems or issues created by
America’s industrial and urban transformation.
CE 6.3.2 I can analyze the causes of Progressive reform in the following areas:
major changes in the 17th Amendment and the role of reform organizations in
promoting change.
FOUR GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM
 Middle class reformers want to solve serious social ____________________
 Writers and journalists expose unsafe factories; intellectuals question role
of large corporations, politicians try to get __________ govt. involvement
 Progressivism: four main goals are to protect social welfare of others,
promote ____________________________________________________,
create economic reform, and foster _________________________
 Wanted to soften harsh conditions of industrialization: Social Gospel,
YMCA, and Salvation Army provide services to feed poor, open libraries,
create community centers and churches, emphasize temperance, etc.
 Florence Kelley appointed chief inspector of Illinois factories after she
helped to win __________________________________________________
(no child labor and ltmd. _____________________ hrs. for women)
 Prohibition created to cure moral injusticethis is where there was a ban
on ___________________________________________________________
 Woman’s Christian Temperance Movement: leaders of crusade that stand
up for their cause by entering saloons, singing, praying, and urging
saloonkeepers to _______________________________________________
 WTCU (largest women’s group with over 245,000): opened kindergartens,
visited prisoners, worked for suffrage, helped with settlement ___________
 Panic of 1893 __________________________________________________
to believe in socialisma similar idea to ____________________________
 Muckrakers: journalists that dig up the ___________ on society’s problems
 Ida Tarbell writes History of Standard Oil to expose Rockefeller cutting out
his _____________________________
 Progressives rest faith in science to make the workplace _______________
 Scientific management: apply scientific principals and studies to increase
_____________________________________________________________
CLEANING UP THE LOCAL GOVT.
 Natural disasters cause some reform—Galveston, Texas hit by hurricane
and city council messes up the funds; state appoints five-member
commission to clean up city; each _________________________ a different
dept. and _____________________________________________________
 Dayton, Ohio deals with flooding—city has a council manager system to
nominated by citizens____________________________________________
 Hazen Pingree reforms Detroit with fairer taxes, low fares for public
transport, rooted out corruption, and offered employment opportunities
 Tom Johnson reforms Cleveland by dismissed private owners of utilities—
_____________________________________________________________
REFORM AT THE STATE LEVEL
 Robert La Follette, Republican governor and senator, regulated the railroad
industry by taxing them the same as other businesses, set up a commission
to regulate rates, and forbid free passes given to state _________________
 Businesses hire children for unskilled jobs with low pay and because their
hands can ____________________________________________________
 Children more prone to accidents—1904 National Child Labor Committee
forms to investigate—provides many photographs and statistics--eventually, get every state to pass legislation that bans labor and limits hrs.
 1908 Muller vs. Oregon: women awarded a __________________ workday;
1917 Bunting vs. Oregon men awarded the ________________
 Progressives, state-by-state, won worker compensation for injury or death
 Initiative: the ability of the people to come up with their own piece of
legislation _____________________________________________________
 Referendum: people able to vote on the ____________________________
 Recall: allows voters to remove public officials from position by going
through another ______________________ before the end of his/her term
 Seventeenth Amendment: allows voters to ______________ U.S. Senators
rather than ____________________________________________________
Women in Public Life—Section Two
CE 6.3.3 I can analyze the successes and failures of efforts to expand women’s
rights, including the work of important leaders and the eventual ratification of the
19th Amendment.
WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE
 Late 1800’s middle and upper class women stay home as housewives, while
lower_________________________________________________________
 Women’s responsibilities in the South and Midwest were to cook, clean, do
laundry, make clothes, harvest fields, plant crops, take care of livestock
 One out of five women had jobs; ____________________ in manufacturing
 Many single women work in ___________________________________ and
do not make ___________________________________________________
 Other jobs include ______________________________________________
stores, bookkeepers, stenographers, _______________________________
 Some also cleaned homes, cooked, did _____________________________
WOMEN LEAD REFORM
 1896 National Association of Colored Women: reeducate public about
treatment of ___________________________________________________
 Susan B. Anthony fights for suffrage (the right to vote) and questions the
14th Amendment; also finds National Women Suffrage Association
 Opponents worry that it may impact alcohol and garment industries
 3 goals: first to convince state legislatures to allow women to vote (Utah,
Colorado, and Wyoming); tested the ______________________________;
pushed for a national amendment in the ____________________________
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal—Section Three
CE 6.3.1 I can describe at least three significant problems or issues created by
America’s industrial and urban transformation.
CE 6.3.2 I can analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive
reform in the following areas: new legislation and treatment of African
Americans.
 Upton Sinclair published The Jungle: exposed the _____________________
of the ______________________________________________
A SERIOUS PRESIDENT
 Roosevelt was vice pres. for McKinley—assassinated in office term—TR
becomes pres—very powerful personality that scares city ______________
 Born into a wealthy New York family, overcame asthma, boxed and
wrestled in college at Harvard; ____________________________________
 Served as a police commissioner, governor and New York, and helped to
win the Battle of San Juan Hill in 1898 in Spanish-American ____________
 In politics, he uses his forceful personality and popularity to get his
programs passed—believe national govt. should take over when states are
not _________________________________________________
 Believes govt. has responsibility over the national welfare of its citizens
 Uses the “bully pulpit” to influence media and persuade _______________
 Square Deal: pass reforms that helps the common welfare of the ________
USING FEDERAL POWER
 1900—trusts control four-fifths of nation’s industries—using harmful
practices ____________________________________________________
 Uses the Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890 to break up trusts—became
known __________________________________________________
 1902 Coal Strike: strikers demand a 20% raise, a nine hour workday, and
the right to organize—mine operators refuse to _________________
 Roosevelt settles strike with the process of arbitration: a third party comes
in ___________________________________________________
 Miners win a 10% pay hike and a nine hour workday; operators do not have
recognize the union and miners could not strike for three ______________
 Federal govt. has to regulate now when a group goes on _______________
 1903 Elkins Act: railroads cannot give shippers rebates for using particular
railroads; also, had to notify the public if rates would ______________
 1906 Hepburn Act: limits the distribution of _________________________
and set maximum ______________________________________
HEALTH AND THE ENVIORNMENT
 1906 Meat Inspection Act: created cleanliness standards for meatpackers
and federal ____________________________________________________
 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: stops the sale of contaminated foods and
medicines; needs to use _________________________________________
 Before Roosevelt, govt. pays little attention to the environment and private
groups take up land; pioneers level forests and plow prairies; ranchers
allow overgrazing; cities dump sewage and waste into rivers and streams
 Roosevelt sets aside 1.5 mill. acres of water-power sites, 148 mill. acres of
land for forests, 80 mill. acres for __________________________________
resources; 50 wildlife sanctuaries and parks __________________________
 Conservation: preserves some land for __________________________ and
other land to use for the ________________________________________
 1902 National Reclamation Act: money from sale of lands in the _________
goes toward irrigation projects and Roosevelt Dam and Shoshone Dam
 Roosevelt not a big supporter of Civil Rights; _________________________
a few African American ________________________
 DuBois and other African Americans upset about Progressives _________ of
support for civil rights; meet in 1905 in Niagara Falls that inspirers them to
join with white reformers to ______________________________________
 NAACP: a group for whites and African Americans that ________________
equality ___________________________________________
Progressivism Under Taft—Section Four
CE 6.3.2 I can analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive
reform in new legislation.
TAFT BECOMES PRESIDENT
 1908 Taft, hand-picked by TR, ____________________________________
and pummels ___________________________________________
 Consolidated Roosevelt’s programs rather than expand them; did not have
TR’s forceful personality; only _____________________________________
 Signs the Payne-Aldrich Tariff: makes fewer cuts on tariffs and increases
many rates_____________________________________________
 Taft appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of Interior: Ballinger removes 1
mill. acres of land from reserved list and gives it to the ______________
 Pinchot criticizes Ballinger; Taft sides with Ballinger and fires Pinchot—
people _______________________________________________________
THE REPUBLICAN PARTY SPLITS
 Decides to run for a third time due to the mess Taft created; wanted
Republican nomination; already __________________________________
 Bull Moose Party, known as the Progressive Party, called for direct election
of senators, referendum, recall; women’s suffrage, workmen’s comp, eight
hour workday, minimum wage for women; end _______________________
DEMOCRATS WIN IN 1912
 New candidate, Woodrow Wilson, endorses a progressive platform called
the New Freedomdemands _____________________________________
regulation, bank reform, and reduction of ______________________
 Also, helps Wilson when _________________________________________
get involved in a verbal ______________________________
 Four parties run, and Wilson wins by promising to break up trusts and
expanding govt.’s _______________________________________________
Wilson’s New Freedom—Section Five
CE 6.3.2 I can analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive
reform in new legislation.
CE 6.3.3 I can analyze the successes and failures of efforts to expand women’s
rights, including the work of important leaders and the eventual ratification of the
19th Amendment.
 March 4, 1913—5,000 suffragists march toward Washington D.C. on
Wilson’s inauguration day—National American Women’s Suffrage
Association is led by Alice Paul and _________________________________
 Later leadership is given to Carrie Chapman Catt: used less aggressive
tactics to get _____________________________________________
WILSON WINS FINANCIAL REFORMS
 He comes from a family of Presbyterian ministers; was a lawyer, a history
professor, and president of Princeton Univ.; becomes governor of New
Jersey and wins many ___________________________________________
 1914 Clayton Anti-trust Act: a business cannot obtain the stock of another
company if it creates a monopoly; labor unions and farm organizations
became completely legal and allowed to complete protest activities
 Federal Trade Commission: requires _____________________ from large
corporations and prosecutes unfair ________________________________
 Wilson lobbies hard to ________________________________ and uses the
“bully pulpit” to ________________________________________________
 With loss of revenue from lowered tariffs, in 1916, an ______________ tax
is proposedtaxes income; goes up if you make _________
 Banks need reform Federal Reserve Act of 1913: divides nation into 12
districts in which a bank is created to watch over other banks; could issue
new currency if a financial crisis happens and can also loan out that money
 Help to create the nation’s _______________________________________
WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE
 Movement given new strength by college educated women: used door to
door _________________________________________________________
 Had trolley tours, where stops included sights of women speaking to large
groups ________________________________________
 1915—Carrie Chapman Catt, pres. of NAWSA, creates five new tactics for
the organization: painstaking organization, create close ties between local,
state, and national members; est. a wide base of support; cautious
lobbying; _____________________________________________________
 With the strengthened movement and women’s patriotic support of WWI,
giving women the right to vote is _________________________________
 1919 Congress passes the Nineteenth Amendment: allows women the
right to vote—becomes __________________________________________
THE LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM
 Retreats on supporting Civil Rts., even though he promises to treat African
Americans equally and speaks out against lynching during the election
 When pres., opposes anti-lynching because he says that __________ within
a state’s _____________________________
 Segregation of federal offices becomes prominent again with ___________
 WWI makes people lose sight of ___________________________________