CHAPTER 7: STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
1. CONSCIOUSNESS IS:
A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and
remember.
 B) the sudden and often novel realization of the
solution to a problem.
 C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory
information.
 D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

2. UNLIKE THE UNCONSCIOUS
PROCESSING OF INFORMATION,
CONSCIOUS PROCESSING OCCURS:
A)
simultaneously.
B) sequentially.
C) relatively quickly.
D) like running on auto pilot.
3. DURING THE 60’S, THE SCHOOL
OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT TURNED
MOST PSYCHOLOGISTS AWAY FROM
STUDYING THE IMPORTANCE OF
CONSCIOUSNESS WAS:
A)
psychoanalysis.
B) functionalism.
C) behaviorism.
D) Gestalt psychology.
4. ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS ARE
PHYSIOLOGICALLY INDUCED, LIKE ___; AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY INDUCED, LIKE ___.
A)
hallucinations; meditation
B) dreaming; hallucinations
C) sensory deprivation; orgasm
D) orgasm; oxygen deprivation
5. AN EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATION
ABOUT WHY WE SLEEP WOULD BE
TO:
A)
repair our brain.
B) promote growth.
C) keep us safe.
D) help us to remember.
6. BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT
SYSTEMATICALLY VARY OVER A
PERIOD OF 24 HOURS ARE CALLED:
A)
daily regimens.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) sleep-wake cycles.
D) lunar cycles.
7. A HORMONE MANUFACTURED BY
THE PINEAL GLAND THAT PRODUCES
SLEEPINESS IS:
A)
serotonin.
B) melatonin.
C) L-triptophan.
D) dopamine.
8. THE RHYTHMIC BURSTS OF BRAIN
ACTIVITY THAT OCCUR DURING
STAGE 2 SLEEP ARE CALLED:
A)
alpha waves.
B) paradoxical sleep.
C) sleep spindles.
D) delta waves.
9. SLEEP DEPRIVATION HAS BEEN SHOWN TO:
A)
increase attentiveness to
highly motivating tasks.
B) reduce hypertension.
C) enhance memory.
D) diminish immunity to disease.
10. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS
BAD ADVICE FOR A PERSON TRYING
TO OVERCOME INSOMNIA?
A) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.
 B) Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime.
 C) Avoid taking short naps during the day.
 D) Awaken at the same time every
day even if you
had a restless night.

11. PEOPLE WHO ARE HIGHLY
SUSCEPTIBLE TO HYPNOSIS:
A)
have a weak will.
B) have a great imagination.
C) have to want to be
hypnotized.
D) have a short attention span.
12. IN ONE STUDY, BOTH HYPNOTIZED AND
NON-HYPNOTIZED SUBJECTS WERE TOLD TO
THROW ACID IN A RESEARCH ASSISTANT’S
FACE. IN THIS EXPERIMENT, HYPNOTIZED
PEOPLE:
A) usually refused to do it.
 B) behaved in the same fashion as non-hypnotized
individuals.
 C) were influenced to act against their own will.
 D) experienced a heightened sense of personal
responsibility for their actions.

13. POLICE CHIEF OLSON IS
CONSIDERING USING A HYPNOTIST TO
HELP AN EYE-WITNESS RECALL THE
EVENTS OF A CRIME. THE CHIEF NEEDS
TO KNOW THAT:
A) hypnosis can help if the hypnotist is highly qualified.
 B) there is an increased risk of false memories with
hypnosis.
 C) hypnosis can result in more forgetting.
 D) hypnosis can only help if used along with a
polygraph.

14. ONE PLAUSIBLE THEORY SUGGESTS
THAT HYPNOSIS RELIEVES PAIN BY:
A)
distracting attention.
B) blocking sensory input.
C) eliciting a deep, REM-like
state.
D) “fooling” the subject to
believe there is no pain.
15. WHEN HYPNOSIS INFLUENCES
BEHAVIOR AFTER THE HYPNOTIC
STATE, THE SUBJECT WAS GIVEN A:
A)
posthypnotic amnesia.
B) hypnotic command.
C) command suggestion.
D) posthypnotic suggestion.
16. TWO FACTORS INVOLVED IN
DETERMINING PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
ARE:
A)
tolerance and withdrawal.
B) drug type and amount.
C) quantity and frequency.
D) psycho-activity and abuse.
17. THE NEED TO TAKE LARGER
AND LARGER DOSES OF A DRUG IN
ORDER TO EXPERIENCE ITS EFFECTS
IS AN INDICATION OF:
A)
withdrawal.
B) dissociation.
C) resistance.
D) tolerance.
18. REPEATED USE OF AN OPIATE:
A)
decreases the brain’s reproduction
of endorphins.
B) increases heart and breathing
rates.
C) does not seem to be followed by
serious withdrawal symptoms.
D) triggers auditory as well as
visual hallucinations.
19. THE DRUG ECSTASY HAS THE
DANGEROUS SIDE-EFFECT OF:
A)
causing dehydration,
overheating, increased blood
pressure, death.
B) increasing the risk of chronic
depression.
C) impairing memory.
D) all of the above.
20. WHEN COCAINE IS SNORTED, FREE-BASED,
OR INJECTED, IT PRODUCES A RUSH OF
EUPHORIA. AS SOMEONE COMES OFF THIS
“HIGH”, THE END RESULT IS A DEPRESSIVE
CRASH CAUSED BY:
A)
depletion of dopamine.
B) depletion of norepinephrine.
C) depletion of serotonin.
D) all of the above.
21. AFTER INGESTING A SMALL DOSE OF A
DRUG, JEN EXPERIENCED VIVID VISUAL
HALLUCINATIONS AND FELT AS IF SHE
WERE SEPARATED FROM HER OWN BODY.
SHE MOST LIKELY EXPERIENCED THE
EFFECTS OF:
A)
cocaine.
B) LSD.
C) heroin.
D) marijuana.
22. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN
AMPHETAMINE THAT ACTS AS A MILD
HALLUCINOGEN?
A)
Marijuana
B) Nembutal
C) Ecstasy
D) LSD
23. ACCORDING TO ERNEST
HILGARD’S THEORY OF HYPNOSIS:.
A)
becoming hypnotized depends on
the willingness of the subject.
B) the subject’s consciousness is split.
C) everyone can become hypnotized if
the hypnotist is trained.
D) it is just another form of
concentration.
24: NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCES ARE:
A)
typically recalled as very
scary and unpleasant.
B) quite similar to drug-induced
hallucinogenic experiences.
C) recalled by nearly all who
have been revived from cardiac
arrest.
D) scientific proof that we all
should “go to the light.”
25. THE BEST INDICATION THAT
DREAMING SERVES A NECESSARY
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IS PROVIDED BY
THE FACT THAT:
A) most dreams are psychologically meaningless.
 B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy.
 C) most mammals experience REM rebound.
 D) sexual tension is naturally
discharged during
REM sleep.

ANSWERS: STATES OF
CONSCIOUSNESS
1.
D
9.
D
17.
D
2.
B
10.
A
18.
A
3.
C
11.
B
19.
D
4.
A
12.
B
20.
D
5.
C
13.
B
21.
B
6.
B
14.
A
22.
C
7.
B
15.
D
23.
B
8.
C
16.
A
24.
B
25.
C