Name:
Topic 2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4
.
Summative Test
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. E
6. A
7. E
8. A
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. B
Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage (4)
1. Lipids are more suitable for the long term energy needs of organisms than glycogen/
carbohydrates, because they are lighter in mass and easier to carry around than carbohydrates
(glycogen).
2. Lipids also store twice as much energy per gram compared to glycogen.
3. Lipids also have secondary functions to energy storage, like being shock absorber and protecting
vital organs (i.e. kidneys) and acting as heat insulators (maintain heat), Glycogens only function is
energy storage,
4. Glycogen/ Carbohydrates are more suitable for short-term energy needs, because they can be broken
down directly into glucose and released into the blood, while lipids are broken into fatty acids.
5. Fatty acids can only be used during aerobic respiration, while glucose can be used during both
aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (in order to get point 6, they must have point 5)
Outline the variation in the structure of fatty acids.(3 Points)
1. Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated, that is, fatty acids have double between carbons
(unsaturated) or no double bonds between carbons (unsaturated);
2. Unsaturated fatty acids can be cis (isomers) or trans (isomers), which means the Hydrogens bonded
to the double bonded carbons of the fatty acid are on the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans);
3. Unsaturated fatty acids can be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated;
4. The location of the double bond can vary, for example, Omega 6 fatty acid has a double bond on the
6th carbon in the hydrocarbon chain and omega 3 fatty acid has a double bond on the 3rd carbon in to
hydrocarbon chain.;
5. Fatty acids can have a short chain or long chain;
Outline why the transparency of water is important to organisms living in an aquatic habitat. (2 Points)
1. Transparency of water allows light energy to penetrate through the water in an aquatic habitat.
2. This sunlight provides energy for photosynthetic algae and aquatic plants/ photosynthetic algae and
aquatic plants convert light energy into chemical energy (food).
3. Chemical energy produced by photosynthetic algae and aquatic plants provides the base for all
aquatic food chains/ webs.
IB Questionbank Biology
1
Outline the role of hydrolysis in the relationships between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
(4).
1. monosaccharides are single sugars and disaccharides are two sugars and
polysaccharides are
multiple sugars;
2. hydrolysis is the addition of water to split a molecule into smaller
fragments;
3. –OH and –H are added to the fragments;
4. disaccharides are split/digested into two single sugars;
5. polysaccharides are broken/digested into smaller fragments
(e.g. disaccharides);
6. process depends on enzyme control (in organisms);
4 max
Organic compounds are made of chemical elements, which are therefore essential to living organisms.
three most commonly occurring elements.(1)
State the
Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
State two functions of proteins, giving a named example of each. (2)
1. structure — collagen;
2. transport—transthyretin / hemoglobin;
3. enzyme/catalyst — lysozyme;
4. movement — actin / tubulin;
5. hormones — insulin;
6. antibodies — immunoglobulin;
7. storage —albumin;
Accept any other valid function of proteins with a named example.
For example, sodium potassium pump, but do not accept
simply “in
membranes” without a clear function.
To award [4 max], responses need a function of protein and a named
example.
Only accept the first four answers.
8. A.
a.
b.
25.8 kJg-1
Units required
i. Walnut has the greatest variation in energy content
ii. Because the standard deviation/ range is much great for walnuts than for potato chips.
iii. The small standard deviation/ range for potato chips indicates that the data are clustered closely
around the mean/ the large standard deviation for walnut indicates that the data are spread out
further from the mean.
iv. 68% of the values will fall with in one standard deviation of the mean which is +/- 2 kJg-1 for
walnuts but only +/- 0.1 kJg-1
for potato chip
(4)
c
IB Questionbank Biology
2
c) COMPARE—use your words and describe similarities and differences. DO NOT MAKE NUMERICAL
STATEMENTS
1. Both birds show an increase in mass at site 1 and a decrease at site 2
2. MW has a greater increase in mass than HT at Site 1 – DO NOT ACCEPT LARGER/ GREATER CHANGE
3. MW has a greater decrease in mass than HT at Site 2 – ACCEPT Negative change
4. MW has a larger mass change at both sites.
DO NOT ACCEPT ANSWERS QUOTING ONLY NUMERICAL STATEMENTS
d) EVALUATE data – USE your words and examine the reliability of the data to draw conclusions from, that is,
examine error bars. Do they overlap? If so, what does this suggest about the data. Are the error bars
BIG or SMALL? What do the sizes of the error bars suggest about the data?
1. HT data is reliable whereas AR data is unreliable/ the differences between HT and AR is not significant/
the uncertainty in the AR data is higher than the HT data
2. Statement above (1) is true, because the error bars/ variation/ range/ standard deviation for AR is larger
than for HT
3. The error bars/ variation/ range/ standard deviation for AR is larger than for HT because the sample
size is smaller
DO NOT ACCEPT STATEMENTS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OF THE DATA.
e) DESCRIBE = USE YOUR WORDS to make Relevant Observations (highest, lowest, et cetera) about the
data.
DO NOT only MAKE NUMERICAL OBSERVATIONS
1.
2.
3.
All birds have a higher concentration of triglycerides at site 1 and site 2. MW has a larger mass
change at both sites. DO NOT ACCEPT ANSWERS QUOTING ONLY NUMERICAL STATEMENTS
HT (and WS) are the highest at both sites/ at site 1/ at site 2. DO NOT ACCEPT ANSWERS
QUOTING ONLY NUMERICAL STATEMENTS
AR is the lowest at site 1 and AR is the lowest at sire 2. MW has a larger mass change at both
sites. DO NOT ACCEPT ANSWERS QUOTING ONLY NUMERICAL STATEMENTS
f) EXPLAIN = USE your words and the information provided(i.e. read the paragraph about the graph/data)
or your own knowledge to explain/ provide a reason for observations made in the data. FOR ALL
EXPLANATIONS YOU SHOULD HAVE A CLEAR OBSERVATION AND A REASON? “because” statement.
IB Questionbank Biology
3