Protein Synthesis (making proteins)
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This is called the genetic code (or Protein
Synthesis)
Also known as the ‘Central Dogma’
The DNA inside of the Nucleus gives the RNA
instructions for making Proteins.
Since the DNA cannot leave the nucleus, the
mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the
ribosomes.
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Changing DNA – RNA is called
“TRANSCRIPTION”
To ‘transcribe’ is to ‘re-write’ something.
This means there will be a change in base
pairing.
A=U (this is different, no THYMINE in RNA)
C=G (this is the same)
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Practice Transcription
AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT
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Practice Transcription-answer
= AAA – TAG – GAT – CCC – TAT - ATT
mRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA - UAA
DNA
Remember: There is no T (thymine) in RNA; instead
there is U (uracil)
The series of 3 bases is called a triplet or CODONS
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) being translated into
an amino acid is called TRANSLATION.
You will need page 292 of the blue Glencoe
Textbooks for the Amino Acid Codon Chart
Translate the mRNA to Amino Acids
 You will need the chart on page 292 in blue text
books
mRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA
AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP
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Translation
Your amino acid strand should read this
mRNA =UUU – AUC – CUA –GGG – AUA – UAA
AA = PHEN – ISOL – LEU – GLYC – ISOL - STOP
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Every amino acid sequence (protein strand) has a
start codon (AUG) and a stop codon (UAA,
etc.)
This is telling where protein synthesis STARTS, and
STOPS
On your own paper, Practice DNA replication
1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC
2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT
3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAC – GAG
4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA
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Practice Protein Synthesis (change each strand to
mRNA , THEN to Proteins).
1. ATA – CAT – GGG – CCC- TAT- ATT – CGC
2. TTA – CCT – CCA – GGA – ATA – TTG – CCT
3. ATC – GAT- CTA – TCG – ATC – GAC – GAG
4. GCT – AGA – TAA – AGG – CAA –GAA - AAA