THE S I S A Patho1oioa]. Survey of In partial fulfillment of

THE S I S on A Patho1oioa]. Survey of the Poavy Arboretum Submitted to the OREGON STATE AGRIOULTUEAL COLLEGE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MA.STER OP SCIENCE by James William My 1932 mmey APPROVi1): Signature redacted for privacy. Professor of Fovestry and. Signature redacted for privacy. Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology x,i Ohargep±Major Signature redacted for privacy. IVA of School of Porestry Signature redacted for privacy. Chairman of Oothrnittee on Graduate Study rite ri Part Decay of yelled. Ttmber on Thtnntn Plota of the Psavy A.rboretua Introdu ott on Ob3eqt of the Preaent Stud Extattn Oontt1ons Method of Study Conoluet one 12 8uznmary 15 (Including ten plate8 Part XI oeat ungt of the Peay &rborstum Purpoee of the Study Method of ieaar*b 18 Ob eervat tons Collect ton eooniyoete8 23 2 Baj4 tomyc ate B Pungi Irnperfeoti The Host Planta Index of Pungt 89 4 A PLThOLOGIOA1 8U1WET O TEE PIAVT AIBORETUM P&rtt Decay of 2efloc Ttmbez on Thinning fete of the Peav Mboretuin !!!!!!U ::: I U UUUUUU U r.. :::i:::::.... UUUSUUUUUUUU UUUU UUUUSU U UUUUUUUUSUUUUUUU IUUUUUUU - UUUU.SUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUI U I1. ._ UUUUU U.SUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU.UUUUNUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU.UUUU.UUUSUU.U..UUIU.SUUUUUUU UUI UUUUUUU UUU UU UUUUU UU IUU.0 IUUUUUU UUU UUUU I S US IUU UU UUUUUUUUSUISUU.UUUUUUUUUUUUSUUUUUUUUUUU U U UUUU U U . SI.....U..0 .UUUUU..PUUUUl UUUUUU UUUSUI UUUUUUSUU'UUUUUUU.UUU U. UUUUUU.UUUUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UlUS UUU.SS U U .SUUUU..U......UUUU.U. 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IUUUUUUUUUU UUIUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUS UUWUU II U IUUUUUUUUUUU UU UUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUI UUUUU UUUUUUUU UU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUSUU I. U UUUUUUUU UUUU UUUUUUU'UUU1UIUUUUUUUUUU FUUPUUV!I.UUUUUS.0 U UU UUUUUUU UUIUU UUUUUUUIPIUUU U UUI.SUUUU.1UUUUUUU nUUUUrU.SUU1 UUU U.UUUUUUUU UUUUU UU UUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUU uU. UUU UUU .5 SUU3 UUUUUP I U UUPIUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUSUU U.UUU U CI.UUUUSUSUU I._P UUPUUUUUUUU UU UU UUU U.S UUUU UU UUU'JUUUUUUU U IUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U.SUU UU UUU... U UUU.UUU UUUSUUU UU UUUUUUUU U SUUUWUUUSU UUUUUUSUUUUUUU UUUSIUUUUIUUU U.UUUUUI UU UUU UUUUUUU UU UUUUU. U UUUUUUUS U.SUU.UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UUUIUUUUUUUUS US U.UUUUU.U.UU....UU U.U. U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUI UWU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU PUUU.FUUUUU SU UUUU.UUUUS UUU UUUUU UUUUU UUUUUU.IUUUUUUU UU UU.UUUUU_UUU UUUU UUUUSUUUUUUUUSU UUUU IUU UUIUS U UUIUUUUUUUUU.U.UU...UUUUU UUUUUUUUUU.UUUUUUUUUU UUUU UU UUUUU UUU UUUU.SUUUUUUUUUS UUU UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUU . UUUU.UU.UUUUUUSUUUUUUUU.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ........Si.......... UUU.U..U.UUUUUUWUUUUUUUUSUU UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUSUUUUUUUUUU.SIUUUUUUUUUUUUUU JU U:.UU.U.U::::.:U.U.:::.5.:m.S...::::1::::::UUUUUUU:: IUUUUUSUUUUUU UUUUSUUU.SUUUU ...UUU..UUUU...U..UUUUUUUUU..U.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUU UUUUUUU U UUUUUU.UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU Decay of e11ed Tier en Thinning Plots of the Peavy Arboretam Introduction It wee the wish of the orthweat 7orest .xperient Station to have experiuienta]. thinning plate in the secondgrowth au].es fir of the Peavy Arbor'etum, For this reason, in l96, the echool of forestry established under the euervieion of Professor B, G. Meson, four thinning plots at different localities over the Arboretm, Three of the plots were one acre each and one was half en acre. Three check plots, two an acre in area, end one a half acre, were etsbliehed near the thinning plots, E&ch tree in the seven plots was nrnbered anci given a nets]. tag b.aring its n.mber. The trees vere terked by Leeon end t'elled d.ring their dormant stage in the winter of 1926. The eleh was lopped bnd cttered on one plot and lopped on another, the other two were left as tney were. On those two plots where slaeh disposal WLs practiced the felled trees were trimmed, all limbs oi cut of t next to the bole. Ii the winter 128 vo1e rceeeurementa were taken ot all the felled trees of the plots. The data were recorded on form 5b8a end the vo1mee were plotted graphically. The stuzp height cut w. 18 inches, 2 This work nece itted the chopping thrd the bark at interva1 lon the tr,anks of the trees, thze e cain the eapwood to fzn;i infection, Obect of the resent bt4f When these fo,ar plote were thinnea in 1926 the question arose of bow to dispose of or atilize the felled trees. Several things ere considered, an it was finally decided to leave them nd observe the rate of eoay 'ander the exiet.ing eo.ditiona. The fellowship in forestry given by rs. ar . L. c3oneld has afforded an opportunity to carry on this study, Under the direct eperviaion of Professor Earl G. Meson this at.ady was carried on by the writer and an assistant, r. Herbert Wiflison. The atady as outlined will continue over a niber of years with observation8 after each five year period. The present study is uerel the first of the series of periodic observations. The object Ia to uetermine the extent of decay now present in the lo'a, and the comparetiv amounts of each species of decay, with an explanation of the probable cause of the entrance and development of each of the types of rot. Exttin Condlticne Weather Ccndit&on Since the Plots \:fere started: (Taken from the state Weather Rec.rcls.) Novemter 1926 was mild ana u.tal1y wet. kuob c1od- mesa, end frequent preci.Atation characteried the watber of December. There waa co'd weather and sro at high e1ev etiona during the firat part of the month. The year 192? was generally cool with mach more than the normal aelcunt of cloudiness, It wa nearly norms]. as to temperature, but the auwer months were elkhtly warmer than normal, Heairy rains etaz'ting in September bated until December when t turned to snow. It was a very 800d year I' fungus growth. The year 1928 was unusually mild end dry e: ept the t months of ;carch and April, whIch were asually wet. Warm weather and drought prevailed thraout the remainder of the year, Preoipitation became normal about December Two outstanding features of the weather tr 1929 were the persistence of low temperature In January, February, and April, and the prolonsd urouht in the aurner nd fall. The year as a whole wac the driest of reuor. in the five months Ju1 to NoeILber, inclusive, the preoittion amoun ted to 1.81 irche, which i ona-fiftt the normal. ecember was the wettest sInce 1896. The precipitation (or that month wee more than the total for the eight preceding montba 4 The year 1930 was the criest of recro, having eligh. lees precipittior then 192?. The pzeciitatior. wee more evenly oietriLated, starting in er1y Septeu.ber. 1ecember was the driest month of the name o record0 In 1931 the drozgbt oontinde for the first tc ontha with Msrch breaking the ory ccndition with m'.re than normal precipitation, April ond ey were again very dry with high tempersttree. Jine had some rains ttirot the midale of the month. Jdly nd Aggist wcre the riest nontbe on record, with very little rain nd exceptionally 'nigh temperatiree, epteuber had come rein bnd much cooler weather. October and November were nearly nc.ri in precipitation and were colder than uswl. Deoeivber temperature was below normal nd preolpitetion was greater thar. normal. 03* the whole these five yeara seem aLo.!.t aver.ge for fangt development. The first t.o eara were exceptionally favorable for spore prouucton ann geruinat.on, aria the lest three yearc dr end unfavorable for new lrifection, As infection probably takea place moiti during the first year or two that trees are .QWn, tus prolonged drought eerpB did not deviate the results to a great extent. Description anci Conoitione of tne 2lote; There were seven plots markea off, four of which were thinned and three were left as Check plots, 1-A wea a check plot for 1-B, 2-B was a check plot for 2-A and 2-C, end -B Cl) H o U CF o 0 o CD CD :3 C l- CF H H CD CD 0 :o H CD CF 0 CD CD CD - .. : - ------ -. .,& ' ..-a. Was a cheek plot for A. (See lte I.) Plot i-s: ilot l-i has th lowest ee titri the noisture condittonr are wettest of the four plots. A small creci passes witiin 0O feet of the Iortb boundary of thi.e plot. Before the plot wa thin there were zy ;tanding and down trees tht were d.ecejed cr contained decj. anj of there cecayed etubs or nas were left sta.cding. Gn the whole the plot provided an abundance of inoculu. for the felled trees, th1 tocthcr with the moist conditions afforded favorable infection ooy.dition. The plot is at an elevtiari of about 600 feet end located on a gentle north siope near a swalj. creek. The tree8 .re all second-growth fir. live yesre aLter thinning the ztndin trees average 14 inches in oiameter, and to a closed canopy. The under growth is sparse, with sorne hazel nd evergreen ferns. The floor is covered by deep soa, under which is well drained humus soil. There wee no slash Uispoeal ietbod used on this plot, and no volume eaeuremente were taken in 1928 u were on the other three plots. Plot 2-M Plot 2-A h the highest elevation of the four plots, and probably the driest moisture conditions. It i located at about 10O feet elevation on a gentle East slope, beco- in ebot 1O neor the rt iice. The etndirig tree8 five fter thinning formeo a noary c1o'ed cEnop ind iivered O triche in dicneter breast hiCh. There I.e no under brieh znd the floor is mce up of sbellow duff, well r&in.d coe CLII coierec by caa no sleh. ispcsal zaetho end herbiceoui. .eI:flt5i There used on thiv plot. yesr Au loi on this plot ere megred in 1;28 for vole nd at that titLe notches were ct thra the berk at tan-foot inter'ale 1ott the loge. This provided entrance cgrta for fungi. lot a-C: i1t 2-C, locited t an elev'tlon of about 8b0 feet and on an &st slope of b.odt i, consists o all second-growth ougla fir trees, which form a nerl oloied cnoy five yeers 2fter bein, thinned. There £2 no under brush except ferns, end the floor ir aoei covered, iel1 craine., deep humus soil, A.t the tiue of thinning the slash on thie plot ties lcpe rid left In 193 notches were cut thru the bark along the loge t five arid ten-foot interials. Plot 3-A: plot 3-A is the half acre plot. It is located on en Bat elope o 'proxiaate)y l8 et an elevation of about ?O feet. The canopy formed by the trees in l9l-32 was not closed, The floor of the pl.t is io covered a hiher of herbaoeog pinte and eoe hazel brueL. 'her the plot started the alech froii the t'elleo rees s lopped and ecatte1. n the fl1ed .es necesrtateQ cPioin tbr1 the bark at interv.l Lri 1928 the iro done Method of study Field: In October i93. investioticne began on the tour thinto ning plots. General notes were taken on each plot, elevstior, topography, spect, type of tirber, density of stand, type of soil arii cci) cover, drainage Cundition, general humidity conditions, an ILethed of slash disposal used at tire of thinning. Pive representative felled trees were chosen on each p1O The following notes ere taken on esch tree: (I) General notes on forks, breaks, and other poasible entry courts for fungi, er their locatione on the tree. (2) sc- tore that right influence the rate of decay, euch as diroc "jon felled; whether or not the tree vee on the grono, nd if off the ground, at what points tcr off the ground what points the it rested; tightnees of the bark; sapwood wee expcEed. () St p diaseter inside an outside f the bark, (4) iaeter breast high inside and ogte the bark. (b) Notes on the shade conditions of the tree, Plate IV The end of a section showin the thickness of the decay. Tvtc P(o TIJo-56 Pccc,y S*I& 4O. F1O No# 'ô- k- &cvi( Tr 0 B rak tir ,WK o'v_ V)4Q'. FtQ c,t ros'+iav)- MI i wrk c(i f1+kQ :3rOvvc O4 .I 1-to+-- t-f'4. -f' - 1O(# b%4cLfk. 0 oyY bc) flII kiiqkk I,rksI4. (lc-f-kQ pt.1QfQc. rô ctb, tvlAc 4'ptII F jiccLt 1-r oi+- L?Il9fIl (3 før4-ialJir#dc.. N' qr ZO14 perk. loOfl 1Qc4d?W Jcich dLsf7fscYI. Plate V Page from field. notebook showing general tree notes /i4e; that is et what points the tree was overgrown with egetat ion or covered wIth slash. 6) The presence of porpticrea, the species and the location on the tree. ('7) The total length of the tree. iiseter m erecnta were taken with steel Qiameter tapes and steel ralers. Length meaaarements were taken w: a bgndred...toot steel tape. 1sch tree was then marked, ano sewed into ten-f ha, to aix-inch top diameter. Iotee were taken 11 end of the section the ten.400t section. At the dieuetere oitside bark, inside bark, and inside rot, were rneasired to the nearest tenth of an inch. The ends o each section were exauined to tietermine the kinds and amoints of each decay present. The amounts were estimated in. percezi age of the section occupied b each species of decay. In some cases it wa neceaaar to eplit open the section or peel off the bark sn chop thru he rat to determine thi In the Laboretorj: Those species of aecay which could not be cetermined from the former aseociation of the writer with woou-rote, in school and in previous field experiences, were Identified in the lat.oratory. Samplee of the questionable rotten wood Ui. en prepz'ed were collected and cultures were grown. ta to-dextrose media. Three kinds of media were ue4a agar, rice agar, and plain agar without other nutrient. The Th3 FiO DQcy 5+t.chj Po4 t4o.- Tre4o.-5, Trc' Po.#z.- /ô/Yz -l3 w-k -HiVtJ.kLK. Dci4o t-).6. 20 P.e.e. 10 t1 I5on I S.c4tOv ta+ci LZ8. az. 2 - J 9.50 cO 950 3 c- !oo, 5 / 3.75 /2, 7 9. SO iô 13,/in 9.& ( ii.P /o,,co b1 'i )D%rJK1roJn & :5O zc 7 7.5n Zoo 1Oo 6OZ C Plate VI A. page from the field notebook showing tree /7 A/it 12.00 i/.O(> C) i.b. and section data a rote were firat planted, under sterile conditions, on potato-dextrone and on rice agar. If a ccntainatod calture resulted the fung& separated L akin traners to plain edii. Rotten woo.i of known spec ic were cult- tu th see iay. These known culture' re thor4 pared with the known culturec to ascertain the specles. In the case of 2eistictiø abietinus the known caltare ws pre. pared fran. spores taken f rain arophorea In the Office, *Thjcknoø of klot The &Tersge rot thickness was dateruined for each plot by adding the rot thickness of all samples on that plot, ex* cept those ac4ea tbit were thrown out as doubtf.l cata, end dividn by the nbor of aample used. The following table shows the: nunber of s pies and average thickness of rot for each thn?jn 4ots Avare Thic1cnee Plot umber eripies Used Of ict (Inches 1-B All plots 39 2.61 3 03 34 3024 42 3 81 1 t4 3.12 he terrn "thiccness of rots as used in this report means the part of the ciameter of the sample that contains decay, or double the depth of rot on the radiaa of the swi.ple. 3.0 An overe rt thickne..i fr 611 p1ot aairaé, etrn:jneci by n1ea xnentiorec. tcve. Thie c;Terae vas the .)2 inches. Corre1 t1uflE An endeavor ws made to c,rreite the thiekneee of rot 1ctors. r1 iaed in fincL.nb the coefficient of COr h epposed1y inu1&encin The relation wee: when 6 and Standard devition= Firet product ent of the t.b1e. P1te VII is a chart shoirig the piotted pu.intt;, of the 3.54 3am)1ee ue on the four plots, in n atteipt to corre late the thicknenr of rot. with the c.iieter i the azij1oe. The coefficient of a relatic.n 099, joe it i. the coon practice to call authin lees than .4 no cerrelat ton, it is evi4ent ttiee is r crrolation hre, 'late Viii is a chart shwir an atteupt at corre1atth the thio.neas of rot with the distnce the sp1e was from the ground after the tree waa fellec. Thc ooefuicient of correlation here was-.Ol?, wriuh also shows no corelation. 2late I. shows there is no correlatic wit ttiiC.... of rot and density of ahade '.ri the aazlee1 The coefficient of correlation here was .16, Thig came nearer correlating with the thicktiees of rot than any of the other factors U U UU ......................................_.......... U U S U P -U P U . . UUUPUUUPUUUUUU PUPUUUUUP UU U . : I.U U U.4 . UPUUUUUUUUU PUP I. ..1UUI UUUF. UUUUUPUP P PU U U UPPUPU . - . UP . . . UUUUUUUU - . U . Q . U U U PU UU UU U UUl .U..U...................UP...... UU ,i.. I? U .-:......................... U.. . IUUPUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUIIUU . 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I I IIIIIIIIIUUIIIUIIIUIIIIIUUUIIIIIIIII U lUllIll IlUill 1111 I I . UIIIIUU. I II lUll 11111 lUll 111111 III UUII ::::::111uI5 U ::::u:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: II P lUll IIIUUI II II I III I I I 11111 I 1111111 I hUUIUIIUIIII.II9IUIIII9IIIIUUIIUIIIIIIIIIIII U III 11111 IIIIIUIUUIII UUU : : iII:III1IdIllhIIiiiI!F UllIllIllIlIl IIIIUU U IIIUIIUUUIIIIIIIIIIUUIIUIUIIIUI ::I:I::I::::I::::g1::II:III:II5IIIIIIII!IIIIUIUI U etdieQ. t.tept t CoDre1tinc; the thickness of rot with the rpecies of rot. This chart shows i.tsiute1y no corrL tion. Othet rtr ueei in an ttert to find correlation Late X ii an with the t ck!es of rot were; the thickness 0 the bark on the saule, the tr otors ccbined of chade denity and dietee from the ground, conbination of the two factors epecie of rot size of sam1s, cne of the2e factors or ccn1Tinotton of fzctors kiovied any correlation, The sver& thicknep,s of rot for each plot did not correlate with the deniity of the renaming stand after thinning. The foUowin chart shows a correlation except for Plot 2-A: Plot Limber Rot Thickness (inches 2 61 3 03 3 24 3.81 2-A 3-A 1-B 2-C Deneity A. per acre (sq, 2O.93 it., 108.84 14.?9 .LOiiI. Species of 1ecay rount of each species of deoy was calo1ated in the percentage of the total for all four plots, by taking Tue the percentage of each apse ia in each sarnple, addiri thea and then diriding bj the totol nber of samples. The re. sAt were as followe* I.. .....U...N.. :...:E. . U U.. . . :::: .lu..l . uu.0 .. . . UII . UI . . SU .......l.0 u U. U. . UUIU! U UUUUUUUU UUUUUIUUSU UUUU U .pu ..:::::::::::::::::: UUUUPUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU ........a..uuu.lu.u...lluuu ::::: . UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UUU UUUUUUuUUuUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU..UUUU UUU.UU..UI..U.UU.UUIUUUU.UUIUU.ISUUIUUUIUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ..U.UUUUI.l.mUiU ................... 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UUU UIU..UUU UU!lUUU. UUIUUUW. UUI.UUW.. ..j U4UUU r UUUSUUU dU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUPUU Ur:UU U.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU IUUUUUUUUUUUUUUMUUNUUUU UU U U UUUUUrnUUUUL.U.Ur,u.UUUUUUc;UUUUUUUUUU.UEUUuUUUrUUUUUmU i UUILIUUUULIUUUIIUU UU.UU.UUUrUUUUFU.UUUUU.UUUUIUnUU..UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UthUUUUJUUUUflUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUnIUUUUUUU1 Ufl U UUUUUUUUCUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUU rUUU.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU.UUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUPU - .0U UUrUUUU.IUUUfl. UUUUUUUUCUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUflUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU %U U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUNUUUUUI UUUUUUUUUUUUUUI. UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUIUUUUNUUIUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUVUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU. U .UUUUUUUUrUUU.UUUUUUUUUUU flU UUUUUUU3UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUflIUL. UUUUUULUUUUUUUU. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUU JUUICUUUUUUULUUU U UUIUUULUUUUUUUUU.U.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UUUUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU .. IUUUUU, U UUJUUUUUU UUUUNUU UU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UUUFUUUUUUUUUUIUUIUUUIUUPU. UUUJDUUIUU UUUUU UU IUUUUUUUUUUUUC.UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUS UUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUUUUUUUUPUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUIUUUUUUU.1 UJUPUU UUU U UU::UUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU .1UUUUU US UUUSUUUUUUUUUUPUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU IUrIUUUUU UUIUUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUSU#U UUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU5UU UUUUUU UUIUUUUUU USSU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUJjU'IUUU"U UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUPUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURUUUUUUUUU U U UUUUUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU USUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU..SUUUUUUUUU UUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUIUU.SUU SUUUU.UU.UU UUP UUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUIUSUUSUUUUSUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU LUUUUUUIU.IUUU1UUUUUU I UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U..UUU.UU.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIIUUUU U UU UUUUUUUUuUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUP'UUUUUJUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUSPSUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUIU UUUUUUUUUPUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUL UUUU UUUUUU U UUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UU UUSUU UU UUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUU1UUIPUUUUIUUU UUIUUUUUUUUUUUU UIUUUUUUUUUUUIUU 1UUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUNUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUUUU - - IUUUUUI UUUUUU UUrPSUUcUUU :,..UU:,UIU I U nUUI,WU.'UUU.UUUIUUUUU1 ]UUUUnUUUUUUUU,..U.u..UUnUUUUUUUUuUU.U.U.UUrUUUUUUUUUUUsUUUUUUUUUU.UUUUUUUUuUUmUUuSUUS.UUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUUU IUUUUIISUUUUUU UUUUU.UrUU DUIU) U UUSUUUUUU UUUUUSUUUUUU U UUUUUUU5UUU5UUUUU IUUUUSII'UUUUIUUUSUUUUUUUIU US LUUUULIUSUUUUUUU]UUUUUUUUSUUW UU JUUUIUUUUUUUSU]UUUUUUUUUUSUIUUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUUUUSSUSUUSUUSUUUUUSUUUU UUUUUUUUUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUSUUUSSSSUUU. U UUUSUUNUUUI UU UUUUSUUUUUSUUIUUUUUSUUUUUUUUlUUUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUSUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUPUUUUu,;.JUUU. IUUIUUUUUUUUI U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU t . I U. U I:.:::.:. ...1 12 ii_ ?t ni, 64% Uoloms fasciculare 12.4% Poayaticts eraicolor .4 Fomos pinicols Rome a aplana tie 2 Trarnetee szbrosea $ All others .8% The only definite conclisione that ms be stated are the average thicknesses of rot for each plot, and the average thickness of rot r all foir plots. ( page nine.) All other conolgajons are more or lees indef'thte or hyotb* etical. The percentage of each species of rot foind is as definite as coild be deterzLineci on ich a ].re acalo stUcy in the short length of time available. The reasons accounting for the amount of decay as stated here are merely conjectural. If the thickness of aapwood of the samples at the time of felling coula have been aetermined, it may have been poeible to correlute the thickness of deca with this factor, ?rt plate VII it &ay be seen that o eap1e over the ulameter of' thirteen inches had a rot thickness of' lees than three inches, while the greatest precentage of eaip1es thirteen inches or lees in diameter h a rot thicknesa 1' tciree inches or less. This would eugest that there is eoet1ng common to all larger umles which cause the rot to be at least three inches IU UllUUUUIIIu ..l.. . . U U l : i .jU E U : . SU . . a.fl....fl......... . .. _ a S SUU ...lI.l..Ull.S..U.UUUU.11.....U.....U...l ..9....nsu.... ..l all. .................a. .... u ..fl....... ....a .uu..u.... UUUUUUUUUUUU u U. . U U.... U... UUUUUUU.UUUUU U UlUUUUUUUUU.0 U.. .UI,.....i..,I.IU U UUU! UUUl U1 U .1 ... . UU.I UUUUU. ....... ... P .. U ... U LuUU . .... UUU UU U u u UUUUUuuUU u ................. 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UUUSUSUSUUUl UUUUU auuu.u....u.....u.a...u..u.. UU UU UUU ..................:....:.:.:.....:::u.........:h.:.:.......:.:.....i....:.......!............ Ih ...i . ...U. . . .... ..... . ........ EEEiiE ::::;hEb2qE!E!E!L. .:E .::!EiEik.PEih a... ..u. ....................... :.... :... .... U..... S thick. if it could be ehown that the thickness of sapwood in these larger 8amplee, at the time of felling, w.s con.. sietently three thches or over ira thicknes, th theory, that sapwood end rot tbickne correlate, could be craven. it appears that there is aouie correlation between this factor and the thickness of rot. Axother observation that wee meos points to this taue conclusion. In plot 2A the average thickness of rot found was ,6l inches, which was lees than for the other three plots. The censity of the stand on this plot wa greater then on the other three plots before the thinning was rnaae, arid this dense stand would cn a slower growing tend aria therefore a lesser th.oneec of aepwood. Then if the sapwc.od was not so thick it might account for the ttiicknes a! rot beth lees on this plot. JUl species of decay found on th S Qlote ware &'apwood rota, however, the two epeciea, louisa pinicola an F. ppla netu also a teak exposed heertvcoa, and j. &ppinatua seems to attack only under very nit.it conoition. Wherever the bark wee tight, and no wounas or breaks occrea the rirci pal species found was Polyta.ctj abieti. Where the bark was off, or where it bed been cut thru with an ae, the principal rot found was . piniou1, and it we the only rot found where breats or cracks ex?osea heartwood. From plate it uiy be seen that .. abieinu is very consistent in the rot thickness, and because this is a sapwood rat, it would 14 inQicato that taprood. thioknes niiht correlte with rot thiokneas if thit w the only rot prert Pros obeervDtiG1 in the field na froai the rcter in the office it apper that in the firat fivc yesre . pinicola. wiLl work only in the iwpwooci if heortwod is not expced, and that exposed weod is neceBaur Lcr its preetice ot all, while the other rota encontere4 in this atud seerr to be able to perz.ecte the tcrk. Another theoretica]. conclusion suggested by the data that the vo1ui.e of iood decayed the first five years is larger than that volume that will be dec&ied during the second five year period. Thia ir eion by the consistent thickncs of rot in al]. sine dieter of the sap1es. The deca. seeia to be able to perrneate only so far in the first five ysare, no motter whet the diateter iB, with the only deviation frock this being that in the smaller saple it aees to perzneat a little less. if the deoa keeps growing at the esme rote, which is doutttul because of the large percentage of ssçwood rot, the triic&ness of rot-growth the second five yecr Vi11 be the sante as the thickness of rotgrowth the first five years. Tho ciBeter of sound wood in all saplco i leer, the thickness of rot, after the first five yearu, tLerefcre, he iolae of wood decayed in the first. the second live year period will be lees ti3fl Four thinning plots were eetzbiiahed in the aecondgrowth Douglae fir on the Peay Arboretum in 12 which the felled trees were loft lying on the rcint. After a period of fivo years studs wea oaried on to eter.ine the extent vnd epecies of decay present in the feile treeE, an an attecpt to offer norne expiuntion for the conditions tound wa rnaae. it ;ae found tht during thiø fiic year period weather OOflditiCn8 favoring intAction and oecay wore etremely good the first two years an relatively poor the last three. At the end of this period the average thiokneso of rot in a croar section of a felled tree, aeterinined trolL the measurement of 160 eu1ea, tken to Bi inch diameter minimum, 'a .l2 inch.. That means the rot h.au permeated the stem to oepth of l.6 inches. The to princip]. 1ani foun were .o1stictus abletin, w1lch rnde up 64 of the total an qu.e inico1a,, which made u 2C. The other zecie founo vere, in orcaer of their atund.rbce, Rphclozr.1 ieciculare, i?oLe aplanatua, Poljstictus vericolor, T eta eubrosea, Lenzite sepi- aria, ad tereuri. sp,. be lLaaS with the thicneei of rot and the supposedly influencing fector. The thickness of Nc correL?.tion cou) the eepwood could not be determined from the samples, be- 16 cazte the itinctie ittvveen sawocd arm ertwoc o1c not b .1e after beinf: .cwn five jeara flIt thicknee of rot, tberefoz'e, co1ci nt b. rL'e1tea tth Ue of eapood, 1tho it i.a be1ieve correlation exists. it wa eoc1ucje1 that 3. wiich cauea 2O the decay, would probbi. rot be Qreeent i wcou ce not osed to atrt infection. iiotheticlL it ws conc1uc.ed tkist the V L*Le of wood deceyed the firt live eürs is rc,ter than the vo1ame thBt will be decryed n'in the secotgt live iear period, 1'? A 2AHOLOGXOAL 8URVY OF PgAvY ARBOithTUM Part U The Forest ?wig the Pea'v7 Arboretwn The oreot un:i Of The Peavy Arboretum PUrDQ88 of the Study This pathoioioa1 survey of the Peavy Arboretuui is the Ztxst of its kind to be mad.e on this tract of land. Aitbo the survey is by ro mearw ootuplete, the purpose of asoer taming the more important forest fungi of the tract is fulfilled $ The detørmtnir of the occurrence of each ape. tee of fungus is another item of the purpose that has been oarxied into more or lesi detiil1 It is known that hundreds of species of fungi of t1e ierfeot and impereot forms may be found on ouch a ltr's wodet. tract in this humid coast Only the nore oonspiououe and abundant species of the higher forms, however, were studied. country. ethod of 6 &earch Pield Procedure: The Peavy Arboretur.i ooristts of over a thousand acres of forest land, the major portion o which I.e eeoondgrowth Douglas fir type. Lo make obsrvrtione nd collections over uoh a large area at all times of the yser is a problem tt. If. Systematic cruises of tht tract were made pertodio ly thruout the nine months froii 2eptember, 1931, to gay, 193P, inclusive. Oolleotins were made of all fungus frutt bodies of each species for eiob hoe plant. each ten-i 19 acre aubdi.vlston rw1;ed t ob survey rnde, ach specimen Was labelled. t t!e :field as to host, location of aollection, and te, arid notes were taker on be abundance of sporophoree. Preserving of piiuens: to the laboratory where It was Each epeolmerT. wac Identified served .d f lied. 8pecimen oi £ or le-es were pressed and dried. Collections o poroThore other fruiting bodies were arid in racks over steam radttor. All specimens ware r psr packets 5 by 8 inches, and preserved against irects by use of napthalene flakes In the paokets. .t card was pasted on the face of each packet, giving the cofleutio uaber, specice of fungus, species of made small enough to Lile i boat, oo1leotoru name, place of collection, type oi forest ihere ollecteä, 8levation, .rid. dite of ao1lootio, The packets were .fled in ordor u ti"e collection numbers in boxes, and stored t the chooi o Forestry for future rof erenos. X8eriUfioition of Speather Bpeotier. when time w ;cro identif.ed whIle in the iroh cndttton ava.lib Asitrnoe received from Professor C. nd 1r. , Lt. belier in the identifi". Ower oation of some of the specimens, and vrious books and keys on fungi were used. The species of each furigu was deter- 0 mined except in few abeolutely determined. where only the (erera could be Some of the Agaricaceae were not given a name bete t rte specimens wre t:suffiotent to determine ti's criera Obryations General: ay be said to be clean and sant tary, 90 ai R3 fungi are rioerne t.ltho there are huM.. rede of diffez'et £r of i on the tract, none of them aro epiphytotie or doin xy eat amage In fact, the fungi o this area do by ftr ore .00d than harn in decaying of and dtspenei wit?: tht :to iteriala of the foreot. trees, need The decayin of star..cl timber, other than ; be of no oor'equence lrL the practice of forestry on this area, because the patholo.;ioal rotation for Dou.lae fir te The Peavy rboretu about twice ae 1on a the fixanoial rotttor of cutting which will be p'actic boe. Abundant Species: Some species occur in abundance or the arboretuni. This le because of the favor&ie oliintio conditions and the large percentage of certain. preferred host plants for common fungi. ornes pjnioola,the rebclt £unua, is probably the most abundant of the aore conspicuous species found bore. 21 is found, on rouglae Lir white fr, the most oommon trees o. the irboretum. Alt!o exposed dead wood Is necea sary for t1e ertrnce of this disease1 it grows very fist and soon deoays the dead trees nd las1 of the forest. ft an Poysttous bietthua, the purple funue, is one of the most ebundant s'eotee found on this trot, It Is t-e first UflU8 to attck the newly ie1lod logs and slash of Douglas fir, and It crows neerly s rapidly s the redbelt fun:ue. This funue confines its action exclusively to the spwood. Hybolpia Lasciculare, a sap rot on iouls fir lc and s1s', Is bundnt. The sporophares are nurerous d.urin !overnber, and they may be fouM as late as 4CrUary and earl:r arch. 4Loe! erutnoeua, a brown porta-like sporophors, abundant thruout the year on ded wood of hazel, cherry, alder, and epeoially or oak4 This aporophore 12 generally reeupinate and may cover the entire side of a log or stand in oak ena &ja naucina, an edible mushroom, to abundant in the nursery in early 'ovember, byti$ra otturn, tar spot on broadleaf maple, abundant In the fall until the leaves decay. Other species are abundant wherever their host is found are limited only by the abundance of the host. LoiioderIurn *tnaetri, a needle spot on p'anted norway pine, Is abundant on the needles of dead trees on the arbor 2 etum. Orly a few acree of these trees, however, are planted on the tract. o1nIuon $peoiee: Many peoioo trc cornon1 among; whc1 re rmfllarta mflea; Po1ystitus verico1o; ;treum hirsaturi: rete$ tibroeea; i!d J?ome3 trinatus ario1; the wood rote. Conrnon ru'hr corns are itopis vtha1 s; tropharta bL:up; Lepiota olypeolarta, eep1aria; o]rporu&3 p1otpe; and speot oi ..uenula. >everal leaf 1ieeases are oornmon Phflaotthia eorle. Utnu1 siliote, and. M1-erQI1a6ra are non the oe oomro Liecioe of povdery ildea. Iare 8peotea: A few species are rz'ely found on the arboretuz, among wMoh are: orta pbltqua, found on one ocaaioc on the 1.n side of a hollow maple tree; q1yporus guttulatue, found but once dnrth the year; Polyorue oaesiue, of which only two specimens were foun?!, one or Douglas fir ard. one on oa; two leurous species - lpidus and sapidua on alder; and. a mushroom, Tritho.ma amarum, of eao}.i of wbtob only one ccl'leotton was mcds. Other Notes: Cortain wood rots which ire g.era1ly common in Older Douglas fir stands are uncommon on the arboretum. ?.inong those species conspicuous by their 8orotty are: Trametes 25 tni, Po1youa 2u1bnreua, o1yporu2 chviethttzti, and torn oftctra1i.. Mtho thee species occur they are not abundant or even coimon4 Porue sulhureuq ie not uri ooaon on oak but 'as not ou11eted on Dou1a fir on the tract. There re a TrJJ3e.te u pint on concentrations the traut, but in eaa1l quantttie8 Un sia11, dead, standing Dougla3 fir treos. onie te found on oli trees LOttered over the arboretum, flQj? OreQY1nSC nd .OYI.eB a1anatue 're found a1ost a luiveIy along creeks and in ott 1ocalitis. FUpes 1n!1tus wae found on five different but.t plants. The Phyconycotes were not oollected heau of the diffic.lt:j of preseAvin te speoiiene and tb3 reltve nportmcu of thi roup o. Iui. Qolleoti on. The collection of 101 Specimens, uade dur1n the year, is classified and each speothen is recorded in order of c1stftoti.on, In this troup of fun5. uiary aeaf spot8 and i.eaI eases were oo1leted, A. Pltoxn4;este3: 1. )ryeiphales: a. ryetphaceae £4 The three leaf diseasea iound under tbte family Mie,osphaor aIr4 (D. 0.) Wint. 3 Colleotsd on Alnus rubra. Bongara, October Notes: Common on alder leaves along creeks. sound in the fall as long as the leaves last. Uotini oo'y1ea (Pers.) Karet. Noe. t5, and 8 - Co11ectee on 9r'ylue ca,1orntca (A. DO.) lose, and Coriu nuttaUti Audubon, October 9, 1931. Notes: Common on leaves of hazel and dogwood. matntng on the leaven until they decay in the winter. Uninula saltots (D. 0.) Wtn No. 26 Notes: Collected, on a1i a November 4 Common Qfl willow along creeks and on moist elopes oiar the arboretum, 'ound until leaves decay. B, Dincomycatesi Is Pozisalee: a. Mol1isiaceae Jour collections were made under this Daersoypba bicolo; (Bull. ax £r.) 1ok1. rvif1orua NO, 13 Oo1lsote on ut utt., OQtober 23, an December 21, 1931. Notee; Conon on d.ea atalka of thtmleberry. Foun& thruout the year. s78Q7ba Bps Colleoted on Paeu&oteua taxi o1 Britton, November 4, 1931, and. March 5, 1932. Nos, 34, and. 100 Notes: Uncommon on oanker4ike wounds on young trees and on small twIgs of slash, hneflu1a ap. No. 11 0ol1eøte on 4boe ean,uiriewn Pureb, October 23, 1931. Notes: Not uncommon on dead. stems of this wild a urran Yelve11alea a. EalvellacaLe: R4vella eriaia (acop.) iries Collected. on buff of forest floor, ico. 23 November 3, 1931. Notes: Not uncommon for a abort time in late Oct ober and er1y November. 8 Pbaoidtalea: a. 2haotttiaoeae: Ihytiama arbuti, Thill. Ito. 71 - Collected on riutu.s, nz1c1j Irsb, December 21, 1931. Notes: Uncommon on leaves ot nadrons. Found until late eprth. .Lbytt$ifla No. 4 (Pers.) £'rtea Colleoted on oe maorophyflum ?ureb, October 9, l931. ound on leaves of broadleaf maple whereyer the trees are found.. iemaine until leaves are decayed. Note3 Abundant. 4. Hyster tales; a. Bystertaoeae: Loodermip oinetrt (Sobrod. ei Fr.) Ohev. No. 55 Collected -n Lus eatp Aiton, Novem ber 4, 1931. Abundar,t on dead needles of young pines planted Southwest f te obin. Notes: Pyrenomycetes: Hypoorealee: a Gnomoniaceae: mpnts. 9or;li. (Batach. ax rtes) Awe. No. 9 Collected on Corpus pali.forntoa (A. DO, hoee, October 10, 193 Notes; Uncommon on leaves of hazel just before they drop tn the fall, b. Nectr1aaaae Neotrtolla p. 95 Collected on oer oro1n.atum Pursh, ruar, 7, 932, Notes: Iot uncommon on bark of vine.maple wherever this tree upecies occurs on the arboretum. BASIDI c(YCE]S moat apecirnens were colleoted under thte sroup of funt, A. Autobaaidioncetes: 1. Hymenomycetalos: a. Thelephoraaeae: Oortttum yaurn Berk. and Curt. No. 2 Collected on Ptnue res1noa .Uton, Novem. bar 4, 1931. Notes: Oonnon on rootoo11ar of dead transplanted 8 pines of tbis particular species. Peniophora eangutnea fr4 1o. 46 Colleated an ton, November 27, 1931. Notes: Logs. 6wotsuRa tt1t Brtt- Uncommon on bark of ouij1as £tr s)ash an Lourid In Tovember and Deoeber, 81ereum hirsuun (Ystfld.) fr. Collected on orylua gits. foriI CL. DC. c085, Lrbius menzieefl Pursh, and Acer m.crohrllu Eursb, October 9, and Deo6mber 21, i9s1. tos. 6, 62, and 63 Notes: Cozamon on ctduous bust p1nta. hulttn bodies are plentiful wherever the disease is found. Stereum ranieale Sohw., Natur, No. 1? Collected on P eud tsug taxifolta Brit ton, Otohor 24, 1931. Notes: Uriconmon on dead iou1as ftr olaeb and lo teru ep, o. 61 - Collected on Cojy1us calfiornica CL. DC,) Io8e, December 21, lc);dl. Iotes: Not uncoimon on dead hazel branches. Stereum efleneu Berk. Nos. 14, and 15 - Col1eotec on Querous rrya Dou1a, and Leer macrophyllum Pureb, October 23, 1931, £9 Coinon on these two host species, mostly on tM1s md itnibs. Notes; 'ound !elephort spa Collected on DUZf of forest floor, Decem No, 66 ber 21, 1931. Notes: Uncommon, found along roads where duff Very d teagreable odor. b. Clayartao.eae: shalloer. 0Laarta -tsiatg (o1rnsk.) Priee o. 65 - Collected on,4iotst forest floor, December 21, 193 Common in moist r1aoee. Notoet 1ound thruout the winter. Jf4tble. 3. Hydnu Rydnacese; ztiaoss. (u1l.) $ries Colleoted on No, 80 ro arry Doulaa, December 23, 1931. iare. round on dead down oak tree. 3porophores last only a short time. dib1e. Notes: rpz aeforrntu, No. 96 Collected on Querou arryana ouglae, March 6, l32. Notes: Unownon on dead oak limbs and slash, only in early aprin &gartoaceae; Practiosily 11 epeoimenu of this Zarntly were co11eotei on the duff of the foreet floor, nttoe i'pgtnata (Bull.) hose, N. 42 Collected on Dutf of forest floor, Noyem.. bar 20, l9l. Notes: Co&rnon, sound thruout the fall until tb1e. December, Armtflpia pie1le (Pries) Quelet. o. 37 Collected on uci ons rryana Douglas, ovember 7, 1931. otes: Cornmor on stumpo of oak an around bases of dead oak trees. The eporophorsa were gone by t)e latter part of November, 01.ituoybu op1roppureurn erk. No, b2 Collected on Dufl of forest floor, Novem bar 30, 1931. Notes: Uncommon. Occurs th email areas under enee ehade. fa9t9ular9 (Rude.) r, No, 19 Collected on Pseudoteua taiiolta Brit ton, October Eu, 1931. Noto: Abu&nt or1 down Doulas fir logs over lialo tract, poropboroa most abundant in November. $1 t*iiti o)ma p. Colleoted on Duff of forest floor, leoem.. No. 59 ber 15, 1931. iotes: Uncorn:on tnd tnoonsptcuous. Bitter, ptartua Bps No. 60 - Collected on Duff of forest floor, Deoem.. ber 15, 1931. Notes: Not uncommon. Qocurs in November and. Decem.'. be,. .kcrid. Lensit6 3ePtZ1a o. 28 &88 Collected on seudotaua tio3j Brtt on, November 4, 193 Ocnon on burned logs and etwnps of Douglas porophorea ound thruout the year. Notes: fir. etpt clypeolar,ta (Bull.) rtas :. 4 Collected on Thift of foreet floor, Decem- be 5, 1931. Notes: Common. Douglas fir canopy. Lbunant in restricted areas under dib1e, Ltota nauctra rtas Collected on inera1 soil ¶n forest nursery, !overnber 10, 1931. Notes: Aburdant in the nursery for about a wee No, 38 early ovembcr, d1b1e. 32 eurotna_ a1:iduc i'r. o. 10 Collected on Aln rubra ?ongard, Oetober l, 1951. Notes; .ztare, The only oolleatior4 zas was this one spec irrien. leurotus apidu kaleb. No. 74 Cofleoted on lnu ib Bonard, Deosm.. ber E2, 195l. are. Only tbi2 one eolieottori was made thiring the entire year. Notes: P1urotus spi No. 44 - Collected on Noyeber 21, 1031. uorou ;arryana Dou1as, Notes: Uncommon on oak iogs and stumps, Thte uporophore i found only in late Loveber and early Decew bor. Nos. 36, and 7 - Collected on Thiff of iareat floor, !'Toverbcr 5, and Tiecember 10, 1931. Notes: Connor along tra1l shore rnole iiY8 exposed rntner1 soil, Not poisonous but unpleasant. peoiee of oo1ection 'o. 57 is rare. Sobizhy11um 3orniune 'rtes No. 81 - Collected on Alnus zubra Bongar bruary '7, 1932. Notes Not unoommon on eeoid.uoua speoiet along oreek hottorne and in moist piacee. btua (Peek) Zefler o. 45 Collected on. uff of forest floor, 1ovein.. Stropbp.rt ber ES, )931. Notes: area&, th Common. Ooaurs in large numbers over small dense ehcde. Trtc11 amarum (A. & S.) ''LueI. Collected on.Duff of forest floor, Noem. Nc. 43 ber 20, 1931. Lote: iare. Jound only in ovcmber on th8 arbor.. etuin. Vcry bitter. Polrporaoeae: h1a famIly oortaIns the bulk of the collection. Fome &ppianatus (Pora.) rtoe oa. 47,?E,8b,88, and 89 Collected on xaryan Dou1au, crcu eudotsua taxtfolta Britton, Alius ruhr Bongard, tbis grids Lthc1ey, ar. 'e viorob.v1lum Pureh, iovember 2?, and December 22, 1931, nd 2obruary 7, 1952. Notes: Common an ok sturnp nd gs. Found aces- stonally on other hosts along oreck ac1 In moist places. Sporophores found thruout the year. Forme a white ro ferrutnoaus (Sobrod.) Mas3ee, Nos. 39, 77, 86, arid 87 Collected on Coryze oalUorntga (A. DC) Roee, ?rume earnat (Dott.) Waip., Alnue rubr Bonard, and Quscus arrara Douglas, November 12, and December 23, 191, an Pebruary 7, 1932. Notes: Abundant on dead oak, and common on base Not uncommon on alder and cherry. Pound thruout the year wherever dead oak ta found. oes oicthaUe Pries (P. 1ari No. 75 Colløøted on ton, December 23, 1931. Notes: Murrili) eudqtsupa Uncommon on the arboretum. aziolta, Pound only on roli.trees of Douglas fir. Pope otnicc4a Prte Nos. 33, and 92 Collected on Ps*udoteups o1a, and Abtes randi2 Lindley, November 4, 1931, and Pebruary 7, 1932. Notes: Abundant on the arboretum. Pound on Douglas fir trees, logs, stumps and slash, Pound tbrnout the year. Porma a cubical brown rot. Ganqdez, eonen Murrill Nos. 7, and 78 Collected on ae 1olta rttton, and'ltuff of foreet floor near base of a Douglas fir tree, October , and December 23, 1931. 5 1otes Uncommon on 1aah and. down timber. Found in motet localitten. Sorophorcs ron september to January. Ieru1ius coriwn Fr. Nos. 94, arid 99 - Co11ecte on 2L maorphy1lu Pureh, February 7, and March 5, 1932. Noteo: Uncoioi on dead 1rnbe o 1;t1ea maple. Føund frou February to Ly. Porua ceestus Sobroder ex Fries 2, and 83 Co11ecte on Pee,udotupa Britton, and uergu.a jarrana DouglaB, October 24, 131, and February 7, 1932. Notes: ktaro. These were the only oofleetions, o Non. this species, made on the arboretum in this study. Found. on dead and decayed oak and Douglas Xir. ilis Fries Rql7oiis Collected on seudotsupa axtfolta ton, Yebruary 7, 1932. Notes: Unoormon on loss e Douglas ttr, along creeks and othór moist places. Found. in February and aro 0. 82 guttltue Peck. Collected on euoaz, aztfolta Irtt ton, December 21, 1931. Notes: hare. But one collection of this ungue No. 70 rnaas. 36 Po1yporu8 oaeus Lalolibreuner o. &ci - Collected, on euaotsu taxioiia Brtt.. ton, soer 21, 1931. otei: logs. ot uncoon on sawed and of Douglas fir ourid in lovornber and December. Popi )iotpoB J?rtee No. 20 Colleote4 on Q*arcu çarz'yana Dou,glae, Oatobcr £4, 131. Coimnon on dead oak etumpe and loss, found on duff, and on alder. Sporoohore found. from September Notea; y. Polyporue obwthit1i rtee Collected on 2eeudoteua ton, December El, 1931. No. 64 Notes; Br Not unoonmion around bases of old snags and walf4reea of Douglas ftr. 8poropboreø ocur in the auier and early fall. 1'oo:rji ureus Bufltard ex iriee sos. 1, and. 49 - Collected on ueaus Douglas, October 8, and ro?etber 27, 1931. Notes: stumps. au Not ur&oommon on dod oak trees, logs, and Sporophores are in their prime in October. mene collected in late November were decayed. peoi ou !.9at Pk. No. 97 - coi1eetec on Pacudotsu ton, M.roh 5, .932. Note3; in the taxtf4ta U!cemuon Ofl ioS o rouglaB fir. rttu. Eound. on rir. Po1ystiotu abiejj.nna (Dicke.) riee No. El - Coileoted an P8eidotnga &oiia Brit ton, October 24, l91. Notee; Abundant on loge of ou1as fir, round thruout the year. O1YetiQtUB h1reutu (Wuif.) b1ries Noø, 79, and 93 - Collected on urue rctnta Walpers, and Unue rubr Bongard, December 23, 1931, and. lebruary 7, l52. Notee; Uncommon on the arboretum, ueua r found on dectduoue boete a1on creek hottoia. Porme a white rot. yerBl.00lor fL.) ?ries Noa. 2, 18, 32, 84, and 101 Oollected. on Querou ar7ana DQu1a8, aeudotBu txtolt Britton, iraxinue oreona Nuttall, and Cej 4oulaj Lindloy, October 9, and. E4, and Iovember 4, 1931, and itebruary 7, and ,1arah 30, 1932. Notea: Conon on doad oak and Dou1as fir. pharee are plentiful thruout the entire year. Sporci. Por oblinia (Pore.) Quel. Colleoted on No. 90 Pebiiitry 7, 1932. otee: dare on bt1ea maple. PouM on one tree only, on the arboretum. Peritrt thruout the year, 2or1ubaot&a (Pk,) aoo. No, 91 - Collected on seudoteupa Brtt ton, 'ebruary 7, 1932. Noteø: Uncommon on very rotten Douglas fir loge alorg ereeke and in moist plaoeu. 2ametee, t.rporpha (Pr.) Lloyd. No. 98 * 0o3.leoted on Peudoteuya tIi Brit.. ton, Larcb 5, 1932. Notes: Uncommon on dead Douglas fir loge and slash. Pound in early spring only. raje1e pint (more,) i?riee No. 24 Colleøted on seudoug tazto1i4 Brtt ton, November 4, 1931. iotes: Not unco!nrnon round In three r?StriatSd areas in old trees and ded eecondgrowth Dou1las tr, Sporophoree our thruout the year. Tramto subrose Weir No. 18 Collected on ieudotsua taxtZolta Brtt ton, October 24. 1931. 3, Common oyer tIe arboretum on dead Douglas Notas fir wood. Found In living trees wher broken tops and fcrked tops are found, also common on atums and broken iogs o Douglas fir. 2. Gastsromycetales: Lyooperdaesae: ast bygrometri9us (Pers.) Morgan Colleotod. on Mineral soil on grass land, No. 67 December 21, 1931. Found on mineral soil in grassy ladeø and open grass knolls. porophorse found thruout the year. Notes: Uncommon. Ntdulartaceaa: .Qruqtbu1n. yi4are Tul. No. 76 - Collected on Qurou. garYaIia Douglas, December 23, 1931. Iotes Conon on ia.rtoas dead material on the ground and in moist places. FU1I iMP.ijiFOTI The only specimens collected in tbte group were three t diseases. A. Hyplioinyoetales: 1. Dematiaoeae.: Vt;garta. ep. Collected 6$ a. on &tt ?r8ndi8 Lindloy, 0- ember 21, 1931. Notea: ot uncommon on needles of white fir over the arboretum. 8phaeropaidalee: 1. Sphaertoid.aceae* Pby,1psttota spp. 12, and ?3 No Nuttan, and Collected on Fraxinus pregona axus bretfolta Nuttall, October 3, and. Dec- ember 22, 1931. Notes: leaves decay. Common on leavee of ash. Thrsisting until Common on leaves of yew, causing oonatderab d.sfol tat ton, Unidentified Pungi irteen specimens collected in the fall could not be identified. other groups. Nine belonged. to the Agartoaceae and. four to The Host Plante Tb. host plants are aiphabettoafly arranet with tb. iungt, fount on then, arraxied aiphabeticafly f or each boat, lee andts ?ouiee applanatus owes ithtoola Virgrta ep. otyo inatuxr .otrtei S r maor gphifl Qrn aJDntu8, or turn Pot oblt9ua, btana tunottuu tereurn sutum 3ereur4 yp11ene Ama xubra Fome a1anatua Jornea ferrugtnoae orahaera aint P1eurotu a1g1ua Plurotia saiHue / PO1.8ttQtue htrøutu bChtIOT&,flU$ 9OIifl*4e ieit Arbutus ithjttsxna arbutt Sterouin btruturn Cornuo iia3].tt flacttnta oor;lea 00291u8 cal Ltornioa omoc iiou 6 e Gnornonta ooryit / Wllotthta gorylea teeim b1rut 8ereui p, QxateRua doulaett Po1sttotu3 veraiqo Duff o foret floor jUnata Olitocybe oobropurrcum man ttop Ganoderrna, oreoneiee elvlla, cripa, pboloma up. tart spu Lepioteh oly'peolarla 2turni1 app. troi,hsr1,a ambigua a. IQ1o1ma enarurn 2iPJ P1loet1qta p. Pol7t1.ctu y.rstoo. or Mineral otl Geat.o bJQEfle trtpua Letota nauotna Moist Threat floor Clavaria orttta tnus resthosa Corig turn vasw 24Z.1. ptheatj W1!3 rna;tn t Po.yettoia btrsutuA Paeuiotaug tatolt Da7eQyPha up. grnes appi n&tuo. onea ofttetnalia 'QZ*a LthtQQla anod G2* orRonense 7khO1Qn asctQu1FS, I3uttee po.T1&rt* tngUthQ Q)rorus caesttza Po1yporu £rgt1t crul 'attui Polyiorus o*aeuS izRauS shw,tn1tst1 'rolvatus Po1r8t1otue abtettnua Q7Dori ?oiyat tQtUL3 yeiB1OO1Qr 'ort eubac,td 8terewu, rxnea1e rute eteomorpa Tarniteu ptnt Tr,iute eubrose Querpus arryana Ami11rja rnaflea Cruthu1urn vu1rciri app1ariatu erngthosuB Hdnqi ertnjwouo I3Qmeu derormt ?1eurotua sp. Po.yporus tue Po1orus ptc pe Po1vioru jui1ueus, Poatt,tue VCra5CQ3.Or Sterquni veUenown Ltbçs nithern Laabnellnla, ap. ubie ,v1flor Dasoa b toolo; a1tç 3p. UnothtUa ea)4Q18 Tax brevteo]ta i'h9.1atiota s 48 Inaex o ?unt Amanto1)s1e va4nata Ari111arta eflca 22, 3 ' 3° C1avrt 03. tto3fa oohrturjtu'em Cortjetum agum 27 0,'ucIb.w vu1cre 39 Dsysoytha bio10 25 De87YJa PI Joinee ap1.natua 'ome! orripsua Pomea oiio1naUu (3artota) ioma tntoo1L oeea rone a3ter hy.r one tr,t c 22, 23, 21, 34 23, 34 0, 34 23 34 39 (.onnt-t apr71 1; He1v11a prispt nwu eri g e ua YPhO) OIna R IEx om !ou1are ,. foriit LahriuUu1a, sp. La9tLrtu8 sp. 2 5 1 7 entt e_ptai Lepi.ia ,aiyo1art. 2, 3]. ettoa pauotrç 21 000rmiwi )inutr1. 21, 26 41u 1tr1o11a ap. Pcniophur ejtnuinea /y11ae t tr.t. or;1 ThyflOBttcta ep. ?o1yiiorue ptta3at OE$6UC P1yporus )2.Oi,IeS Po,yporu8 sohwei.nttzil PoyrQue ru1tureue Poitu 28 22, 24 22, 82 22, 8 22, 3 Polyporus, rag1t& ty)3 27 32 / Po1(porus aaeEd 1yQru$ 22, 2 . 11vrotup a1.,id.s Pleurotus satdue ?urot 31 38 eor17un rop1aaera a1n / 22, 31 38 22, 35 36 22, 36 23, 36 23, 36 o1vats etinu8 'y&t1otus Mrsu tus PolysttotuB versicolor ?oa ob1iva 37 a 22, 8. 48 2rt tUbaQtaa hji8m rbu1t 38 26 urøt.tu 13u. 2 Bps 8 Ii a 26 liwa eoriure vStereurn hirrntum eçeurn rarioa1p 8tereum ep 52 3 2, 28 28 £8 ,ttrwii Telleneuw 28 8topbaria arnbi;u 2, 33 1ehoa spa Trametos hctQromQrpba rametea Dt4 Printos ycsoa ii I ljnqtnula sa1tcti trp,art ap. £9 38 22, 23, 22, 38 22, 53 22, 24 59 38

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