Notes 3
7. Conflicts over slavery and Compromises
Slavery in Louisiana Purchase?
Manifest Destiny---1840 to 1850
President James K. Polk—1845 to 1849
Oregon Territory---1846
Texas Statehood--1845
Mexican War---1846 to 1848
US acquired the Mexican Cession
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo—1848
Slavery in the Mexican Cession?
Compromise of 1850
Calif. Admitted as a free state
Create 2 new territories = Popular
Sovereignty
•South: Enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
•North: stop the slave trade in Washington,
D.C.
•Gadsden Purchase----1853
•Kansas-Nebraska Act----1854
•Stephen Douglas---build railroad in the North
•Organize Kansas and Nebraska Territory
and open it up to Popular Sovereignty
•Effects
•Abolitionists against it
•Ruined the Missouri Compromise
•led to violence----Bleeding Kansas---1856
•Republican Party---1856---political party
organized to stop the expansion of slavery
notes 4
8. Judicial Arguments
•Dred Scott—1857-----slave sued for his freedom
•Supreme Court Decision
•Constitution did not apply to slaves
•Legalized slavery in the U.S.
•All compromises were unconstitutional
9. John Brown’s Raid---1859
Harper’s Ferry
Reactions
North---martyr for the abolitionist cause
South---no other choice but secede
notes 5
12. Election of 1860
Lincoln wins election
South Carolina secedes from the U.S., Dec of 1860.
10 other Southern States would secede in 1861
formed the CSA---Confederate States of America
Why?
notes 6
Missouri Comp
Americans began
moving into Texas in
the 1820’s and
brought their slaves
with them.
War fought by Texans
against Mexico
because they believed
their rights had been
violated.
Won by Texans in
1836 and requests to
enter the U.S.
Texas War of Independence
Texas War of Independence
President Jackson
and Van Buren refused
to recognize Texas
statehood because of
slavery.
Texas became its own
country with Sam
Houston president,
1836 to 1845.
Mexico never
recognized the
independence of
Texas.
Texas entered as
a U.S. state in
1845.
Mexico vowed if
Texas became
part of the U.S.,
this would be an
act of war.
One cause of the
war with Mexico in
1846.
Texas War of Independence1
•James K. Polk, Democrat
• President from 1845 to 1849
•Responsible for the Manifest Destiny
•Expansionist
•Acquired the Oregon Territory from
Great Britain in 1846
•54’, 40’ or Fight
•49th Parallel
•Mexican War acquired Mexican Cession and completed
U.S. control of the continent from ocean to ocean
Picture/Polk
Oregon dispute
•Treaty with Great
Britain in 1846
•President Polk
campaign slogan was
54,40 or fight…
•Compromised with
British and divided the
Oregon Country at the
49th parallel
•American belief
that U.S. would
control the
continent from
the Atlantic to
the Pacific.
KEY EVENTS
•Texas statehood
•Oregon territory
•Mexican War
•Mexican Cession
Picture/M.Destin
y
KEY EVENTS
•Pioneers Trek
West
•California trail
•Oregon trail
•Mormon’s trail
•Gold discovered
•Gold Rush
Picture/M.Destin
y
Trails
Long Term Causes
•Manifest Destiny
•California
Immediate Causes
•Texas statehood, 1845
•Mexico refusing to sell California
•Border dispute
Effects
•US receives Mexican Cession
•Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to
Mexican
the CivilWar
War
Mexican War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
•Mexico ceded the Mexican
Cession to U.S.
•Rio Grande River boundary
between U.S. and Mexico
•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million
Map expansion
Most intense debate in U.S. History
•John C. Calhoun
•North should honor the Constitution
and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
•South wanted California
•threatened to secede from U.S.
•U.S. should have two Presidents--one from the North and one for the
South
•Daniel Webster
•Henry Clay
•The Great Compromiser, with
John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster
and Stephen Douglas, propose
this compromise.
•Secession is impractical &
impossible
•How would we split the land?
•The military?
•Compromise at all cost
•Preserve the Union
Comp of 1850
•U.S. Senator from the state of Illinois
•Solve the slavery issue was through Popular
Sovereignty
•let the people in each territory decide through the
process of voting whether they want slavery or not.
•Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John
C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850
•Calif. A free state
•enforce Fugitive Slave Law
•Popular Sovereignty
•stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.
Picture/S.Douglas
Popular Sovereignty Allow
the people in a territory to
vote on whether they want
slavery to exist or not in
their state.
Map Comp of 1850
ABOLITIONISTS
RESPOND
Denounced by
Abolitionists
Harriet Beecher
Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s
Cabin is published
Abolitionists refuse to
enforce the law
Underground Railroad
becomes more active
Map expansion
•Build a transcontinental
connecting California to the
East Coast either in the
South or North
•Stephen Douglas wanted
the railroad built in the North
but had to convince the
South otherwise.
•Proposed a plan that
Kansas and Nebraska
territories be opened up to
slavery in return for building
the railroad in the North.
•Popular Sovereignty
Kan. & Neb Act
Map Bleeding Kan
•Kansas/Nebraska Act
led to several acts of
violence between proslavery settlers and
anti-slavery settlers.
•First violent outbreaks
between north/south.
(Led by John Brown)
Attacks by free-states
Attacks by pro-slavery states
•First battles of the Civil
War begin in Kansas in
1856.
•Over 200 killed
After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a
battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle in Kansas. The
territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation
and led to the formation of the Republican Party. The first shots of the Civil War were in
Bleeding Kansas.
Bleeding Kan
Free Soil Party
against the
expansion of
slavery
Democrats
opposed the
expansion of
slavery
Formed to stop
the expansion of
slavery
REPUBLICAN PARTY
National Republican
which become the Whigs.
Chart/Rep. Party
Abolitionists
Know Nothing Party
against immigration
Popular Sovereignty Allow
the people in a territory to
vote on whether they want
slavery to exist or not in
their state.
Map Kan/Neb Act
•Slave from Missouri traveled with
his owner to Illinois & Minnesota
both free states.
•His master died and Scott wanted
to move back to Missouri---Missouri
still recognized him as a slave.
•Court case went to the Supreme
Court for a decision-----National
issue
•Can a slave sue for his freedom?
•Is a slave property?
•Is slavery legal?
Picture/Dred Scott
•Supreme Court hands
down the Dred Scott
decision
•North refused to enforce
Fugitive Slave Law
•Free states pass personal
liberty laws.
•Republicans claim the
decision is not binding
•Southerners call on the
North to accept the decision
if the South is to remain in
the Union.
Chart/Effect of Scott
•Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for
their freedom because they are
property.
•They are not citizens and have
no legal right under the
Constitution.
•Supreme Court legalized slavery
by saying that
•Congress could not stop a
slaveowner from moving his
slaves to a new territory
•Missouri Compromise and all
other compromises were
unconstitutional
•Violent abolitionist
•Involved in the
Bleeding Kansas
•Murdered 5 pro-slavery
men in Kansas
•Wanted to lead a slave
revolt throughout the
South by raising an army
of freed slaves and
destroying the South.
•Attacked a U.S.
Ammunition
depot in
Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia in Oct.
of 1859 to
capture
weapons and
begin his slave
revolt.
•He was found guilty of treason and
sentenced to death.
•His last words were to this effect: “I
believe that the issue of slavery will
never be solved unless through the
shedding of blood.”
•Northerners thought of John Brown
as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.
•Southerners were terrified that if
John Brown almost got away with
this, there must be others like him in
the North who are willing to die to
end slavery.
•South’s outcome: To leave the U.S.
and start their own country.
Picture/J.Brown Hanging
•Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S.
Senate in Illinois.
•The debates were followed by the country because
both candidates were interested in running for the
Presidency in 1860.
•Slavery was the issue
•Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself
cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.
•was against the expansion of slavery
•Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by
the people.
•Popular sovereignty
Chart/L&D Debates
Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Popular Sovereignty
could work against the expansion of slavery…..
Southerners would not support Douglas for the presidency
in 1860
Country is polarized
(divided) over the
issue of slavery.
Once Lincoln is
elected as president,
South Carolina will
secede from the U.S.
along with several
other Southern
States.
•303 total
electoral votes
and 152 to win.
They will form the
Confederate States of
America---CSA
Election of 1860
Secession