UNIVERSAL /
STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
2015
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
Two MOST important steps in pathogen control/infection
control:
#1
HAND WASHING
AND
#2
GLOVES
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
#1 = HAND WASHING
SCRUB
• AT LEAST 30 SECONDS
• SING, COUNT, DANCE, WHATEVER WORKS!
• THE FRICTION IS WHAT IS MOST IMPORTANT
RINSE WELL
• MAKE SURE HANDS FACE DOWN
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
#2 = GLOVES
Good to have gloves in multiple
places
You are required to have gloves in
all first aid kits….and your emergency
supplies
Know if your individual has a latex
allergy
*
* Because Blood-borne pathogens (HIV, Hepatitis A,
Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C) aren’t the only things that
can make people sick!
* What about flu, TB, colds, infections, other viruses,
staph, STDs, etc?
* That is why we have to consider ALL body fluids as
potentially infectious – OURS and OTHER PEOPLES
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
Potentially Infectious Materials
Body Fluids
 Blood
 Vomit
 Urine
 Feces
 Vaginal Secretions
 Semen
 Sputum (MUCOUS, SPIT, SALIVA)
 Nasal Drainage
 Tears
 Wound Drainage
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
DISCARDING
 OSHA BAGS – RED BIO HAZARD BAGS
ARE NOT NEEDED
DOUBLE BAG
EXEMPT FROM COMMERCIAL DISPOSAL
WHAT ABOUT SHARPS?
LAUNDRY DETERGENT BOTTLES
DO NOT RECAP NEEDLES AFTER USE
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
CLEANING SOLUTION
BLEACH AND WATER
1:10 = 1 part bleach : 10 part water
• Make sure you have a spray bottle
• Only mix up what you need
• REPLACE EVERY 24 HOURS
• LOCK UP BOTH YOUR BLEACH & THIS SOLUTION
• This is the same solution you will use on ALL your
food prep surfaces
*Tuberculosis (TB)
* It is a BACTERIA
* AFFECTS and damages
our LUNGS and other
body parts
* TENDS to HAPPEN in
OUTBREAKS
* Why????
* Often spread through
daily contact
* It is an AIRBORNE
bacteria
* When you have been
affected, you Cough or
sneeze
* Droplets of sputum or
mucus in air are
breathed in by others
* Enters our body through
our MOUTH and NOSE
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
Tuberculosis (TB) – Symptoms
Bad cough – lasts longer than 2 weeks
Coughing up blood or sputum
Weakness or fatigue
Weight loss
No appetite
Chills
Fever
Sweating at nite
UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
Tuberculosis (TB) - Latent
 Caused when people breathe in
TB bacteria
 Body IS ABLE to fight
 TB becomes inactive
 Usually feel "good”
*
* Best ways to protect from flu:
* Annual vaccinations
* Hand-washing
* Cleaning with bleach solution
* Don’t forget telephones, door handles, faucet
knobs/handles, refrigerator door handles, etc.
* Covering nose and/or mouth when sneeze or
cough (into tissue is best, but into elbow or
upper arm in a pinch)
* Avoid direct contact (ex. Shaking hands) with
people who are coughing or sneezing or have
been sick to their stomach)
*
* Children younger than 5, but especially children younger than 2 years old
* Adults 65 years of age and older
* Pregnant women
* Also, American Indians and Alaskan Natives [1.1 MB, 2 pages] seem to be at
higher risk of flu complications
* People who have medical conditions including:
* Asthma
*Neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions
[including disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral
nerve, and muscle such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy
(seizure disorders), stroke, intellectual disability
(mental retardation), moderate to severe
developmental delay, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord
injury].
(Hint: The people we SUPPORT)
Individuals at high risk for flu-related complications
continued…
• Chronic lung disease (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
[COPD] and cystic fibrosis)
• Heart disease (such as congenital heart disease, congestive heart
failure and coronary artery disease)
• Blood disorders (such as sickle cell disease)
• Endocrine disorders (such as diabetes mellitus)
• Kidney disorders
• Liver disorders
• Metabolic disorders (such as inherited metabolic disorders and
mitochondrial disorders)
• Weakened immune system due to disease or medication (such as
people with HIV or AIDS, or cancer, or those on chronic steroids)
• People younger than 19 years of age who are receiving long-term
aspirin therapy
• People who are morbidly obese (Body Mass Index, or BMI, of 40 or
greater)
*
fever*
cough
sore throat
runny or stuffy nose
body aches
headache
chills
fatigue
sometimes diarrhea and vomiting
* *It's important to note that not everyone with flu
will have a fever.
*
* Most people with the flu have mild illness and
do not need medical care or antiviral drugs. If
you get sick with flu symptoms, in most cases,
you should stay home and avoid contact with
other people except to get medical care.
* If, however, you have symptoms of flu and
are in a high risk group, are very sick or
worried about your illness, contact your
health care provider (doctor, physician’s
assistant, etc.).
* Certain people are at greater risk of serious flu-
related complications (including young children,
elderly persons, pregnant women and people with
certain long-term medical conditions) and this is
true both for seasonal flu and novel flu virus
infections. (For a full list of people at higher risk of
flu-related complications, see People at High Risk
of Developing Flu–Related Complications).
* If you are in a high risk group and develop flu
symptoms, it’s best for you to contact your
doctor. Remind them about your high risk status
for flu.
* Health care providers will determine whether
influenza testing and possible treatment are
needed. Your doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs
that can treat the flu. These drugs work better for
treatment the sooner they are started.
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
Sudden dizziness
Confusion
Severe or persistent vomiting
Flu-like symptoms that improve but then
return with fever and worse cough
GO TO THE ER
* Stay at home and rest.
* Avoid close contact with well people in your house so you
won’t make them sick.
* Drink plenty of water and other clear liquids to prevent fluid
loss (dehydration).
* Treat fever and cough with medicines you can buy at the
store. Make sure you have an order for an individual
receiving services
* If you get very sick, are pregnant, or have a medical
condition that puts you at high risk of flu-related
complications (like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), call
your doctor. You might need antiviral drugs to treat flu.
The CDC (Center for Disease Control)
recommends that people stay home
for at least 24 hours after their
fever is gone except to get medical
care or other necessities. The fever
should be gone without the use of a
fever-reducing medicine.