Three Organization Perspectives
On Institutional Change:
Institutional, Whole-of-Government
& Military
Dalhousie-CJSOE Maritime Security Conference
‘Setting the Scene’ Presentation
5 June 2012
ken.hansen@dal.ca, 902-494-6444
Halifax MARINE RESEARCH Institute
CFPS Research Workshop
“Western Hemisphere
Perspectives and
Approaches to Future
Maritime Security
Challenges”
Conducted: 27-29 October 2011
P.22: “The greatest impediments
to information sharing … are
neither technical nor
procedural. They are
institutional and cultural.”
P.81: “A good understanding of
the organizational culture of and
between partners in a maritime
security endeavor goes a long
way to keeping a coalition of
interest strong. Organizational
culture is a persistent attribute
and has many dimensions.”
Past, Present, and Future?
Today
Future
Past
(Known)
Change
Analogy
(Unknown)
Activity
Anxiety
Future ‘Horizons’
?
1997
Global
Trends
2010
2000
2004
2008
2009
Global Mapping Global Future
Trends The Trends Security
2015 Future 2025 Enviro.
2020
2030
US-Can. Future Security Assessments
of Trends and Constants
Status Quo
?
?
?
?
Strategy Begins with Awareness – Similarities & Differences
Language
Free Societies
Allied
Economies
Democracies
Borders
Arts
Sports
Families
Republic
Currency
History
Policies
Strategy Driven
9/11
United States
Landmass = 1: 1.01
Coastline = 1: 10.29
Monarchy
Currency
History
Policies
Management Driven
Canada
Canada
Canada
Pop., Economy, Capacity = 10: 1
(Some) Complex Agents of Change
Politics
Military
Legal
Technology
Culture
(Domestic)
EnvironmentCulture
(Foreign)
Economy
Theory
Religion
“Mission Command” – 11 August 2011
P.3: “The pace of change
and speed of operations
will continue to
accelerate.”
P.4: “Our leaders must be
able to see, understand
and rapidly exploit
opportunities.”
General Martin E. Dempsey, USA
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
P.5: “Joint and service
doctrine, education and
training are keys to
achieving the habit of
mission command.”
Spectrum of Change: So Many Choices!
Organizational
OrganizationChoices
Future
Past
(Known)
Scale Radical
Of
Change
Reversion
To
Tradition
(Unknown)
Moderate
Emergence
Status Quo
Maintenance
Moderate
Emergence
Radical Scale
Of
Change
Progression
To
Transformation
Why is Learning and Sharing Information So Important?
“The first reason is that, in
our globalized world, the wellbeing of nations is
increasingly being defined by
the ability to develop and
advance knowledge. In other
words, knowledge – as
opposed to military might or
GDP – is gaining momentum
as the new currency and
passport to success.”
His Excellency,
The Right Honourable David Johnston,
Governor General
and Commander-in-Chief of Canada
Source: “The Diplomacy of Knowledge,”
The Globe & Mail, 17 February 2012.
Resistance to Change
“Deep Structures:
“[C]hange is actively prevented … by the set of
fundamental ‘choices’ the institution will [consider]
taking about:
(1) how its units will be organized … and
(2) the basic activity patterns that will maintain its
existence.”
Source: Connie Gersick, “Revolutionary Change Theories: A Multilevel
Explorations of the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory,” in Burke, et al., Organization
Change: A Comprehensive Reader, (Jossey-Bass, 2009), pp. 144-149.
Spectrum of Change: Which Risk Matters?
Organizational
OrganizationChoices
‘Emotional’
Leadership
Past
(Known)
‘Visionary’
Leadership
Future
(Unknown)
RISK?
Scale Radical
Of
Change
Reversion
To
Tradition
RISK?
Moderate
Status Quo
Emergence
Reform
Revolutionary
Periods
Instability
Maintenance
RISK?
Moderate
Emergence
“Deep Structures’’
Conform
Equilibrium
Periods
Radical Scale
Of
Change
Progression
To
Transformation
New Form
Evolutionary
Periods
Instability
The Three Functional Roles of ‘Maritime Security Forces’
Use of
the Sea
Military Role
Lead
Alliance, Joint and Service Doctrines
Ken Booth’s Triangle - Navies and Foreign Policies, 1977, 15-16.
The Three Roles of ‘Maritime Security Forces’
Ken Booth’s Triangle – Adapted for the ‘New Security Environment’.
Reputation
Response
Respect
Compassion
Military Role
Security
Source: Hansen, “A New Naval Doctrine for the New Security Era,” forthcoming.
National/Suprant’l
Institutional
An Interoperability Governance & Terminology Framework?
Culture
Institution
Dept
Cmtte
Dept
Tactical
Panel
Manager
?
Conflict Coexist Coordinate
?
Cooperate
?
Collaborate
Degree of Interoperability
Conglomerate
Three ‘Keys’ to MSCA
• Key to efficient security assessment is
awareness.
• Key to accurate analysis is understanding
and application of concepts.
• Key to effectiveness is accuracy and
timeliness of data.
The required perspective for these three ‘keys’ will
probably NOT come from your own professional
frame of reference.
Recommended Reference
Integrated Maritime Enforcement: A Handbook (PDF)
Francois N. Bailet, Fred W. Crickard, and Glen J. Herbert
Dalhousie University: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies,
2000
• Principles of Integrated Maritime Enforcement
• A Prescriptive Analysis of Integrated Maritime Enforcement
Source: http://centreforforeignpolicystudies.dal.ca/pubs.php#notavailable