Team Beginnings
Chapter 3
3-1
Stages of Teamwork

Group Development Perspective
3-2
Stages of Teamwork

Project Development Perspective
 Based
on characteristics of projects
 McGrath
(1990)
Inception
 Problem solving
 Conflict resolution
 Execution

 New
product teams (Ancona & Caldwell,1990)
Creation
 Development
 Diffusion

3-3
Stages of Teamwork

Cyclical Perspective
 Marks,
Mathieu, and Zacarro (2001)
Temporal cycles
 Action, interpersonal, and transition cycles

 Gersick

(1988)
Punctuated Equilibrium
3-4
Stages of Teamwork

Implications of Team Development Stages
 Stage
theories do not always apply
 Emotional
highs/lows are normal
 Developing
 Times
the group is important
of lower task performance are normal
3-5
Group Socialization

Process by which a person becomes a
member of the group

Evaluation and commitment from both sides

Stages:
 Investigation
 Socialization
 Maintenance
3-6
Group Socialization

Teams constantly changing
 Flash
teams
Positive and negative effects of turnover in
teams
 Focus on team roles rather than team
members

3-6
Team Goals

Value and Characteristics of Goals
 Value:


Direction
Motivation
 Good





goals are:
Clear
Specific
Measurable
Moderately difficult
Involve team participation
3-7
Team Goals
3-8
Team Goals

Hidden Agendas
 Types:
Motivational
 Directional

 Result
is damaged trust
 Better
dealt with indirectly
Focus on group goals
 Correct communication problems

3-9
Group Norms

Ground rules that define appropriate and
inappropriate behavior in a group
 Implicit
 Explicit

Functions
 Express
central values
 Help coordinate activities
 Define appropriate behavior
 Create distinctive identity
3-10
Group Norms

How Norms are Formed
 Usually
unconscious and gradual over time
 Based on:


Past groups, outside standards, early group behavior
Impact of Group Norms
 Fairer
communication
 Maintain respect
 Distribute power
 Enforce conformity

Hawthorne studies
3-11
Application: Jump-Starting Project
Teams

Team Warm-Ups
 Develop

Project Definitions and Planning
 Help

social relations
form mental model and effective behavior
Team Contract
 Plans
for how the team will manage its teamwork
activities
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
Activity Continued
3-16