OSI
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Datalink
Physical
Http,FTP,SMTP,POP3
Jpeg,Mpeg,Gif
AppleTalk, Winsock
Tcp,Udp,Spx
Ip, Icmp,Ipx
Ethernet,ATM
Ethernet, TokenRing
IPv4
Class
A
B
C
D
E
Range
1-127
128-191
192-223
224-239
240-255
Router
Switch, Bridge
Hub, Repeater
Subnet Mask
255.0.0.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
Multicast
Experimental
IPv4 Private Ranges
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.32.0.0
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
IPv4 APIPA
169.254.0.1 -169.254.255.254
IPv4 Loopback
127.0.0.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
IPv6
16+16+16+16+16+16+16+16=128 Bits
IPv6 Address 128 Bits
16
16
16
Network ID
Subnet
Mask
16
16
16
16
Host ID
16
Global Unicast Address (Public) ex. start with a 2 or 3 Routable
Unique (Site)-Local Unicast Address (Private) ex.fec0 Private Routable within Intranet NOT Internet
Link-Local Address (APIPA) ex. Start with fe80 Non-Routable
LoopBack ::1
IPv6 Address Syntax
The IPv6 128-bit address is divided at 16-bit boundaries, and each 16-bit block is converted
to a 4-digit hexadecimal number. Colons are used as separators. This representation is called
colon-hexadecimal.
Global unicast IPv6 addresses are equivalent to IPv4 public unicast addresses. To illustrate
IPv6 address syntax, consider the following IPv6 global unicast address:
21cd:0053:0000:0000:03ad:003f:af37:8d62
IPv6 representation can be simplified by removing the leading zeros within each 16-bit
block. However, each block must have at least a single digit. With leading-zero suppression,
the address representation becomes:
21cd:53:0:0:3ad:3f:af37:8d62
A contiguous sequence of 16-bit blocks set to 0 in the colon-hexadecimal format can be
compressed to ::. Thus, the previous example address could be written:
21cd:53::3ad:3f:af37:8d62
Note Ipv6 abbreviation
You cannot use :: twice in the same address.
Some types of addresses contain long sequences of zeros and thus provide good examples
of when to use this notation. For example, the multicast address
ff05:0:0:0:0:0:0:2
can be compressed to
ff05::2
Note IPv6 does not us e dotted decimal notation in subnet masks
Only prefix length notation is supported in IPv6. IPv4 dotted decimal subnet mask
representation (such as 255.255.255.0) has no direct equivalent.