Weekly Warm Up
 T or F: Solubility of solids are affected by
pressure.
 The solubility of a gas is affected by
temperature AND ________.
pressure
___________
lower the temperature of the solvent, the
 The _____
higher the solubility of the gas.
______
 Give an Example.
Cola going flat when hot.
Chapter 22: Acids, Bases & Salts
Part 1: Acids & Bases
They are everywhere..
In your food
In your house
EVEN IN YOU!!!!!
http://www.helpteaching.com/questions/Acids_and_Bases
What is an Acid?
 It comes from the Latin word acidus that means
sharp or “____".
sour
“_____"
 An acid is a solution that has an excess of
+)
hydrogen ions. (H
________
___
HCl  H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
 The higher
_____ the [H+], the _____
more acidic the
solution.
Properties of an Acid
sour
Tastes ____
electricity
Conduct ________
Corrosive which means they break
________,
down certain substances. Many acids
can damage
______ fabric, skin, and paper
strongly with
 Some acids react _______
metals
red
 Turns blue litmus paper ____.



Types & Uses of Acids
 Acetic Acid = Vinegar
 Citric Acid = Citrus: lemons, limes,
& oranges. Candies: lemonhead &
sour patch.
 Hydrochloric Acid = gastric juices
 Ascorbic Acid = Vitamin C which
your body needs to function.
 Sulfuric Acid = used in the
production of fertilizers, steel,
paints, plastics, & car batteries.
 Nitric Acid = fertilizers & explosives
(TNT)
 Carbonic Acid = carbonated drinks,
cave formation, and acid rain
What is a Base?
 A base is a solution that has an excess of
-)
hydroxide ions. (OH
_________
____
NaOH in H2O  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
alkali
 Another word for base is ______.
ionic compounds.
 Many bases are _____
 Bases are any substances that can _______
accept
hydrogen ions (H+) from acids even if it
doesn’t have OH.
neutralize acids.
 Therefore, bases are able to __________
Properties of a Base
soapy _______
slippery
Feel _____,
chalky
Taste _____,
bitter ______
Corrosive
________
electricity
Can conduct ________.
Alkaline batteries.)
(Ex: _______
metals
 Do not react with ______.
 Turns red litmus paper
blue
_____.




Uses of Bases
• NaOH-sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain
cleaner, bleach, paper
• Mg (OH)2-magnesium hydroxide - antacids
• Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide - antacids,
deodorants, water purification
• NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide - “ammonia”,
household cleaner*
• Bases givesoaps
______,ammonia
________, and many
other cleaning products some of their useful
properties.
• Your blood
_____ is a slightly basic solution.
NOTE: NEVER mix Ammonia with Sodium hydroxide
lung tissue
(bleach). The toxic gas produced damages _____
lethal
and can be ______.
What is pH?
hydrogen where "p" is
• pH is an abbreviation for "power of __________"
short for the German word for power, potenz and H is the
element symbol for hydrogen.
acidicor ______a
basic solution is
• It is used to measure how _____
litmus
______ paper is used as the pH indicator.
(0) to ___.
14
• It is a logarithmic scale that runs from zero
_______
10 times stronger or weaker than
• pH scale…each step is ____
the one next to it!
neutral
• A solution with a pH of 7 is _______.
• For example, a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 4
and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than a pH value of 5.
pH Scale
neutral
water has a pH of 7. Therefore it is _______.
• Pure
____ _____
Acidic solutions = pH _____
less than 7.
• ______
o Hydrochloric acid is very acidic.
Basic solutions = pH _______
greater than 7.
• _____
o Drain cleaner is very basic.
Compare & Contrast Activity
Weekly Warm Up
• B represents a(n) ______
basic solution.
• The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that runs from
14
___
0 to ___.
• A solution with a pH of 2 is 1000
____ times more acidic
______
than a solution with a pH of 5.
Unit Vocabulary
 Any process by which electrically neutral atoms or
molecules are converted to electrically charged
atoms or molecules (aka. ions) is called ionization
________.
 Ions capable of conducting an electric current are
electrolytes
referred to as __________.
 A process in which an ionic compound separates
into its positive and negative ions in a solution is
dissociation
describes __________.
Neutralization is a reaction between acid and base
 ___________
salt and _____.
water
forming a type of ____
o NaOH + HCl  NaCl
+ HOH
Neutralization
Forming Solutions
Acidic Solution: When an acid interacts with water the H+ ions
form hydronium
_________ ions (H3O+).
ionization
o This is an example of __________.
stronger the acid.
more hydronium ions the ________
o The _____
Forming Solutions
Basic Solution:
• NaOH in water  Na+ + OHo (more hydroxide ions, more basic)
• NH3 + H20  NH4+ + OHo ammonia gas + water yields ammonium and hydroxide ions
What is a Buffer?
 A buffer is an
aqueous solution
that has a highly
stable pH . If you
add acid or base to
a buffered solution,
its pH will not
change significantly.
Weekly Warm Up
Label as either true (T) or false (F):
_____
Acids will not conduct electricity.
F 1.
_____
2.
Bases will conduct electricity. Both conduct electricity.
T
F 3.
_____
Acids taste bitter. Sour
T
_____
4.
Bases will turn red litmus paper blue.
_____
T 5.
Acids react with some metals to produce hydrogen gas.
_____
Acids will turn phenolphthalein (PHTH) indicator pink.
F 6.
T 7.
_____
An indicator is a substance which changes colors in
acids and bases.
F 8.
_____
Acids have a pH greater that 7.
_____
Bases feel slippery.
T 9.
T 10.
_____
The pH of pure water is 7.