Write down what you know about the
blood.
 Write down what you know is NOT true
about the blood.

Blood minus its cells
 Composition

› Water containing many dissolved substances
(foods, salts, hormones)
Amount of blood = 4-6 L (7%-9% of body
weight)
 Slightly alkaline

Blood sample spun down using centrifuge
RBCs (erythrocytes)
 WBCs (leukocytes)
 Platelets (Thrombocytes)
 Formed in bone marrow from myeloid
tissue

Artery showing size relation of formed elements in the blood (red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets
Cell maturation chart
Electron scanning microscope images of formed elements in blood in relation to
each other
Red blood cells (RBCs)
 4.5-5 million per mm3 of blood
 Disc shaped
 Structure:

› Without nuclei

Function:
› Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Image showing red blood cells in relation to other cells
White blood cells (WBCs)
 5,000-10,000 per mm3 of blood
 Structure:

› Granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
› Non-granular: lymphocytes and monocytes

Function:
› defense
Microscope, stained image of red blood cells and white blood cells. This is a normal
blood sample.
This is a after colored image from an electron scanning microscope showing the
white blood cell in relation to the red blood cell
Also called platelets
 300,000 per mm3 of blood
 Play an essential role in blood clotting

Stained, microscopic image of a blood sample showing platelets and red blood
cells
Electron scanning microscope showing a red blood cells surrounded by platelets

ABO system
› Type A – type A antigens in RBCs; anti-B type
antibodies in blood
› Type B – type B antigens in RBCs; anti-A type
antibodies in blood
› Type AB – type A and type B antigens in
RBCs; no anti-A and no anti-B antibodies in
blood
› Type O – no type A and no type B antigens
in RBCs; anti-A and anti-B antibodies in blood
Chart showing characteristics in blood, plasma and what the coordinating blood
type would be
Chart showing the percentages of blood type availability
Rh-positive blood – Rh factor antigen
present in RBCs
 Rh-negative blood – no Rh factor
antigen present in RBCs; no anti-Rh
antibodies present unless exposed

Rh factor showing blood surface antigens and antibodies
Myel/o – bone marrow
 Plasm/o – plasma
 Splen/o – spleen
 Thromb/o - clot

Anemia – reduction in the amount of
hemaglobin in the red blood cells
 Embolus – blood clot or foreign material
 Hemophilia – inherited blood disease
most commonly caused by a deficiency
of coagulation factor VIII
 Leukemia – malignant disease
characterized by excessive increase in
abnormal white blood cells formed in
bone marrow

Bone marrow aspiration – a syringe used
to aspirate bone marrow from ilium
 Bone marrow biopsy – a needle
puncture to obtain bone marrow sample
 Bone marrow transplant – infusion of
normal bone marrow cells from a donor
for patient with leukemia

Coagulation time – blood test to
determine time it takes for blood to form
a clot
 Complete blood count – basic blood
screening
 Differential count – explains the number
of different kinds of cells
 Hematocrit – blood test to measure
volume and number of red blood cells

Hemoglobin – blood test to determine
the concentration of oxygen carrying
components (hemoglobin) in red blood
cells
 Prothrombin time – used to determine
certain coagulation activity defects and
to monitor anticoagulation therapy

Hyperlipidemia – excessive amounts of
fats in the blood
 Anticoagulant – agent that shows the
clotting process
 Hemorrhage – rapid loss of blood


Disease/disorders
› Hematoma

Complementary
terms
› Multiple myeloma
› Hematologist
› Pancytopenia
› Hematology
› Thrombosis
› Hematopoiesis
› Thrombus
› Hemolysis
› splenomegaly
› Hemostasis
› Myelopoiesis
› Plasmapherisis
› Thrombolysis