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Texas History
Spring semester examination review
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• secede
• To withdraw from
something, such as a
nation
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• Abraham Lincoln
• The president of the
United States during the
Civil War
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• Eli Whitney
• Invented the cotton gin
in 1793
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• abolitionist
• A person who wanted
to end slavery
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• slavery
• The idea that one
person can own
another person
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• States’ rights
• The idea that states
have the right to limit
the power of the
federal government
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• blockade
• The closing of a port by
positioning ships to
keep people or supplies
from moving in or out
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• reconstruction
• The federal
government’s plan to
restore the South to the
Union after the Civil
War
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• sharecropper
• A farm worker who
works someone else’s
land and pays for its use
by giving the landowner
a share of the crops
grown
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• amendment
• Formal change to a
document
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• Freedmen’s Bureau
• Protected newly freed
slaves from violence
and black codes
• Provided food,
healthcare, jobs, and
schools
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• Black Codes
• Severely limited the
rights of African
Americans
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What is significant
about the Constitution
of 1876?
• It is still the constitution
Texas uses today.
• It limited the power of
the governor
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What did the cotton gin • Made it easier to
do? How did the cotton
separate the seeds from
gin increase the number
the bolls
of slaves in the south?
• Made cotton farming
more profitable
allowing plantation
owners to plant more
cotton creating a
“need” for more slaves
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What was the economy
of Texas like during
Reconstruction?
• It was growing
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What was the Kansas
Nebraska Act?
• Gave people of Kansas
and Nebraska the right
to decide if their states
would allow slavery
(went against the
Missouri Compromise
of 1820)
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What were the 4 causes
of the Civil War?
•
•
•
•
sectionalism
States’ rights
slavery
Tariffs (taxes)
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What were some of the • South ~ fewer soldiers
disadvantages the south
~ fewer weapons
had during the war and
~ b“locked” in
what were some of the
advantages of the North
• North ~ more soldiers
during the war?
~ trained soldiers
~ more supplies
~ manufacturing
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What happened to
Abraham Lincoln in
1865?
• John Wilkes Booth
assassinated (killed)
him.
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• What did Texas have to
do to rejoin the Union
after the war?
• Set up temporary
governments
• End slavery
• Declare secession illegal
• Adult white males had
to take an oath of
loyalty to the U.S.
Chapter 12: The Civil War and
Reconstruction 1861-1876
• How were African
Americans’ rights
limited and protected
during Reconstruction?
• Black Codes limited
• Freedmen’s Bureau
helped to protect
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• treaty
• A formal agreement
between two nations
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• quarantine
• To isolate or separate to
prevent the spread of
disease
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• vaqueros
• Spanish cowboys
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• Joseph Glidden
• Invented barbed wire
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• Buffalo Soldiers
• African American
soldiers who helped
fight against the Native
Americans
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• Why did ranchers brand
cattle?
• To show ownership
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• What ended cattle
drives?
•
•
•
•
Railroad
Fencing
Goat ranching
Other states refused to
allow Texas cattle in
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• How did the Civil War
change the cattle
industry in Texas?
• Union soldiers went
home asking for beef
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• What were two
methods that the U.S.
government used to
force Native Americans
onto the reservations?
• promise to feed and
supply the Indians on
the reservations
• Killing the buffalo
Chapter 13:
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
• Why did the defense
along the frontier
weaken during the Civil
War?
• Soldiers went to fight
during the war
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• irrigation
• An artificial way to
supply water to land
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• Commercial agriculture
• The growing of crops for
sale in order to make a
profit
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• Cottonseed oil
• Oil from cottonseeds
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• Tenant farmer
• Person who rents a plot
of land from its owner
and pays for its use with
a share of the crop
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• Open range
• Vast area of
undeveloped public
land held by the state
government for future
sale
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• Cycle of debt
• Overproduction led to
low prices
=
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• What was the Big Die
Up? What affect did it
have on ranching?
• Thousands of cattle
died at the fence line
trying to escape harsh
weather
• Marked beginning of
modern ranching
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• How did the railroads
affect farming and
ranching in Texas?
• Faster to ship out of
state
• Easier to reach markets
in the east
• Easier to move into
west Texas
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• What factors made it
hard for tenant
farmers?
•
•
•
•
Overproduction
Low prices
Cycle of debt
Couldn’t pay loans
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• What is the main cash
crop in Texas?
• What is the 2nd highest
cash crop in Texas?
Chapter 14:
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
• Explain the fence
cutting wars.
• Fences cut off public
roads and water
supplies
• smaller farmers and
• What did the Texas
ranchers became angry
legislation do to end the
and cut through the
Fence Cutting
fences to access these
Wars?
roads and water
supplies
• Now a felony to cut a
person’s fence