JEOPARDY! REVIEW
Unit 2 – Broadening Horizons
Overview of
AoEn
Main Concerns
of Philosophes
Religious
Philosophies
Philosophes
and
Philosophies
Philosophical
Scenarios
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – 10
Time: 15 seconds
• From which
country did most
AoEn philosophers
originate?
• Which letter on
the map
represents this
country?
• What is the
French word for
“thinker”?
A
D
C
B
E
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – (RES) 10
• Most
philosophers
originated from
France.
• C represents
France.
• The French
word for
“thinker” is
philosophe.
A
D
C
B
E
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – 20
• Time: 30 seconds
• How did philosophes spread their ideas during
the AoEn?
• What did philosophes attempt to do their
societies during the AoEn?
• What is humanism?
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – (RES) 20
• Philosophes spread their ideas during the
AoEn through debates.
• Philosophes attempted to reform their
societies during the AoEn.
• Humanism is the idea that humans are
capable of thinking for themselves.
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – 30
• Time: 30 seconds
• Explain how two time periods each influenced
the AoEn.
• What is validity?
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – (RES) 30
• Time periods that influenced the AoEn:
– Renaissance: people questioned the validity of
information.
– Age of Absolutism: people questioned how to
improve their government and their personal lives.
– Scientific Revolution: people continued to question
the world around them; people continued to
experiment with the world around them
• Validity is truthfulness.
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – 40
• Time: 30 seconds
•
•
•
•
Define skeptical.
Define to impose.
To what time period will the AoEn lead?
How does the AoEn lead to that time period?
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – (RES) 40
•
•
•
•
Skeptical: doubtful; questioning
To impose: to force
The AoEn will lead to the Age of Revolutions.
The AoEn leads to the Age of Revolutions
because the ideas that came from the AoEn
influenced people to revolt against their
government.
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – 50
• Time: 30 seconds
• During the Age of Revolutions, which
European country will revolt using the ideas of
the AoEn?
• During the Age of Revolutions, which New
World colonies will revolt using the ideas of
the AoEn? (Name all three)
OVERVIEW OF AOEN – (RES) 50
• During the Age of Revolutions, France revolts
by using the ideas of the AoEn.
• During the Age of Revolutions, New World
colonies that revolted by using the ideas of
the AoEn were the 13 Colonies, Haiti, and
Latin America.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – 10
• Time: 30 seconds
• Name the six concerns of the philosophes.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – (RES) 10
• The six main concerns of philosophes were:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reason
Happiness
Tolerance
Liberty
Natural laws
Progress
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – 20
• Time: 30 seconds
• Explain 3 main concerns of the philosophes in
your own words.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – (RES) 20
1.
Reason: You cannot make assumptions about a problem that you are
trying to solve.
2.
Happiness: This is an inalienable right; people shouldn’t accept misery
in their present lives because they expect a nice afterlife.
3.
Tolerance: Full religious tolerance; religion causes superstition and
intolerance.
4.
Liberty: Any limitations on human rights should be removed, including
intellectual freedom.
5.
Natural laws: There are natural laws that control the universe and
human society.
6.
Progress: You should continuously try to improve your society for the
better.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – 30
• Time: 30 seconds
• Identify the major concern for the following
statements and explain how you know:
1. You must not accept misery in your life now just
because you expect to get into Heaven.
2. If you want to get rid of the problem of poverty, you
cannot judge a person living in poverty.
3. If we can discover gravity, we can also new discover
ways to change society.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – (RES) 30
1.
You must not accept misery in your life now just because you
expect to get into Heaven.
–
2.
If you want to get rid of the problem of poverty, you cannot judge
a person living in poverty.
–
3.
Happiness; people shouldn’t accept misery in their present lives
because they expect a nice afterlife.
Reason; You cannot make assumptions about problems you are
trying to solve.
If we can discover gravity, we can also new discover ways to
change society.
–
Natural laws; Human beings are capable of finding out laws to
change society in the same way they can discover natural laws.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – 40
• Time: 20 seconds
• Identify the major concern for the following
statements and explain how you know:
1. There are always ways to improve the society in
which we live.
2. Everyone should be allowed to pick their own
religion, without fear of judgment for their choice.
3. No one should be allowed to tell you what to think
or say.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – (RES) 40
1. There are always ways to improve the society in which we
live.
–
Progress; you should continuously try to improve your society
2. Everyone should be allowed to pick their own religion,
without fear of judgment for their choice.
–
Tolerance; full religious tolerance for everyone.
3. No one should be allowed to tell you what to think or say.
–
Liberty; any limitations on human rights should be removed.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – 50
•
Time: 45 seconds
•
Pick the correct answer and explain
why the other responses are wrong.
1. The best example of Reason is:
a.
Finding ways to solve hunger by
blaming the hungry for not getting
jobs to feed their families.
b. Finding ways to solve cocaine
addiction by thinking that
cokeheads should die off.
c.
Finding ways to limit teen
pregnancy without thinking
pregnant teens are influenced by
the Devil and televisions.
d. Finding ways to solve poverty by
thinking that poor people deserve
to be poor because they didn’t
make better life decisions.
2. The best example of Progress is:
a.
A society that allows criminals to
vote while in prison because it
realizes that they will be affected by
laws, too.
b. A society that forces men to go to
work while women are forced to
stay at home taking care of their
children.
c.
A society that allows men to
sexually harass women that wear
short skirts and tight shirts.
d. A society that restricts marriage to
only people of the opposite sex
because some citizens are
religiously opposed to
homosexuality.
MAIN CONCERNS OF PHILOSOPHES – (RES) 50
1. The best example of Reason is:
a. Finding ways to solve hunger by
blaming the hungry for not
getting jobs to feed their
families.
–
b.
Finding ways to solve cocaine
addiction by thinking that
cokeheads should die off.
–
c.
d.
Assumptions made about the
hungry.
Assumptions made about
cokeheads.
Finding ways to limit teen
pregnancy without thinking
pregnant teens are influenced
by the Devil and televisions.
Finding ways to solve poverty by
thinking that poor people
deserve to be poor because
they didn’t make better life
decisions.
–
Assumptions made about the
poor.
2. The best example of Progress is:
a. A society that allows criminals
to vote while in prison because
it realizes that they will be
affected by laws, too.
b. A society that forces men to go
to work while women are
forced to stay at home taking
care of their children.
–
c.
A society that allows men to
sexually harass women that
wear short skirts and tight
shirts.
–
d.
No progress for gender roles
No progress for women
A society that restricts marriage
to only people of the opposite
sex because some citizens are
religiously opposed to
homosexuality.
–
No progress from homosexuals.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – 10
• Time: 15 seconds
• During the AoEn, what religious denomination
did most Europeans follow?
• What two domains did people become
skeptical about during the AoEn?
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 10
• Europeans were mostly Christian.
• People became skeptical about politics and
religion.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – 20
• Time: 30 seconds
• Name the two branches of theism.
• Explain each branch.
• Give an example of each branch.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 20
• The two branches of theism are monotheism and
polytheism.
• Monotheism believes in only one god.
• Polytheism believes in more than one god.
• Examples of monotheism: Christianity, Islam,
Judaism
• Examples of polytheism: Hinduism; Wicca
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – 30
• Time: 45 seconds
• In how many gods do deists believe?
• Why do deists believe the Universe exists?
• How do deists compare God to a clockmaker?
(compare all three parts)
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 30
• Deists believe in one god.
• Deists believe the universe exists because it is
complicated, so there must be a designer.
• God is like a clockmaker because
1) He made the universe, just like a clockmaker made the
clock.
2) He then put in natural laws into the universe to make it
run, just like a clockmaker put in batteries to make the
clock run.
3) He finally left it alone to run on its own, just like a
clockmaker lets a watch tick on its own.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – 40
• Time: 30 seconds
• What is the difference between atheism and
agnosticism?
• Which religious philosophy would be most
likely to believe in evolution?
• Explain the concept of evolution.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 40
• Atheism is completely certain there is no god.
• Agnosticism is not sure/is doubtful of whether or
not god/gods exist(s).
• Atheism would most likely believe in evolution.
• According to evolution, human beings were
formed from a single-celled organism that
changed over a long period of time.
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – 50
• Time: 45 seconds
• Identify the religious philosophy/
denomination/ theory being shown in each
image, and explain how you know.
C
A
D
B
RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 50
C
D
A
B
• A: Theism; god has a relationship with man.
• B: Deism; god has no relationship with man –
he only created the universe.
• C: Christianity; belief in Jesus’ miracles.
• D: Evolution; life formed from a single-celled
organism
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – 10
• Time: 40 seconds
• Translate tabula rasa into English, then explain
the concept.
• Contrast man’s natural state in Locke’s,
Hobbes’, and Rousseau’s philosophies.
• Explain the concept of the Invisible Hand in
capitalism and give an example.
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 10
• Tabula rasa means blank slate. This means that humans
learn through experience.
• Locke believed man was born neutral.
• Hobbes believed man was born evil.
• Rousseau believed man was born good.
• The Invisible Hand is the balancing of a capitalist economy.
An example would be Annie selling a dress for $500 to
make money; Mary sells the same dress for $100 and gets
more customers, so she gets more money. In order to
compete, either Annie will go out of business or she will be
forced to lower her prices.
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – 20
• Time: 50 seconds
• Explain Locke’s social contract, including the role
of each group as well as consequences for not
fulfilling your role.
• Explain Rousseau’s social contract, including the
concept of the General Will.
• Identify the natural rights according to Locke.
• Contrast the concept of equality in Locke’s and
Rousseau’s philosophies.
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 20
• Locke’s social contract is between the gov’t and citizens,
where the gov’t must protect citizens rights and the citizens
must follow the laws. If the gov’t doesn’t do its’ job, citizens
may overthrow the gov’t. If the citizens don’t do their job,
they go to jail.
• Rousseau’s social contract is between citizens, where each
person is fulfilling the general will – they are compromising
some of their happiness so that their overall society is
happy.
• Locke’s natural rights are life, liberty, and property.
• Locke believed only rich, white men were created equal.
Rousseau believed all human beings were equal, period.
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – 30
• Time: 40 seconds
• Explain the following quotes in your own words:
1. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
2. “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to
the death your right to say it.”
3. “We must cultivate our own gardens.”
4. “Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is
an absurd one.”
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES (RES) – 30
1.
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”
– Man is born good, but society corrupts him.
2.
“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your
right to say it.”
– I might not like what you are saying, but you should still be allowed to
say it.
3.
“We must cultivate our own gardens.”
– Our actions determine our destinies/where we end up.
4.
“Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is an absurd
one.”
– Even though it is uncomfortable to have questions, it is more foolish to
think that we know everything.
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – 40
• Time: 45 seconds
• Explain feminism and why Wollstonecraft believed
women seemed inferior to men.
• Give an example of a double standard.
• Explain the concept of Montesquieu’s separation of
powers, including why he believed it was needed.
• Explain why Beccaria was against the death penalty
and how he thought a government should prevent
crime (2 ways).
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – (RES) 40
• Feminism is the idea that men and women are equal. Wollstonecraft
believed women seemed inferior to men because they were less
educated.
• An example of a double standard is
– Insulting a woman for having multiple sexual partners, but encouraging a man
to have sexual partners.
– A woman who is a virgin for a long time is considered virtuous (good) while a
man who is a virgin for a long time is considered a loser who cannot get a
woman if he tried.
– Women are allowed to publicly cry; men are considered weak if they were to
do the same.
• Montesquieu’s separation of powers/branches is the idea that the
executive, legislative, and judicial branches of a gov’t should be separated,
with equal powers; this was to prevent corruption.
• Beccaria was against the death penalty because he thought it was not a
practical or ethical deterrent to crime. He thought by (1) educating the
people and (2) rewarding good behavior, a government could deter crime.
PHILOSOPHES AND PHILOSOPHIES – 50
• Time: 40 seconds
• Explain the following quotes in your words:
1. “No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels
responsible.”
2. “Crush the infamous thing.”
3. “I may be no better, but at least I am different.”
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – (RES) 50
1. “No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels
responsible.”
– Your actions affect other people; one snowflake by itself
hurts anyone, but when combined with other snowflakes,
it could have unintended, hurtful consequences.
2. “Crush the infamous thing.”
– Destroy the Catholic Church.
3. “I may be no better, but at least I am different.”
– Although we are all equal, I am an individual and I do not
follow the crowd.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – 10
• Time: 10 seconds
• “There is a new law that passes in Alabama
that says everyone must become a Christian.
Furthermore, it says if you live in Greene
County, you may only go to the Baptist
Churches. All other churches must be closed
down.” How would Voltaire respond to this
law? Why?
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – (RES) 10
• “There is a new law that passes in Alabama that
says everyone must become a Christian.
Furthermore, it says if you live in Greene County,
you may only go to the Baptist Churches. All
other churches must be closed down.” How
would Voltaire respond to this law? Why?
– Voltaire would say the law is wrong because it is
intolerant / it takes away religious freedom.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – 20
• Time: 20 seconds
• “Michael and Christina are both serious students.
Michael wants to become a world-class chef and
Christina wants to become a mechanical engineer.
Michael wants to take Advanced Cooking; Christina
wants to take Woodshop or Welding. However, neither
teacher for the classes Michael and Christina want,
allow them into their classes because they believe boys
should become mechanical engineers and girls belong
in the kitchen, cooking.” How would Wollstonecraft
respond to the teachers? Why?
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – (RES) 20
• “Michael and Christina are both serious students. Michael
wants to become a world-class chef and Christina wants to
become a mechanical engineer. Michael wants to take
Advanced Cooking; Christina wants to take Woodshop or
Welding. However, neither teacher for the classes Michael
and Christina want, allow them into their classes because
they believe boys should become mechanical engineers
and girls belong in the kitchen, cooking.” How would
Wollstonecraft respond to the teachers? Why?
• Wollstonecraft would respond that the teachers are being
unfair since women and men should be equally educated /
men and women have a right to the same education / this
goes against feminism.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – 30
• Time: 30 seconds
• “Nicholus owns a shoe store specializing in Air Jordans.
He sells each pair for $150. Amber opens up a shoe
shop where Air Jordans are sold for $300. Nicholus’
father, who is the governor of Alabama, orders Amber
to close down her store, to stop selling Air Jordans, or
to start selling Air Jordans for $150 because the price is
too high. How would Smith respond to the governor?
Why?
– Give 2 responses with their correct reasons.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – (RES) 30
• “Nicholus owns a shoe store specializing in Air Jordans. He sells
each pair for $150. Amber opens up a shoe shop where Air Jordans
are sold for $300. Nicholus’ father, who is the governor of Alabama,
orders Amber to close down her store, to stop selling Air Jordans, or
to start selling Air Jordans for $150 because the price is too high.
How would Smith respond to the governor? Why?
• Smith would say the governor is wrong because
1.
2.
3.
In a free market, merchants get to decide what to sell and at what
price to sell it.
In a capitalist economy, the government should not interfere with
business.
With the Invisible Hand, the economy will naturally balance itself
out.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – 40
• Time: 30 seconds
• “Tyra is accused of stealing gum from Piggly
Wiggly. The judge decides he will make an
example of her, and gives her the death
penalty without bringing her to trial.” How
would Beccaria respond to the judge’s
decision? Why?
– Give 3 responses with their correct reasons.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – (RES) 40
• “Tyra is accused of stealing gum from Piggly Wiggly.
The judge decides he will make an example of her, and
gives her the death penalty without bringing her to
trial.” How would Beccaria respond to the judge’s
decision? Why?
• Beccaria would respond that the judge is wrong
because:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The death penalty is not practical or ethical.
The death penalty will not prevent future crime.
The punishment is too severe for the crime.
Tyra got no trial.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – 50
• Time: 40 seconds
• Nnambi and Denzel are accused of killing Devante. The
judge, who was also the officer that arrested the two,
decides that because Nnambi is a girl, she cannot be
guilty since girls are not evil. He decides, however, that
Denzel is guilty and, without a trial, sentences him to
death so that others will not be tempted to kill others.
How would Beccaria respond? How would
Wollstonecraft respond? How would Montesquieu
respond? Explain why for each response.
– Give one response for each philosophe.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCENARIOS – (RES) 50
• Nnambi and Denzel are accused of killing Devante. The judge, who was
also the officer that arrested the two, decides that because Nnambi is a
girl, she cannot be guilty since girls are not evil. He decides, however, that
Denzel is guilty and, without a trial, sentences him to death so that others
will not be tempted to kill others. How would Beccaria respond? How
would Wollstonecraft respond? How would Montesquieu respond?
Explain why for each response.
• Beccaria would respond that the judge is wrong for (1) the death penalty
not being practical / (2) the death penalty will not prevent future crime /
(3) there was no trial held for Denzel.
• Wollstonecraft would respond that the judge is wrong because (1) he is
treating Nnambi and Denzel with double standards / (2) men and women
should be treated equally.
• Montesquieu would respond that the judge is wrong because (1) he
violated separation of powers – he was the arresting officer AND the judge
/ (2) there was no trial held for Denzel.