Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

The Spirit of Romanticism
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

Nationalism and Romanticism in American
Painting

Hudson River School
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

An American Literature

James Fenimore Cooper
“In the midst of the awful stillness with which such a burst of
feeling, coming as it did, from the two most renowned warriors of
that region, was received, Tamenund lifted his voice to disperse
the multitude.”
- The Last of the Mohicans
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

An American Literature
James Fenimore Cooper
 Walt Whitman

Title Page for Whitman’s
Leaves of Grass
“Do I contradict myself?
Very well, then I
contradict myself, I am
large, I contain
multitudes.”
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
- Walt Whitman
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

An American Literature
James Fenimore Cooper
 Walt Whitman
 Herman Melville

“Call me Ishmael.”
- Moby Dick
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

Literature in the Antebellum South

Edgar Allan Poe
“Quoth the Raven,
‘Nevermore.’”
- “The Raven”
Edgar Allen Poe
(Portrait Gallery)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

Literature in the Antebellum South
Edgar Allan Poe
 William Gilmore Simms

“The true law of the race is progress and
development. Whenever civilization pauses in
the march of conquest, it is overthrown by the
barbarian.”
- William Gilmore Simms
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

The Transcendentalists

Ralph Waldo Emerson
“A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little
minds, adored by little statesman and
philosophers and divines. With consistency a
great soul has simply nothing to do.”
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

The Transcendentalists
Ralph Waldo Emerson
 Thoreau’s Walden

"The mass of men live lives of quiet desperation.”
- Walden
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

The Defense of Nature

New Understanding of Nature
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

Visions of Utopia

Failure of Brook Farm
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

Visions of Utopia
Failure of Brook Farm
 New Harmony

Plan for the New
Harmony Colony
(Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

Redefining Gender Roles

Redefined Gender Roles
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

Redefining Gender Roles
Redefined Gender Roles
 Commitment to Celibacy

Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

The Mormons

Joseph Smith
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Romantic Impulse

The Mormons
Joseph Smith
 Utah Founded

Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

New Reform Efforts
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Revivalism, Morality, and Order

Religious Basis of Reform
The Drunkard’s
Progress
(Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Health, Science, and Phrenology

Cholera Epidemics
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Health, Science, and Phrenology
Cholera Epidemics
 Phrenology

Phrenology
(Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Medical Science

Resistance to Scientific Medicine
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Education

Horace Mann’s Reforms
Horace Mann
(Portrait Gallery)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Education
Horace Mann’s Reforms
 Uneven Public Education

Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Education
Horace Mann’s Reforms
 Uneven Public Education
 Soaring Literacy Rates

Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Rehabilitation

Dorothea Dix
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

Rehabilitation
Dorothea Dix
 Reservation Concept Born

The nation has a “moral duty . . . to protect and if
possible to preserve and perpetuate the
scattered remnants of the Indian race.”
-Andrew Jackson
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

The Rise of Feminism

“Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions”
The Declaration of Sentiments
(National Park Service, U.S. Department of
the Interior)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

Remaking Society

The Rise of Feminism
“Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions”
 Feminism’s Secondary Status

Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Early Opposition to Slavery

American Colonization Society
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Garrison and Abolitionism

William Lloyd Garrison
“I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—
I will not excuse—I will not retreat a
single inch—and I will be heard.”
- William Lloyd Garrison
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Garrison and Abolitionism
William Lloyd Garrison
 Garrison’s Revolutionary Philosophy

Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Black Abolitionists

Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass
(Portrait Gallery)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Anti-Abolitionism

Violent Reprisals
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Abolitionism Divided

Radicals and Moderates
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Abolitionism Divided
Radicals and Moderates
 The Amistad Case

Amistad Uprising
(Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

The Crusade Against Slavery

Abolitionism Divided
Radicals and Moderates
 The Amistad Case
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe
(Portrait Gallery)
Production of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(Library of Congress)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twelve:
Antebellum Culture and Reform

America in the World

The Abolition of Slavery
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.