Vocabulary:
Mass: is the amount of matter in an object
Volume: is amount of space something takes up
Chemistry: the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Element: are substances made up of only one kind of atom that cannot be broken
down.
Compound: consist of 2 or more elements chemically combined
Mixture: 2 or more substances are mixed. Can be separated by physical means.
Solution: formed when a substance (solute) dissolves in a solid or liquid (solvent)
Homogeneous Mixture: a solution, uniformly disturbed
Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture which you can see the different objects/
substances
Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass
Atom: Smallest part of an atom
Molecule: a particle made up of two or more atoms bonded together chemically
Ion: either positively or negatively charged atom
Electron: a negatively charged subatomic particle of an atom
Proton: a positively charged subatomic particle of an atom
Neutron: a neutrally charged subatomic particle of an atom
Atomic Mass: the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom
Atomic Number: the number of protons in an atom
Covalent Bond: atoms share electrons
Ionic Bond: atoms transfer electrons
Key Concepts:
Scientific Method:
 What is the order of the scientific method?
1. Make an observation (Identify the Problem)
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Conduct an Experiment
4. Analyze Data
5. Draw a conclusion
Independent Variable: the variable you are changing
Dependent Variable: the variable that is changed because of the independent
variable
Hypothesis: an educated guess
Procedure: the steps you take to conduct an experiment
Length, Mass, and Volume:
 What do you use to measure length? (Item and unit)
A ruler or meter stick Units: Meters, Centimeters, Kilometers
 What do you use to measure mass? (Item and unit)
A scale Units: Grams, kilograms
 What do you use to measure volume of a regular object? (Units)
A ruler (Base times Height time Width) Units: Cm3
 How do you measure the volume of an irregular object?
Water Displacement , units: Milliliters, liters
Atoms:
 Where are protons, electrons, and neutrons located in an atom?
Protons and Neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom
Electrons orbit the atom in shells or energy levels
 Make sure you know how to draw atoms.
Reading the Periodic Table:
 How do you find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom/
element?
Number of protons = the atomic number
Number of electrons = the number of protons (Atoms are neutral)
Number of Neutrons= Atomic Mass – the number of protons
 Where are metals, non-metals, metalloids found on the periodic table? What
are there differences?
Metals: Hard, shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-Metals: Dull and good insulators
Metalloids: have properties of both
 What is the difference between families/groups and periods?
Families/ groups are the columns on the periodic table (Vertical)
Periods are the rows (Horizontal)
 What are the different family names? What are their differences?
Alkali Metals – Very Reactive
Alkaline- Earth Metals – Very Reactive
Boron Family
Carbon Family
Nitrogen Family
Oxygen Family
Halogen Family- Very Reactive
Noble Gases (Inert Gases) Stable and non-reactive
Physical Change and Chemical Reactions
 What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical reaction?
Physical Change: a change in which the form or appearance of matter
changes but not its chemical makeup.
Physical Properties: Density, mass, malleability, solubility
Chemical Properties: Corrosiveness , and Flammability
Chemical Reaction: Takes place when substances combine and they change
their chemical structure, producing a new substance.
 What are some examples of a physical change? Of a chemical reaction?
Physical Change= Melting Ice, freezing ice
Chemical Change= burning a sheet of paper
 What are the 4 types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis A + B  AB
Decomposition AB  A + B
Single Replacement AB + C  AC + B
Double Replacement AB + CD  AC + BD

Know how to Balance Equations